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Ekinci M, Santos-Oliveira R, İlem-Özdemir D. Radiolabeled gemcitabine hydrochloride as an imaging agent for lung cancer: Radiolabeling, quality control and cell incorporation studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110856. [PMID: 37245319 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of new drugs that can specifically screen tumors is a global need. When it comes to lung cancer, which is the second main cause of cancer-related deaths, early detection of lung tumors using appropriate imaging is very important. In this study, gemcitabine hydrochloride (GCH) was radiolabeled with [99mTc]Tc under different conditions (changing reducing agent, antioxidant agent, incubation time, pH, [99mTc]Tc activity) and radiolabeling activity (quality control) using Radio Thin Layer Chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The results showed that the most stable complex ([99mTc]Tc-GCH) was prepared using 0.015 mg of stannous chloride as a reducing agent, 0.01 mg of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant and 37 MBq activity at pH 7.4 after 15 min of incubation time. The complex remained stable for 6 h. Cell incorporation studies showed a six-fold higher uptake of [99mTc]Tc-GCH in cancer (A-549) cells (38.42 ± 1.53) than healthy (L-929) cells (6.11 ± 0.17) have shown that it can. In addition, the different behaviors of R/H-[99mTc]Tc confirmed the specificity of this newly developed radiopharmaceutical. Although these studies are preliminary, it has been concluded that [99mTc]Tc-GCH may be a candidate drug for use in nuclear medicine, particularly in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Ekinci
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals and Nanoradiopharmacy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; State University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Radiopharmacy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Derya İlem-Özdemir
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Ekinci M, Çalışkan EE, Çakar B, İlem-Özdemir D, Uyanıkgil Y, Çetin Uyanıkgil EÖ. [ 99mTc]Technetium-Labeled Niosomes: Radiolabeling, Quality Control, and In Vitro Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6279-6288. [PMID: 36844604 PMCID: PMC9948160 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop technetium-99m ([99mTc]Tc)-radiolabeled niosomes and evaluate the cancer cell incorporation capacity of radiolabeled niosomes. For this purpose, niosome formulations were developed by film hydration method, and prepared niosomes were characterized to particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), ζ-potential value, and image profile. Then, niosomes were radiolabeled with [99mTc]Tc using stannous salts (chloride) as a reducing agent. The radiochemical purity (RP) and stability in different mediums of the niosomes were assessed by ascending radioactive thin-layer chromatography (RTLC) and radioactive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (R-UPLC) methods. Also, the partition coefficient value of radiolabeled niosomes was determined. The cell incorporation of [99mTc]Tc-labeled niosome formulations, as well as reduced/hydrolyzed (R/H)-[99mTc]NaTcO4 in the HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells, was then assessed. According to the obtained results, the spherical niosomes had a particle size of 130.5 ± 1.364 nm, a PdI value of 0.250 ± 0.023, and a negative charge of -35.4 ± 1.06 mV. The niosome formulations were effectively radiolabeled with [99mTc]Tc using 500 μg mL-1 stannous chloride for 15 min, and RP was found to be over 95%. [99mTc]Tc-niosomes showed good in vitro stability in every system for up to 6 h. The log P value of radiolabeled niosomes was found as -0.66 ± 0.02. Compared to R/H-[99mTc]NaTcO4 (34.18 ± 1.56%), the incorporation percentages of [99mTc]Tc-niosomes (88.45 ± 2.54%) were shown to be higher in cancer cells. In conclusion, the newly developed [99mTc]Tc-niosomes showed good prototype for potential use in nuclear medicine imaging in the near future. However, further investigations, such as drug encapsulation and biodistribution studies, should be performed, and our studies are continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Ekinci
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emine Esin Çalışkan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Ege
University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Burak Çakar
- Faculty
of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Derya İlem-Özdemir
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yiğit Uyanıkgil
- Faculty
of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
- Health
Science Institute, Department of Stem Cell, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
- Cord
Blood, Cell and Tissue Research and Application Centre, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emel Öykü Çetin Uyanıkgil
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Ege
University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
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Radiolabeled methotrexate loaded chitosan nanoparticles as imaging probe for breast cancer: Biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ekinci M, Yeğen G, Aksu B, İlem-Özdemir D. Preparation and Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanoparticles Using the Quality by Design Approach. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33793-33807. [PMID: 36188287 PMCID: PMC9520550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate the potential use of poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PLA/PVA) nanoparticle formulations as a drug delivery system. The nanoparticle formulations were successfully developed by the double emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The developed formulations were optimized using the quality by design approach of the ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guideline. In the studies, the effects of emulsifying devices, evaporation technique, centrifugation effect, and polymer concentrations on the physicochemical parameters of the formulations were investigated to obtain the best results. Furthermore, the prepared formulations were evaluated for clarity, particle size, distribution, zeta potential, surface and morphological features, preparation efficiency, and long-term stability. Based on the obtained results, the nanoparticle formulation containing 12.5% PLA, 1% primer, and seconder PVA has a suitable particle size (181.7 ± 2.194 nm) and distribution (0.104 ± 0.049), zeta potential (-0.88 ± 0.45 mV), and high preparation efficiency (65.38%), and nanoparticles were spherical, had a smooth surface, and were stable up to 12 months. In conclusion, this novel formulation can be used as a potential drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Ekinci
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yeğen
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Altınbas University, Bakırköy, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Buket Aksu
- School
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Altınbas University, Bakırköy, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Derya İlem-Özdemir
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
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Investigation for anticancer activity of the newly synthesized p-Methoxyphenyl maleanilic acid and the diagnostic property of its 99mTc-analogue. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1344-1357. [PMID: 35254964 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The limitations of the current chemotherapeutics are the main rational to develop and/or explore new anticancer agents and radiolabeled analogues for cancer early diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The newly synthesized p-methoxyphenyl maleanilic acid (MPMA) was prepared, characterized and investigated for its anticancer activity. MPMA screened in-vitro against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. Furthermore, the in-vivo screening was performed by radiolabeling of MPMA with technetium-99m (99mTc) and investigating its biological distribution in normal mice and solid tumor models. Moreover, MPMA and its radiolabeled analogue were docked to Y220C and Y220S mutants of p53 (p53Y220C and p53Y220S) in an effort to confirm their affinity to cancer as well as to investigate, virtually, the mechanism of action of MPMA. RESULTS The results revealed significant potency of MPMA against HepG-2 cell line (IC50 = 56.2 ± 1.5 µg/mL) if compared to HCT-116 (IC50 = 89.9 ± 1.8 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC50 = 104 ± 2.7 µg/mL) cell lines. The radiolabeling yield was optimized to be 90.2 ± 2.1%. The radiolabeled MPMA showed a good localization in the site of solid tumor (15.1 ± 1.6%ID/g) at 2 h post intravenous administration to the tumor bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the findings confirmed the potential anticancer activity of MPMA and the possible use of 99mTc-MPMA for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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Ekinci M, Öztürk AA, Santos-Oliveira R, İlem-Özdemir D. The use of Lamivudine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in the diagnosis of lung cancer: Preparation, characterization, radiolabeling with 99mTc and cell binding. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ilem-Ozdemir D, Atlihan-Gundogdu E, Ekinci M, Halay E, Ay K, Karayildirim T, Asikoglu M. Radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of a new 5-fluorouracil derivative with cell culture studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:874-884. [PMID: 31495966 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The clinical impact and accessibility of 99m Tc tracers for cancer diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by the availability of a new, simple, and easy labeling process and radiopharmaceuticals. 5-Fluorouracil is an antitumor drug, which has played an important role for the treatment of breast carcinoma. In the present study, a new derivative of 5-Fluorouracil was synthesized as (1-[{1'-(1''-deoxy-2'',3'':4'',5''-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose-1''-yl)-1'H-1',2', 3'-triazol-4'-yl}methyl]-5-fluorouracil) (E) and radiolabeled with 99m Tc. It was analyzed by radio thin layer chromatography for quality control and stability. The radiolabeled complex was subjected to in vitro cell-binding studies to determine healthy and cancer cell affinity using HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, respectively. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies of compound E were performed with HaCaT and MCF-5 cells. The radiochemical purity of the [99m Tc]TcE was found to be higher than 90% at room temperature up to 6 hours. The radiolabeled complex showed higher specific binding to MCF-7 cells than HaCaT cells. IC50 values of E were found 31.5 ± 3.4 μM and 20.7 ± 2.77 μM for MCF-7 and HaCaT cells, respectively. The results demonstrated the potential of a new radiolabeled E with 99m Tc has selective for breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ilem-Ozdemir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | | | - Meliha Ekinci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Erkan Halay
- Scientific Analysis and Technological Application and Research Center, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ay
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Tamer Karayildirim
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Makbule Asikoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
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Portilho FL, Pinto SR, de Barros AODS, Helal-Neto E, Dos Santos SN, Bernardes ES, Ilem-Ozdemir D, Asikoglu M, Alencar LMR, Dos Santos CC, Ricci-Junior E, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Santos-Oliveira R. In loco retention effect of magnetic core mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with trastuzumab as intralesional nanodrug for breast cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S725-S733. [PMID: 30449175 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1508030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is women's most common type of cancer, with a global rate of over 522,000 deaths per year. One of the main problems related to breast cancer relies in the early detection, as the specialized treatment. In this direction was developed, characterized and tested in vivo a smart delivery system, based on radiolabelled magnetic core mesoporous silica doped with trastuzumab as intralesional nanodrug for breast cancer imaging and possible therapy. The results showed that nanoparticles had a size of 58.9 ± 8.1 nm, with specific surface area of 872 m2/g and pore volume of 0.85 cm3/g with a pore diameter of 3.15 nm. The magnetic core mesoporous silica was efficiently labelled with 99mTc (97.5% ±0.8) and doped >98%. The cytotoxicity assay, demonstrated they are safe to use. The data were corroborated with the IC50 result of: 829.6 µg ± 43.2. The biodistribution showed an uptake by the tumour of 7.5% (systemic via) and 97.37% (intralesional) with less than 3% of these nanoparticles absorbed by healthy tissues. In a period 6-h post-injection, no barrier delimited by the tumour was crossed, corroborating the use as intralesional nanodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Leal Portilho
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals , Zona Oeste State University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Suyene Rocha Pinto
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals , Zona Oeste State University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Aline Oliveira da Silva de Barros
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals , Zona Oeste State University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Edward Helal-Neto
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals , Zona Oeste State University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Sofia Nascimento Dos Santos
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Centro de Radiofarmacia , Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Centro de Radiofarmacia , Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Derya Ilem-Ozdemir
- d Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ege University , Bornova/Izmir , Turkey
| | - Makbule Asikoglu
- d Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ege University , Bornova/Izmir , Turkey
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- f Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) , Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- g Departamento de Química , Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,h CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- g Departamento de Química , Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,h CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- a Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission , Nuclear Engineering Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals , Zona Oeste State University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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