Effective removal of 60Co from high-salinity water by Ca–Mg phosphate sorbents

A novel sorbent based on Ti-Ca-Mg phosphates: synthesis, characterization, and sorption properties

This work focuses on the synthesis procedure of a new sorbent based on a TiCaMg phosphate. The synthesis strategy includes stepwise interaction between solid precursors and phosphorus-containing agents. The solid precursors were ammonium titanyl sulfate and calcined dolomite, which were used as titanium, calcium, and magnesium sources. The effect of the nature and concentration of phosphoric agent on the sorbent composition and properties has been investigated using elemental analysis, TG, XRD, IR spectroscopy, BET, and SEM techniques. The novel sorbent has been demonstrated to be a composite material consisting of the following components: TiO(OH)H₂PO₄·H₂O, Ti(HPO₄)₂·H₂O, CaHPO₄·2H₂O, MgНPO₄·3H₂O, and NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O. The ratio between these phases in the composite depends on synthesis conditions. The optimal conditions, ensuring full conversion of Ti, Ca, and Mg containing in the initial precursors into the final product, have been found. The sorption properties of the obtained composite sorbent towards Co²⁺, Cs⁺, and Sr²⁺ cations and their radionuclide analogues have been studied. The obtained data has indicated that the purification effect was based on both precipitation and ion exchange mechanism. The combined action of the individual components of the composite sorbent ensures its high sorption capacity towards different cations in a wide pH range. The new sorbent shows high sorption ability towards radionuclides in multicomponent liquid radioactive waste (LRW) systems, and the distribution coefficient of the studied radionuclides was found to be 10⁵ mL g^-1. The presence of different types of functional groups in the composite sorbent allows realizing the one-step purification process of LRW that, in turn, simplifies the sorption system design.