Sorption of 223Ra and 211Pb on modified nanodiamonds for potential application in radiotherapy

Utilization of nanotechnology in targeted radionuclide cancer therapy: monotherapy, combined therapy and radiosensitization

The rapid progress of nanomedicine field has a great influence on the different tumor therapeutic trends. It achieves a potential targeting of the therapeutic agent to the tumor site with neglectable exposure of the normal tissue. In nuclear medicine, nanocarriers have been employed for targeted delivery of therapeutic radioisotopes to the malignant tissues. This systemic radiotherapy is employed to overcome the external radiation therapy drawbacks. This review overviews studies concerned with investigation of different nanoparticles as promising carriers for targeted radiotherapy. It discusses the employment of different nanovehicles for achievement of the synergistic effect of targeted radiotherapy with other tumor therapeutic modalities such as hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Radiosensitization utilizing different nanosensitizer loaded nanoparticles has also been discussed briefly as one of the nanomedicine approach in radiotherapy.

Nanoparticles in Targeted Alpha Therapy

Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology application in nuclear medicine offer the promise of better therapeutic options. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made on developing nanoconstructs that can be used as carriers for immobilising alpha (α)-emitters in targeted drug delivery. In this publication, we provide a comprehensive overview of available information on functional nanomaterials for targeted alpha therapy. The first section describes why nanoconstructs are used for the synthesis of α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Next, we present the synthesis and summarise the recent studies demonstrating therapeutic applications of α-emitting labelled radiobioconjugates in targeted therapy. Finally, future prospects and the emerging possibility of therapeutic application of radiolabelled nanomaterials are discussed.

Current outlook on radionuclide delivery systems: from design consideration to translation into clinics

Radiopharmaceuticals have proven to be effective agents, since they can be successfully applied for both diagnostics and therapy. Effective application of relevant radionuclides in pre-clinical and clinical studies depends on the choice of a sufficient delivery platform. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the most relevant aspects in radionuclide delivery using the most employed carrier systems, including, (i) monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, (ii) organic and (iii) inorganic nanoparticles, and (iv) microspheres. This review offers an extensive analysis of radionuclide delivery systems, the approaches of their modification and radiolabeling strategies with the further prospects of their implementation in multimodal imaging and disease curing. Finally, the comparative outlook on the carriers and radionuclide choice, as well as on the targeting efficiency of the developed systems is discussed.