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Houson HA, Wu Z, Cao PLD, Lindsey JS, Lapi SE. Customizable Porphyrin Platform Enables Folate Receptor PET Imaging Using Copper-64. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2441-2455. [PMID: 38623055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Folate receptors including folate receptor α (FRα) are overexpressed in up to 90% of ovarian cancers. Ovarian cancers overexpressing FRα often exhibit high degrees of drug resistance and poor outcomes. A porphyrin chassis has been developed that is readily customizable according to the desired targeting properties. Thus, compound O5 includes a free base porphyrin, two water-solubilizing groups that project above and below the macrocycle plane, and a folate targeting moiety. Compound O5 was synthesized (>95% purity) and exhibited aqueous solubility of at least 0.48 mM (1 mg/mL). Radiolabeling of O5 with 64Cu in HEPES buffer at 37 °C gave a molar activity of 1000 μCi/μg (88 MBq/nmol). [64Cu]Cu-O5 was stable in human serum for 24 h. Cell uptake studies showed 535 ± 12% bound/mg [64Cu]Cu-O5 in FRα-positive IGROV1 cells when incubated at 0.04 nM. Subcellular fractionation showed that most radioactivity was associated with the cytoplasmic (39.4 ± 2.7%) and chromatin-bound nuclear (53.0 ± 4.2%) fractions. In mice bearing IGROV1 xenografts, PET imaging studies showed clear tumor uptake of [64Cu]Cu-O5 from 1 to 24 h post injection with a low degree of liver uptake. The tumor standardized uptake value at 24 h post injection was 0.34 ± 0.16 versus 0.06 ± 0.07 in the blocking group. In summary, [64Cu]Cu-O5 was synthesized at high molar activity, was stable in serum, exhibited high binding to FRα-overexpressing cells with high nuclear translocation, and gave uptake that was clearly visible in mouse tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Oncurie, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27608, United States
| | - Phuong-Lien Doan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Im C, Ahn JH, Farag AK, Kim S, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Park JA, Kang CM. Porphyrin-Based Brain Tumor-Targeting Agents: [ 64Cu]Cu-porphyrin and [ 64Cu]Cu-TDAP. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5856-5864. [PMID: 37851927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate a radioactive metal complex platform for brain tumor targeting. Herein, we introduce a new porphyrin derivative, 5,10,15,20-(tetra-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TDAP), in which four N,N-dimethyl-4-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) moieties are conjugated to the porphyrin labeled with the radiometal 64Cu. DMPD affected the pharmacokinetics of porphyrin in terms of retention time in vivo and tumor-targeting ability relative to those of unmodified porphyrin. [64Cu]Cu-TDAP showed stronger enhancement than [64Cu]Cu-porphyrin in U87MG glioblastoma cells, especially in the cytoplasm and nucleus, indicating its tumor-targeting properties and potential use as a therapeutic agent. In the subcutaneous and orthotopic models of brain-tumor-bearing mice, [64Cu]Cu-TDAP was clearly visualized in the tumor site via positron emission tomography imaging and showed a tumor-to-brain ratio as high as 13. [64Cu]Cu-TDAP deserves attention as a new diagnostic agent that is suitable for the early diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkeun Im
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Ahn
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ahmed K Farag
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- CDN isotopes, Toronto Research Chemicals, Montreal, Quebec H9R 1H1, Canada
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Korea
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Porphyrins as Chelating Agents for Molecular Imaging in Nuclear Medicine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103311. [PMID: 35630788 PMCID: PMC9148099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin ligands, showing a significant affinity for cancer cells, also have the ability to chelate metallic radioisotopes to form potential diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. They can be applied in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate metabolic changes in the human body for tumor diagnostics. The aim of this paper is to present a short overview of the main metallic radionuclides complexed by porphyrin ligands and used in these techniques. These chelation reactions are discussed in terms of the complexation conditions and kinetics and the complex stability.
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A Comparison of Uric Acid Optical Detection Using as Sensitive Materials an Amino-Substituted Porphyrin and Its Nanomaterials with CuNPs, PtNPs and Pt@CuNPs. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials consisting in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-amino-phenyl)-porphyrin (TAmPP) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), or both types (Pt@CuNPs) were obtained and tested for their capacity to optically detect uric acid from solutions. The introduction of diverse metal nanoparticles into the hybrid material proved their capacity to improve the detection range. The detection was monitored by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and differences between morphology of the materials were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hybrid material formed between porphyrin and PtNPs hasthe best and most stable response for uric acid detection in the range of 6.1958 × 10−6–1.5763 × 10−5 M, even in the presence of very high concentrations of the interference species present in human environment.
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Shahzad K, Majid ASA, Khan M, Iqbal MA, Ali A. Recent advances in the synthesis of (99mTechnetium) based radio-pharmaceuticals. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Technetium radionuclide (99mTc) has excellent extent of disintegration properties and occupies a special place in the field of nuclear medicinal chemistry and other health disciplines. Current review describes recent approaches of synthesis in detailed ways for radio-pharmaceuticals of technetium which have been developed to treat and diagnose the biotic disorders. These technetium labeled radio-pharmaceuticals have been established to apply in the field of diagnostic nuclear medicine especially for imaging of different body parts such as brain, heart, kidney, bones and so on, through single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that is thought to be difficult to image such organs by using common X-ray and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) techniques. This review highlights and accounts an inclusive study on the various synthetic routes of technetium labeled radio-pharmaceuticals using ligands with various donor atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus etc. These compounds can be utilized as next generation radio-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | | | - Mumtaz Khan
- Health Physics Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Asjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
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Jalilian AR, Osso JA, Vera-Araujo J, Kumar V, Harris MJ, Gutfilen B, Guérin B, Li H, Zhuravlev F, Chakravarty R, Alirezapour B, Ávila-Rodríguez MA, Khan IU, Aljammaz I, Assaad T, Luurtsema G, Smith J, Duatti A. IAEA contribution to the development of 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals for theranostic applications. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:338-345. [PMID: 33026211 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper-64 is a very attractive radioisotope with unique nuclear properties that allow using it as both a diagnostic and therapeutic agent, thus providing an almost ideal example of a theranostic radionuclide. A characteristic of Cu-64 stems from the intrinsic biological nature of copper ions that play a fundamental role in a large number of cellular processes. Cu-64 is a radionuclide that reflects the natural biochemical pathways of Cu-64 ions, therefore, can be exploited for the detection and therapy of certain malignancies and metabolic diseases. Beside these applications of Cu-64 ions, this radionuclide can be also used for radiolabelling bifunctional chelators carrying a variety of pharmacophores for targeting different biological substrates. These include peptide-based substrates and immunoconjugates as well as small-molecule bioactive moieties. Fueled by the growing interest of Member States (MS) belonging to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) community, a dedicated Coordinated Research Project (CRP) was initiated in 2016, which recruited thirteen participating MS from four continents. Research activities and collaborations between the participating countries allowed for collection of an impressive series of results, particularly on the production, preclinical evaluation and, in a few cases, clinical evaluation of various 64Cu-radiopharmaceuticals that may have potential impact on future development of the field. Since this CRP was finalized at the beginning of 2020, this short review summarizes outcomes, outputs and results of this project with the purpose to propagate to other MS and to the whole scientific community, some of the most recent achievements on this novel class of theranostic 64Cu-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria -
| | - Joao A Osso
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vera-Araujo
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Centre d'Excellence en Imagerie Médicale (CIMUS), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Hongyu Li
- China Isotope and Radiation Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Fedor Zhuravlev
- Hevesy Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark (DTU HEALTH TECH), Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Division of Radiopharmaceuticals, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Behrouz Alirezapour
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Miguel A Ávila-Rodríguez
- Unit of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals, Division of Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irfan U Khan
- Division of Cyclotron and Allied Radiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Aljammaz
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thaer Assaad
- Department of Radioisotope, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeff Smith
- MU School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Aggarwal A, Samaroo D, Jovanovic IR, Singh S, Tuz MP, Mackiewicz MR. Porphyrinoid-based photosensitizers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: An update. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based molecules are actively studied as dual function theranostics: fluorescence-based imaging for diagnostics and fluorescence-guided therapeutic treatment of cancers. The intrinsic fluorescent and photodynamic properties of the bimodal molecules allows for these theranostic approaches. Several porphyrinoids bearing both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic units at their periphery have been developed for the aforementioned applications, but better tumor selectivity and high efficacy to destroy tumor cells is always a key setback for their use. Another issue related to their effective clinical use is that, most of these chromophores form aggregates under physiological conditions. Nanomaterials that are known to possess incredible properties that cannot be achieved from their bulk systems can serve as carriers for these chromophores. Porphyrinoids, when conjugated with nanomaterials, can be enabled to perform as multifunctional nanomedicine devices. The integrated properties of these porphyrinoid-nanomaterial conjugated systems make them useful for selective drug delivery, theranostic capabilities, and multimodal bioimaging. This review highlights the use of porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines as well as their multifunctional nanodevices in various biomedical theranostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Diana Samaroo
- New York City College of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 285 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Sunaina Singh
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Michelle Paola Tuz
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
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