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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Braccini S. Alternative routes for 64Cu production using an 18 MeV medical cyclotron in view of theranostic applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 191:110518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Fan FL, Li HW, Cheng NW, Huang QG, Chen DS, Wu XL, Qin Z. Selective adsorption and separation of Cu(II) from Zn solution by CU resin. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Large scale production of 64Cu and 67Cu via the 64Zn(n, p)64Cu and 68Zn(n, np/d)67Cu reactions using accelerator neutrons. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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NAGAI Y. Production scheme for diagnostic-therapeutic radioisotopes by accelerator neutrons. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:292-323. [PMID: 34121042 PMCID: PMC8403527 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interest has been growing in the development of medical radioisotopes used for noninvasive nuclear medicine imaging of disease and cancer therapy. Especially the development of an alternative production scheme of 99Mo, the mother radioisotope of 99mTc used for imaging, is required, because the current supply chain of the reactor product 99Mo is fragile worldwide. We have proposed a new production scheme of 99Mo as well as therapeutic radioisotopes, such as 64Cu and 67Cu, using accelerator neutrons provided by the natC(d,n) reaction. Based on this scheme we have obtained high-quality 99mTc, 64Cu, and 67Cu suitable for clinical use by developing both production and separation methods of the radioisotopes. We proposed a new facility to constantly and reliably produce a wide variety of high-quality, carrier-free radioisotopes, including 99Mo, with accelerator neutrons. We report on the development of the proposed scheme and future prospects of the facility toward the domestic production of medical radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki NAGAI
- Professor Emeritus, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- QST-Associate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Professor, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Research Fellow, Chiyoda Technol Co., Tokyo, Japan
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Capogni M, Capone M, Pietropaolo A, Fazio A, Dellepiane G, Falconi R, Colangeli A, Palomba S, Valentini G, Fantuzi M, Faccini R, Pizzuto A. 64Cu production by 14 MeV neutron beam. JOURNAL OF NEUTRON RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-190140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
64Cu is an emerging radionuclide of great interest in personalized nuclear medicine. It is produced by a cyclotron via the reaction 64Ni(p,n)64Cu. This production method increased during the last decades, because small biomedical cyclotrons can be easily installed close to the nuclear medicine department of a hospital. As a matter of fact, 64Ni is a very expensive target material. For this reason, an alternative 64Cu production method was investigated at ENEA by using the quasi-monochromatic 14 MeV fusion neutron beam made available at the Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG) located at the ENEA – Frascati Research Center. In particular, two nuclear reactions were studied: 65Cu(n,2n)64Cu and 64Zn(n,p)64Cu. The radiochemical analysis of the activated samples was performed at the ENEA-NMLNWM laboratory located in ENEA-Casaccia Research Center. The activity measurements were carried out at the ENEA-INMRI, located in the ENEA-Casaccia Research Center, with high metrological level conditions and by assuring their traceability to the 64Cu primary activity standard here developed and maintained. A prediction of the 64Cu production by means of the high-brilliance 14 MeV neutron source named Sorgentina is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Capogni
- ENEA – Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (INMRI), Casaccia R.C., Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy. E-mail:
| | - M. Capone
- ENEA – Nuclear Material characterization Laboratory and Nuclear Waste Management (NMLNWM), Casaccia R.C., Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy. E-mail:
| | - A. Pietropaolo
- ENEA – Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security (FSN), Frascati R.C., Via E. Fermi 45 Frascati (Rome), Italy. E-mail:
| | - A. Fazio
- ENEA – Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (INMRI), Casaccia R.C., Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy. E-mail:
| | - G. Dellepiane
- University of Rome “La Sapienza” – Department of Physics, P.le Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Rome, Italy
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlestrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Falconi
- University of Rome “La Sapienza” – Department of Physics, P.le Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Colangeli
- ENEA – Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security (FSN), Frascati R.C., Via E. Fermi 45 Frascati (Rome), Italy. E-mail:
| | - S. Palomba
- University of Rome “La Sapienza” – Department of Physics, P.le Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Valentini
- Advanced Center Oncology Macerata (A.C.O.M.) Srl, Località Cavallino, 39/A-B, 62010 Montecosaro (MC), Italy
| | - M. Fantuzi
- Advanced Center Oncology Macerata (A.C.O.M.) Srl, Località Cavallino, 39/A-B, 62010 Montecosaro (MC), Italy
| | - R. Faccini
- University of Rome “La Sapienza” – Department of Physics, P.le Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Pizzuto
- ENEA – Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security (FSN), Frascati R.C., Via E. Fermi 45 Frascati (Rome), Italy. E-mail:
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6
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Ohya T, Nagatsu K, Hanyu M, Minegishi K, Zhang MR. Simple separation of 67Cu from bulk zinc by coprecipitation using hydrogen sulfide gas and silver nitrate. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Copper-67 (67Cu), a feasible radionuclide for diagnosis and radiotherapy, is commercially generated from a bulk zinc (Zn) target using the 68Zn(p, 2p)67Cu and 68Zn(γ, p)67Cu nuclear reactions. Because it uses a large amount of zinc, the separation is complex – requiring a combination of three ion exchange columns – and is time-consuming (about 1 day). We developed a quick and easy separation method referred to as “double coprecipitation” using H2S gas and silver nitrate as coprecipitation agents in place of ion exchange columns. We compared this method with a conventional separation method using three ion exchange columns (AG50W-X8, AG1-X8, and Chelex-100) for a natural zinc (natZn) target irradiated by a proton beam. The product quality and the recovery rate with the new method were competitive with the conventional method, and the total operation time was reduced from 1 day to <3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ohya
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
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Aliev RA, Belyshev SS, Kuznetsov AA, Dzhilavyan LZ, Khankin VV, Aleshin GY, Kazakov AG, Priselkova AB, Kalmykov SN, Ishkhanov BS. Photonuclear production and radiochemical separation of medically relevant radionuclides: 67Cu. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Souliotis GA, Rodrigues MRD, Wang K, Iacob VE, Nica N, Roeder B, Tabacaru G, Yu M, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Bonasera A. A novel approach to medical radioisotope production using inverse kinematics: A successful production test of the theranostic radionuclide 67Cu. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 149:89-95. [PMID: 31035108 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the production of important medical radioisotopes has been developed. The approach is based on performing the nuclear reaction in inverse kinematics, namely sending a heavy-ion beam of appropriate energy on a light target (e.g. H, d, He) and collecting the isotope of interest. In this work, as a proof-of-concept, we studied the production of the theranostic radionuclide 67Cu (T1/2 = 62 h) via the reaction of a 70Zn beam at 15 MeV/nucleon with a hydrogen gas target. The 67Cu radionuclide alongside other coproduced isotopes, was collected after the gas target on an aluminum catcher foil and their radioactivity was measured by off-line γ-ray analysis. After 36 h post irradiation, apart from the product of interest 67Cu, the main radioimpurity coming from the 70Zn + p reaction was 69mZn (T1/2 = 13.8 h), which can be reduced by further radio-cooling. Moreover, along with the radionuclide of interest produced in inverse kinematics, the production of additional radioisotopes is possible by making use of the forward-focused neutrons from the reaction and allowing them to interact with a secondary target. A preliminary successful test of this concept was realized in the present study. The main requirement to obtain activities appropriate for preclinical studies is the development of high-intensity heavy-ion primary beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Souliotis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece.
| | - M R D Rodrigues
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - K Wang
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - V E Iacob
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - N Nica
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - B Roeder
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - G Tabacaru
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M Yu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - A Bonasera
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Gopalakrishna A, Suryanarayana SV, Naik H, Dixit TS, Nayak BK, Kumar A, Maletha P, Thakur K, Deshpande A, Krishnan R, Kamaldeep, Banerjee S, Saxena A. Production, separation and supply prospects of 67Cu with the development of fast neutron sources and photonuclear technology. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Experimental investigations have been carried out on the production of a promising therapeutic radionuclide 67Cu via the 67Zn(n,p)67Cu, 68Zn(n,x)67Cu, and 68Zn(γ,p)67Cu reaction routes. Natural zinc metal foils were irradiated with 14.1 MeV neutrons and bremsstrahlung of end-point energy 15 MeV. Radioactivity levels of 67Cu and other radioisotopes co-produced were determined by the quantification of photo-peaks by off-line γ-ray spectrometry. No carrier added 67Cu was separated from the irradiated zinc by solvent extraction. Yields >90% and high levels of radionuclidic purity were achieved. These studies indicate that the growth and development of intense fast neutron sources and photonuclear technology, will possibly aid in the sustained supply of 67Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Gopalakrishna
- Medical Cyclotron Facility, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology , Mumbai 400012 , India
- Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai 400094 , India
| | | | - Haladhara Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Tanuja Sushant Dixit
- Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research, IIT Campus , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Basant Kumar Nayak
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medical Cyclotron Facility, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology , Mumbai 400012 , India
| | - Pravind Maletha
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 012 , India
| | - Kiran Thakur
- Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research, IIT Campus , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Abhay Deshpande
- Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research, IIT Campus , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Ramamoorthy Krishnan
- Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research, IIT Campus , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Kamaldeep
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 012 , India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 012 , India
| | - Alok Saxena
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
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Kin T, Kawagoe T, Araki S, Watanabe Y. Production of high-purity medical radio isotope 64Cu with accelerator-based neutrons generated with 9 and 12 MeV deuterons. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2017.1344585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Kin
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Takaya Kawagoe
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Shouhei Araki
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
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Auditore L, Amato E, Baldari S. Theoretical estimation of 64Cu production with neutrons emitted during 18F production with a 30MeV medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 122:229-234. [PMID: 28209500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work presents the theoretical estimation of a combined production of 18F and 64Cu isotopes for PET applications. 64Cu production is induced in a secondary target by neutrons emitted during a routine 18F production with a 30MeV cyclotron: protons are used to produce 18F by means of the 18O(p,n)18F reaction on a [18O]-H2O target (primary target) and the emitted neutrons are used to produce 64Cu by means of the 64Zn(n,p)64Cu reaction on enriched zinc target (secondary target). METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using Monte Carlo N Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code to evaluate flux and energy spectra of neutrons produced in the primary (Be+[18O]-H2O) target by protons and the attenuation of neutron flux in the secondary target. 64Cu yield was estimated using an analytical approach based on both TENDL-2015 data library and experimental data selected from EXFOR database. RESULTS Theoretical evaluations indicate that about 3.8 MBq/μA of 64Cu can be obtained as a secondary, 'side' production with a 30MeV cyclotron, for 2h of irradiation of a proper designed zinc target. Irradiating for 2h with a proton current of 120 μA, a yield of about 457 MBq is expected. Moreover, the most relevant contaminants result to be 63,65Zn, which can be chemically separated from 64Cu contrarily to what happens with proton irradiation of an enriched 64Ni target, which provides 64Cu mixed to other copper isotopes as contaminants. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical study discussed in this paper evaluates the potential of the combined production of 18F and 64Cu for medical purposes, irradiating a properly designed target with 30MeV protons. Interesting yields of 64Cu are obtainable and the estimation of contaminants in the irradiated zinc target is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Auditore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy; INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Messina, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Amato
- INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Messina, Italy; Section of Radiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy; Section of Radiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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