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Jeong D, Baik MH, Jung EC, Ko MS, Um W, Ryu JH. Potential of indigenous bacteria driven U(VI) reduction under relevant deep geological repository (DGR) conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121674. [PMID: 37085104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biogeochemical U redox processes is crucial for controlling U mobility and toxicity under conditions relevant to deep geological repositories (DGRs). In this study, we examined the microbial reduction of aqueous hexavalent uranium U(VI) [U(VI)aq] by indigenous bacteria in U-contaminated groundwater. Three indigenous bacteria obtained from granitic groundwater at depths of 44-60 m (S1), 92-116 m (S2), and 234-244 m (S3) were used in U(VI)aq bioreduction experiments. The concentration of U(VI)aq was monitored to evaluate its removal efficiency for 24 weeks under anaerobic conditions with the addition of 20 mM sodium acetate. During the anaerobic reaction, U(VI)aq was precipitated in the form of U(IV)-silicate with a particle size >100 nm. The final U(VI)aq removal efficiencies were 37.7%, 43.1%, and 57.8% in S1, S2, and S3 sample, respectively. Incomplete U(VI)aq removal was attributed to the presence of a thermodynamically stable calcium uranyl carbonate complex in the U-contaminated groundwater. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed the differences in indigenous bacterial communities in response to the depth, which affected to the U(VI)aq removal efficiency. Pseudomonas peli was found to be a common bacterium related to U(VI)aq bioreduction in S1 and S2 samples, while two SRB species, Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii and Desulfatirhabdium butyrativorans, played key roles in the bioreduction of U(VI)aq in S3 sample. These results indicate that remediation of U(VI)aq is possible by stimulating the activity of indigenous bacteria in the DGR environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jeong
- Disposal Safety Evaluation R&D Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si, 34057, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Hoon Baik
- Disposal Safety Evaluation R&D Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si, 34057, the Republic of Korea
| | - Euo Chang Jung
- Nuclear Chemistry Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si, 34057, the Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Soo Ko
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1, Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyong Um
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Ryu
- Disposal Safety Evaluation R&D Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si, 34057, the Republic of Korea.
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Shang C, Coreau N, Macé N, Descostes M, Reiller PE. Implications of recently derived thermodynamic data and specific ionic interaction theory parameters for (Mg/Ca) nUO 2(CO 3) 3(4-2n)- complexes on the predominance of the Mg 2+-Ca 2+-UO 22+-OH --CO 32- systems, and application to natural and legacy-mine waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159927. [PMID: 36343816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of alkaline earth(II)triscarbonatouranyl(VI) (AenUO2(CO3)3(4-2n)-) species that have been evidenced both in laboratory and in-field studies, is important from slightly acidic pH up to near degraded cementitious in carbonated waters. They are also showing distinctive luminescence properties with a hypsochromic shift relative to UO22+. The conditions of pH, activities of alkaline earth(II) free ions (mostly Mg2+ and Ca2+) and carbonate ions (HCO3-) can be predicted from the thermodynamic functions and constants. The predictive validity of the activity of major alkaline ions (mostly Na+) is determined from the models used to describe the ionic strength comportment of these species, particularly using coefficients from the specific ion interaction theory (SIT). The stability domains of these species are better defined as a function of the activity of the constituents, and applied to natural waters. In this work, using recently obtained complete thermodynamic data and SIT coefficients, we will draw the stability domains of the AenUO2(CO3)3(4-2n)- species in combinations of activities of H+, HCO3-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+ for a wide selection of water compositions from the literature. Water samples were collected near a French mining legacy-site (Site du Bosc, Lodève, France). After determining the major ion compositions, we will verify that the luminescence signal of uranium is in agreement with the predicted speciation in the stability domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Shang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Nathalie Coreau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Études du Comportement des Radionucléïdes (SECR), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Nathalie Macé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Études du Comportement des Radionucléïdes (SECR), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Michael Descostes
- ORANO Mining, Environmental R&D Department, 125 Avenue de Paris, 92330 Châtillon, France; PSL University/Mines ParisTech, Centre de Géosciences, 35 rue Saint-Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Pascal E Reiller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
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Lunardi M, Bonotto DM. Natural radioactivity due to uranium and radon in thermal groundwaters of Central Brazil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-023-08784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gao J, Wang J, Chen J, Liao S, Cao M, Ma F, Xue Y, Yan Y. Valence regulation investigation of key factors on the electrochemical immobilization uranyl from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155609. [PMID: 35504391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques are considered promising applications to immobilize uranium in alkaline wastewater in order to prevent its migration into groundwater and soil. In this work, the results of electrochemical and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) demonstrate a successful immobilization of uranyl in the carbonate system by U(VI)-U(V), U(V)-U(IV) reduction, and U(V) disproportionation reactions. The results indicated that the electrochemical fixation rate in alkaline system could reach more than 99%. The valence state of uranium is the key factor affecting its migration in the working system. Where, the analysis of the immobilized samples by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that pHs, current density, and the presence of foreign cations significantly affect the valence state of uranium in the immobilized samples. Under same conditions, the reduction reactions of U(VI)-U(V) and U(V)-U(IV) occurred easily. Where, at pH higher than 3.4 or the current density in the range of 0.5-20 mA/cm2, high content of U(V) and U(IV) in the immobilized products was obtained. Other conditions favored the occurrence of the electrolytic water reaction, and the immobilized samples were dominated by U(VI). It was found that the temperature showed the greatest effect on the electrochemical immobilization rate. Where, the electrochemical immobilization rate increased by about 1.8 times when the ambient temperature increased from 293.15 to 328.15 K. This study provides a new idea for the immobilization of uranium in alkaline wastewater and demonstrates the feasibility of electrochemical immobilization of uranium in alkaline systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Gao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Liao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Meng Cao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiu Ma
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China; Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xue
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China; Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Yongde Yan
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China; Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, Shandong, P. R. China.
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Cha W, Park TH, Park JH. Progress of energy-related radiochemistry and radionuclide production in the Republic of Korea. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The field of radiochemistry in the Republic of Korea has expanded greatly over the last three decades to meet the rapid growth of technological demands in various areas such as nuclear energy and nuclear technologies for human health and environmental protection. Major research activities, which were initially centered at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), have gradually spread to major universities and the commercial sector. In this review, progress and recent research trends in nuclear and radiochemistry in Korea are summarized. The main research outcomes achieved by KAERI scientists are highlighted, with emphasis on basic actinide chemistry in nuclear fuel cycles, the radioanalytical chemistry of various radionuclides from radioactive waste and the environment, and medical radionuclide production. In addition, recent efforts to promote radiochemical education and future perspectives are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansik Cha
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Laboratory , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34057 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Park
- Radioactive Waste Chemical Analysis Center , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34057 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Accelerator Radioisotope Development Laboratory , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34057 , Republic of Korea
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Vengosh A, Coyte RM, Podgorski J, Johnson TM. A critical review on the occurrence and distribution of the uranium- and thorium-decay nuclides and their effect on the quality of groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151914. [PMID: 34856287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This critical review presents the key factors that control the occurrence of natural elements from the uranium- and thorium-decay series, also known as naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), including uranium, radium, radon, lead, polonium, and their isotopes in groundwater resources. Given their toxicity and radiation, elevated levels of these nuclides in drinking water pose human health risks, and therefore understanding the occurrence, sources, and factors that control the mobilization of these nuclides from aquifer rocks is critical for better groundwater management and human health protection. The concentrations of these nuclides in groundwater are a function of the groundwater residence time relative to the decay rates of the nuclides, as well as the net balance between nuclides mobilization (dissolution, desorption, recoil) and retention (adsorption, precipitation). This paper explores the factors that control this balance, including the relationships between the elemental chemistry (e.g., solubility and speciation), lithological and hydrogeological factors, groundwater geochemistry (e.g., redox state, pH, ionic strength, ion-pairs availability), and their combined effects and interactions. The various chemical properties of each of the nuclides results in different likelihoods for co-occurrence. For example, the primordial 238U, 222Rn, and, in cases of high colloid concentrations also 210Po, are all more likely to be found in oxic groundwater. In contrast, in reducing aquifers, Ra nuclides, 210Pb, and in absence of high colloid concentrations, 210Po, are more mobile and frequently occur in groundwater. In highly permeable sandstone aquifers that lack sufficient adsorption sites, Ra is often enriched, even in low salinity and oxic groundwater. This paper also highlights the isotope distributions, including those of relatively long-lived nuclides (238U/235U) with abundances that depend on geochemical conditions (e.g., fractionation induced from redox processes), as well as shorter-lived nuclides (234U/238U, 228Ra/226Ra, 224Ra/228Ra, 210Pb/222Rn, 210Po/210Pb) that are strongly influenced by physical (recoil), lithological, and geochemical factors. Special attention is paid in evaluating the ability to use these isotope variations to elucidate the sources of these nuclides in groundwater, mechanisms of their mobilization from the rock matrix (e.g., recoil, ion-exchange), and retention into secondary mineral phases and ion-exchange sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Roles of uranyl silicate minerals in the long-term mobility of uranium in fractured granite. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shi Y, Zhou W, Wang J, Xian D, Tan Z, Du L, Li X, Pan D, Chen Z, Wu W, Liu C. Effect of pH on the formation of U(VI) colloidal particles in a natural groundwater. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oher H, Vercouter T, Réal F, Shang C, Reiller PE, Vallet V. Influence of Alkaline Earth Metal Ions on Structures and Luminescent Properties of Na mM nUO 2(CO 3) 3(4-m-2n)- (M = Mg, Ca; m, n = 0-2): Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Studies. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15036-15049. [PMID: 33000939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The luminescence spectra of triscarbonatouranyl complexes were determined by experimental and theoretical methods. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was used to monitor spectra of uranyl and bicarbonate solutions at 0.1 mol kgw-1 ionic strength and pH ca. 8. The concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the samples were chosen in order to vary the proportions of the alkaline earth ternary uranyl complexes MgUO2(CO3)32-, CaUO2(CO3)32-, and Ca2UO2(CO3)3. The luminescence spectrum of each complex was determined by decomposition in order to compare it with the simulated spectra of model structures NamMnUO2(CO3)3(4-m-2n)- (M = Mg, Ca; m, n = 0-2) obtained by quantum chemical methods. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT methods were used with the PBE0 functional to optimize the structures in the ground and excited states, respectively, including relativistic effects at the spin-free level, and water solvent effects using a continuum polarizable conductor model. The changes in the structural parameters were quantified with respect to the nature and the amount of alkaline earth counterions to explain the luminescence spectra behavior. The first low-lying excited state was successfully computed, together with the vibrational harmonic frequencies. The DFT calculations confirmed that uranyl luminescence originates from electronic transitions from one of the four nonbonding 5f orbitals of uranium to an orbital that has a uranyl-σ (5f, 6d) character mixed with the 2p atomic orbitals of the carbonate oxygens. Additional single-point calculations using the more accurate TD-DFT/CAM-B3LYP allow one to determine the position of the luminescence "hot band" for each structure in the range 467-476 nm and compared fairly well with experimental reports at around 465 nm. The complete luminescence spectra were built from theoretical results with the corresponding assignment of the electronic transitions and vibronic modes involved, mainly the U-Oax stretching mode. The resulting calculated spectra showed a very good agreement with experimental band positions and band spacing attributed to MgUO2(CO3)32-, CaUO2(CO3)32-, and Ca2UO2(CO3)3. The evolution of luminescence intensities with the number of alkaline earth metal ions in the structure was also correctly reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Oher
- Service d'Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Université de Lille, CNRS, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Vercouter
- Service d'Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florent Réal
- UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Université de Lille, CNRS, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Chengming Shang
- Service d'Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal E Reiller
- Service d'Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Vallet
- UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Université de Lille, CNRS, 59000 Lille, France
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Liu T, Yuan J, Zhang B, Liu W, Lin L, Meng Y, Yin S, Liu C, Luan F. Removal and Recovery of Uranium from Groundwater Using Direct Electrochemical Reduction Method: Performance and Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14612-14619. [PMID: 31738519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Removal of uranium from groundwater is of great significance as compared to in situ bioimmobilization technology. In this study, a novel direct electro-reductive method has been developed to efficiently remove and recover uranium from carbonate-containing groundwater, where U(VI)O2(CO3)34- and Ca2U(VI)O2(CO3)3 are the dominant U species. The transferred electron calculations and XPS, XRD analyses confirmed that U(VI) was reduced to U(IV)O2 and accumulated on the surface of the Ti electrode (defined as Ti@U(IV)O2 electrode) with high current efficiencies (over 90.0%). Moreover, over 98.0% of the accumulated U(IV)O2 could be recovered by soaking the Ti@U(IV)O2 electrode in the dilute nitric acid. Results demonstrated that the accumulated U(IV)O2 on the surface of the Ti electrode played a key role in the removal of U(VI), which can promote the electro-reduction of U(VI). Therefore, the electrode could be used repeatedly and has a high removal capacity of U(VI) due to the continuous accumulation of active U(IV)O2 on the surface of the electrode. Significantly, the uranium in both real and high salinity groundwater can be efficiently removed. This study implies that the proposed direct electro-reductive method has great potential for the removal and recovery of uranium from groundwater and uranium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Jili Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Leiming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Shuangfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Fubo Luan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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