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Kurdadze T, Lamadie F, Nehme KA, Teychené S, Biscans B, Rodriguez-Ruiz I. On-Chip Photonic Detection Techniques for Non-Invasive In Situ Characterizations at the Microfluidic Scale. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1529. [PMID: 38475065 DOI: 10.3390/s24051529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged as a robust technology for diverse applications, ranging from bio-medical diagnostics to chemical analysis. Among the different characterization techniques that can be used to analyze samples at the microfluidic scale, the coupling of photonic detection techniques and on-chip configurations is particularly advantageous due to its non-invasive nature, which permits sensitive, real-time, high throughput, and rapid analyses, taking advantage of the microfluidic special environments and reduced sample volumes. Putting a special emphasis on integrated detection schemes, this review article explores the most relevant advances in the on-chip implementation of UV-vis, near-infrared, terahertz, and X-ray-based techniques for different characterizations, ranging from punctual spectroscopic or scattering-based measurements to different types of mapping/imaging. The principles of the techniques and their interest are discussed through their application to different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kurdadze
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, Marcoule, France
| | - Fabrice Lamadie
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, Marcoule, France
| | - Karen A Nehme
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, UMR 5503, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Teychené
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, UMR 5503, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Biscans
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, UMR 5503, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Isaac Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, UMR 5503, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse, France
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Ramamoorthy RK, Yildirim E, Rodriguez-Ruiz I, Roblin P, Lacroix LM, Diaz A, Parmar R, Teychené S, Viau G. Sub-millisecond microfluidic mixers coupled to time-resolved in situ photonics to study ultra-fast reaction kinetics: the case of ultra-small gold nanoparticle synthesis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:327-338. [PMID: 38088259 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a continuous microreactor platform achieving sub-millisecond homogeneous reagent mixing (∼300 μs) for a time-resolved study on the synthesis of ultra-small gold nanoparticles (NPs). The microreactor (coupled with small angle X-ray scattering, UV-vis, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for in situ and in operando characterizations), operates within mixing time frames below system characteristic times, providing a unique opportunity to deepen the comprehension of reaction and phase transition pathways with unprecedented details. The microreactor channel length can be approximated to a given reaction time when operated in continuous mode and steady state. As a result, the system can be statically investigated, eliminating technique-dependent probing time constraints and local inhomogeneities caused by mixing issues. We have studied Au(0) NP formation kinetics from Au(III) precursors complexed with oleylamine in organic media, using triisopropylsilane as a reducing agent. The existence of Au(III)/Au(I) prenucleation clusters and the formation of a transient Au(I) lamellar phase under certain conditions, before the onset of Au(0) formation, have been observed. Taking advantage of the high frequency time-resolved information, we propose and model two different reaction pathways associated with the presence or absence of the Au(I) lamellar phase. In both cases, non-classical pathways leading to the formation of NPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Ramamoorthy
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INP, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- Fédération de Recherche FeRMAT, CNRS, INP, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ezgi Yildirim
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Isaac Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INP, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INP, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lise-Marie Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 103 boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rohan Parmar
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INP, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Sébastien Teychené
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INP, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Guillaume Viau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets UMR 5215 INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
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Study of PDMS Microchannels for Liquid Crystalline Optofluidic Devices in Waveguiding Photonic Systems. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microchannels in LC:PDMS structures must be of good quality and suitable geometry to achieve the desired orientation of the liquid crystalline molecules inside. When applying a casting technique, with the molds obtained even by the most accurate method, i.e., photolithography, it is still crucial to inspect the cross-section of the structure and the surface roughness of the PDMS material. This paper presents a study of PDMS microchannels using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to make such a characterization as accurate as possible. By comparing images of the samples taken using standard polarized light microscopy and SEM, it is likely to understand the mechanism of the liquid crystal molecular orientation occurring in the samples. The results obtained in this work may be used for numerical simulations and further development of LC:PDMS structures.
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Mattio E, Caleyron A, Miguirditchian M, Lines AM, Bryan SA, Lackey HE, Rodriguez-Ruiz I, Lamadie F. Microfluidic In-Situ Spectrophotometric Approaches to Tackle Actinides Analysis in Multiple Oxidation States. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:580-589. [PMID: 35108115 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211063916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study and development of present and future processes for the treatment/recycling of spent nuclear fuels require many steps, from design in the laboratory to setting up on an industrial scale. In all of these steps, analysis and instrumentation are key points. For scientific reasons (small-scale studies, control of phenomena, etc.) but also with regard to minimizing costs, risks, and waste, such developments are increasingly carried out on milli- or microfluidic devices. The logic is the same for the chemical analyses associated with their follow-up and interpretation. Due to this, over the last few years, opto-microfluidic analysis devices adapted to the monitoring of different processes (dissolution, liquid-liquid extraction, precipitation, etc.) have been increasingly designed and developed. In this work, we prove that photonic lab-on-a-chip (PhLoC) technology is fully suitable for all actinides concentration monitoring along the plutonium uranium refining extraction (plutonium, uranium, reduction, extraction, or Purex) process. Several PhLoC microfluidic platforms were specifically designed and used in different nuclear research and development (R&D) laboratories, to tackle actinides analysis in multiple oxidation states even in mixtures. The detection limits reached (tens of µmol·L-1) are fully compliant with on-line process monitoring, whereas a range of analyzable concentrations of three orders of magnitude can be covered with less than 150 µL of analyte. Finally, this work confirms the possibility and the potential of coupling Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies at the microfluidic scale, opening the perspective of measuring very complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mattio
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, 27053Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | - Audrey Caleyron
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, 27053Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | - Amanda M Lines
- 6865Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Samuel A Bryan
- 6865Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hope E Lackey
- 6865Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Fabrice Lamadie
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, 27053Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
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Onofri FRA, Rodriguez-Ruiz I, Lamadie F. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip characterization of nano- to microparticles suspensions by light extinction spectrometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2981-2990. [PMID: 35209427 DOI: 10.1364/oe.444044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of nano- and microparticle suspensions with micro systems affords improved space-time yields, selectivity, reaction residence times and conversions capabilities. These capabilities are of primary importance in various fields of research and industry. The few microfluidic lab-on-a-chip approaches that have been developed are essentially designed to analyse fluid phases or involve the use of benchtop particle sizing instruments. We report a novel microscale approach to characterize the particle size distribution and absolute concentration of colloidal suspensions. The method is based on a photonic lab-on-a-chip with three scale-specific detection channels to record simultaneous light extinction spectra. Experiments carried out on particle standards with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 0.5 µm and volume concentrations of 1 to 1000ppm, clearly demonstrate the value and potential of the proposed method.
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Clifford AJ, Lackey HE, Nelson GL, Bryan SA, Lines AM. Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Analysis for Speciation and Quantitative Analysis of Aqueous Phosphoric Acid Systems. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5890-5896. [PMID: 33780245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex chemical systems that exhibit varied and matrix-dependent speciation are notoriously difficult to monitor and characterize online and in real-time. Optical spectroscopy is an ideal tool for in situ characterization of chemical species that can enable quantification as well as species identification. Chemometric modeling, a multivariate method, has been successfully paired with optical spectroscopy to enable measurement of analyte concentrations even in complex solutions where univariate methods such as Beer's law analysis fail. Here, Raman spectroscopy is used to quantify the concentration of phosphoric acid and its three deprotonated forms during a titration. In this system, univariate approaches would be difficult to apply due to multiple species being present simultaneously within the solution as the pH is varied. Locally weighted regression (LWR) modeling was used to determine phosphate concentration from spectral signature. LWR results, in tandem with multivariate curve resolution modeling, provide a direct measurement of the concentration of each phosphate species using only the Raman signal. Furthermore, results are presented within the context of fundamental solution chemistry, including Pitzer equations, to compensate for activity coefficients and nonidealities associated with high ionic strength systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Clifford
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hope E Lackey
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gilbert L Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Idaho, Caldwell, Idaho 83605, United States
| | - Samuel A Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amanda M Lines
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Nelson GL, Lackey HE, Bello JM, Felmy HM, Bryan HB, Lamadie F, Bryan SA, Lines AM. Enabling Microscale Processing: Combined Raman and Absorbance Spectroscopy for Microfluidic On-Line Monitoring. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1643-1651. [PMID: 33337856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics have many potential applications including characterization of chemical processes on a reduced scale, spanning the study of reaction kinetics using on-chip liquid-liquid extractions, sample pretreatment to simplify off-chip analysis, and for portable spectroscopic analyses. The use of in situ characterization of process streams from laboratory-scale and microscale experiments on the same chemical system can provide comprehensive understanding and in-depth analysis of any similarities or differences between process conditions at different scales. A well-characterized extraction of Nd(NO3)3 from an aqueous phase of varying NO3- (aq) concentration with tributyl phosphate (TBP) in dodecane was the focus of this microscale study and was compared to an earlier laboratory-scale study utilizing counter current extraction equipment. Here, we verify that this same extraction process can be followed on the microscale using spectroscopic methods adapted for microfluidic measurement. Concentration of Nd (based on UV-vis) and nitrate (based on Raman) was chemometrically measured during the flow experiment, and resulting data were used to determine the distribution ratio for Nd. Extraction distributions measured on the microscale were compared favorably with those determined on the laboratory scale in the earlier study. Both micro-Raman and micro-UV-vis spectroscopy can be used to determine fundamental parameters with significantly reduced sample size as compared to traditional laboratory-scale approaches. This leads naturally to time, cost, and waste reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert L Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, Idaho 83605, United States
| | - Hope E Lackey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Job M Bello
- Spectra Solutions Incorporated, 1502 Providence Highway, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062-4643, United States
| | - Heather M Felmy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hannah B Bryan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Fabrice Lamadie
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, SA2I, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, Marcoule, France
| | - Samuel A Bryan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amanda M Lines
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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