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Winter G, Eberhardt N, Löffler J, Raabe M, Alam MNA, Hao L, Abaei A, Herrmann H, Kuntner C, Glatting G, Solbach C, Jelezko F, Weil T, Beer AJ, Rasche V. Preclinical PET and MR Evaluation of 89Zr- and 68Ga-Labeled Nanodiamonds in Mice over Different Time Scales. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4471. [PMID: 36558325 PMCID: PMC9780863 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have high potential as a drug carrier and in combination with nitrogen vacancies (NV centers) for highly sensitive MR-imaging after hyperpolarization. However, little remains known about their physiological properties in vivo. PET imaging allows further evaluation due to its quantitative properties and high sensitivity. Thus, we aimed to create a preclinical platform for PET and MR evaluation of surface-modified NDs by radiolabeling with both short- and long-lived radiotracers. Serum albumin coated NDs, functionalized with PEG groups and the chelator deferoxamine, were labeled either with zirconium-89 or gallium-68. Their biodistribution was assessed in two different mouse strains. PET scans were performed at various time points up to 7 d after i.v. injection. Anatomical correlation was provided by additional MRI in a subset of animals. PET results were validated by ex vivo quantification of the excised organs using a gamma counter. Radiolabeled NDs accumulated rapidly in the liver and spleen with a slight increase over time, while rapid washout from the blood pool was observed. Significant differences between the investigated radionuclides were only observed for the spleen (1 h). In summary, we successfully created a preclinical PET and MR imaging platform for the evaluation of the biodistribution of NDs over different time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Eberhardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Löffler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Md. Noor A. Alam
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Solbach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambros J. Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Bubenshchikov VB, Larenkov AA, Kodina GE. Preparation of 89Zr Solutions for Radiopharmaceuticals Synthesis. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362221030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Seibold U, Wängler B, Wängler C. Rational Design, Development, and Stability Assessment of a Macrocyclic Four-Hydroxamate-Bearing Bifunctional Chelating Agent for 89 Zr. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1555-1571. [PMID: 28715615 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 is a positron-emitting radionuclide of high interest for medical imaging applications with positron emission tomography (PET). For the introduction of this radiometal into biologically active targeting vectors, the chelating agent desferrioxamine B (DFO) is commonly applied. However, DFO is known to form 89 Zr complexes of limited in vivo stability. Herein we describe the rational design and chemical development of a new macrocyclic four-hydroxamate-bearing chelating agent-1,10,19,28-tetrahydroxy-1,5,10,14,19,23,28,32-octaazacyclohexatriacontan-2,6,11,15,20,24,29,33-octaone (CTH36)-for the stable complexation of Zr4+ . For this purpose, we first performed computational studies to determine the optimal chelator geometry before we developed different synthesis pathways toward the target structures. The best results were obtained using an efficient solution-phase-based synthesis strategy toward the target chelating agent. To enable efficient and chemoselective conjugation to biomolecules, a tetrazine-modified variant of CTH36 was also developed. The excellent conjugation characteristics of the so-functionalized chelator were demonstrated on the example of the model peptide TCO-c(RGDfK). We determined the optimal 89 Zr radiolabeling parameters for CTH36 as well as its bioconjugate, and found that 89 Zr radiolabeling proceeds efficiently under very mild reaction conditions. Finally, we performed comparative complex stability tests for 89 Zr-CHT36-c(RGDfK) and 89 Zr-DFO-c(RGDfK), showing improved complex stability for the newly developed chelator CTH36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Seibold
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Price TW, Gallo J, Kubíček V, Böhmová Z, Prior TJ, Greenman J, Hermann P, Stasiuk GJ. Amino acid based gallium-68 chelators capable of radiolabeling at neutral pH. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16973-16982. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we show a flexible synthesis for bifunctional chelators based on amino acids that rapidly complex 68Ga under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Price
- School of Life Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced (magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory
- 4715-330 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Böhmová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Chemistry
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Life Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- School of Life Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
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A Novel Prostate-Specific Membrane-Antigen (PSMA) Targeted Micelle-Encapsulating Wogonin Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation via Inducing Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050676. [PMID: 27196894 PMCID: PMC4881502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor for which there are no effective treatment strategies. In this study, we developed a targeted strategy for prostate-specific membrane-antigen (PSMA)-positive PCa in vitro based on 2-(3-((S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)ureido) pentanedioic acid (ACUPA) modified polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Cholesterol micelles containing wogonin (WOG), which was named ACUPA-M-WOG. ACUPA-M-WOG was conventionally prepared using a self-assembling method, which produced stable particle size and ζ potential. Moreover, ACUPA-M-WOG showed good drug encapsulating capacity and drug release profiles. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) results suggested that ACUPA modified PEG-Cholesterol micelles could effectively enhance the drug uptake on PSMA(+) PCa cells, and the cytotoxicity of ACUPA-M-WOG was stronger than other controls according to in vitro cellular proliferation and apoptosis assays, separately through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of ACUPA-M-WOG’s effects on human PSMA(+) PCa were investigated, and were mainly the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. The Western blot results suggested that ACUPA-M-WOG could enhance the WOG-induced apoptosis, which was mainly via the intrinsic signaling pathway rather than the extrinsic signaling pathway. In conclusion, ACUPA-M-WOG was successfully developed for WOG-selective delivery to PSMA(+) PCa cells and had stronger inhibition than free drugs, which might make it an effective strategy for PSMA(+) PCa.
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Bauman A, Valverde IE, Fischer CA, Vomstein S, Mindt TL. Development of 68Ga- and 89Zr-Labeled Exendin-4 as Potential Radiotracers for the Imaging of Insulinomas by PET. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1569-74. [PMID: 26251418 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.159186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of radiometallated exendin-4 derivatives for the imaging of glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor-overexpressing insulinomas. Recently investigated exendin-4 derivatives were radiolabeled with the SPECT isotopes 99mTc or 111In. Despite promising results, the low spatial resolution associated with SPECT and the occasional need to perform imaging several days after injection for the demarcation of insulinomas from the kidneys represent current limitations. The aim of this work was the development of exendin-4 derivatives for the imaging of insulinomas by high-resolution PET at early or late time points after injection of the radiotracer. METHODS An exendin-4 derivative conjugated to desferrioxamine (DFO) was used for radiolabeling with the PET isotopes 68Ga and 89Zr. Both radiotracers were evaluated in vitro with RIN-m5F cells for their cell internalization properties as well as affinities and specificities toward the glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor. Serum stabilities of the radiopeptides were assessed in blood serum, and their distribution coefficient was determined by the shake-flask method. Biodistribution experiments were performed with nude mice bearing RIN-m5F xenografts. For all experiments, clinically evaluated [Lys40-(AHX-DTPA-111In)NH2]exendin-4 was used as a reference compound. RESULTS [Lys40-(AHX-DFO)NH2]exendin-4 was labeled with 89Zr and 68Ga in high radiochemical yield and purity. In vitro experiments showed favorable cell uptake and receptor affinity for [Lys40-(AHX-DFO-68Ga)NH2]exendin-4, and [Lys40-(AHX-DFO-89Zr)NH2]exendin-4 and [Lys40-(AHX-DTPA-111In)NH2]exendin-4 performed similarly well. In biodistribution experiments, [Lys40-(AHX-DFO-68Ga)NH2]exendin-4 exhibited a significantly enhanced tumor uptake 1 h after injection in comparison to the other 2 radiotracers. Tumor uptake of [Lys40-(AHX-DFO-89Zr)NH2]exendin-4 was comparable to that of [Lys40-(AHX-DTPA-111In)NH2]exendin-4 at 1-48 h after injection. All compounds showed a fast blood clearance and low accumulation in receptor-negative organs and tissue with the exception of the kidneys, a known characteristic for exendin-4-based radiotracers. CONCLUSION 68Ga- and 89Zr-radiolabeled [Lys40-(AHX-DFO)NH2]exendin-4 exhibit characteristics comparable or superior to the clinically tested reference compound [Lys40-(AHX-DTPA-111In)NH2]exendin-4 and, thus, represent potential new tracers for the imaging of insulinomas by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauman
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ibai E Valverde
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane A Fischer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vomstein
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Patra M, Bauman A, Mari C, Fischer CA, Blacque O, Häussinger D, Gasser G, Mindt TL. An octadentate bifunctional chelating agent for the development of stable zirconium-89 based molecular imaging probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11523-5. [PMID: 25132321 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05558f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(89)Zr-based imaging agents hold great promise as novel radio-tracers in nuclear medicine. However, insufficient stability of currently used radiometal complexes in vivo is a safety concern for clinical applications. We herein report the first octadentate bifunctional chelating agent for the development of (89)Zr-labelled (bio)conjugates with improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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