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Rangegowda RD, Shesha S, Erathimmaiah S, Jadiyappa S, Mugalgaon RS. Radon activity and their radiological doses in drinking water of Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2542-2547. [PMID: 38126848 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, radon activity concentration, inhalation and ingestion doses due to intake of radon in drinking water have been estimated in the Chitradurga district drinking water by using radon Emanometry technique. The average radon concentrations vary from 1.81 ± 0.11 to 300.33 ± 4.56 Bql-1 with a mean value of 56.01 ± 2.44 Bql-1. Most of the radon concentration levels are within the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) commission recommended level of 100 Bql-1. About 70% of the drinking water had radon concentration level higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommended Maximum Contamination Limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bql-1. The annual ingestion dose varies from 0.38 to 63.03 μSvy-1 with an average value of 11.75 μSvy-1. The estimated annual ingestion dose is well within the WHO recommended reference level of 100 μSvy-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangaswamy D Rangegowda
- Department of Physics, PES University, Hosur Road, Electronic City, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Suresh Shesha
- Department of Physics, M.P.E Society's S.D.M Degree College, Honnavar, Karnataka 581334, India
| | | | - Sannappa Jadiyappa
- Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga 577451, India
| | - Rajesh S Mugalgaon
- Department of Studies and Research in Physics, Smt. V.G. College for Women Kalaburagi, Karnataka 585103, India
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Alam MS, Siraz MMM, A M J, Das SC, Bradley DA, Khandaker MU, Tokonami S, Shelley A, Yeasmin S. A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286267. [PMID: 37220107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radon (222Rn), an inert gas, is considered a silent killer due to its carcinogenic characteristics. Dhaka city is situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, which is regarded as the lifeline of Dhaka city because it serves as a significant source of the city's water supply for domestic and industrial purposes. Thirty water samples (10 tap water from Dhaka city and 20 surface samples from the Buriganga River) were collected and analyzed using a RAD H2O accessory for 222Rn concentration. The average 222Rn concentration in tap and river water was 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L and 0.68 ± 0.29 Bq/L, respectively. All the values were found below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/L set by the USEPA, the WHO-recommended safe limit of 100 Bq/L, and the UNSCEAR suggested range of 4-40 Bq/L. The mean values of the total annual effective doses due to inhalation and ingestion were calculated to be 9.77 μSv/y and 4.29 μSv/y for tap water and river water, respectively. Although all these values were well below the permissible limit of 100 μSv/y proposed by WHO, they cannot be neglected because of the hazardous nature of 222Rn, especially considering their entry to the human body via inhalation and ingestion pathways. The obtained data may serve as a reference for future 222Rn-related works.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair A M
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S C Das
- Institute of Nuclear Minerals, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Afroza Shelley
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Study of indoor radon, thoron and their decay products level in residences of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lima-Flores A, Castaño VM, Golzarri JI, Chavarría-Sánchez AC, Espinosa G. Radon in drinking water in Mexico City. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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