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Wani AK, Chopra C, Ansari MA, Dar MA, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Singh R. Characterization of thermostable carboxypeptidase from high-altitude hot spring metagenome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133974. [PMID: 39029824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the metagenome of the Pir Panjal Hot Spring (PPHS) to identify thermostable hydrolases. The carboxypeptidase (CarP) gene was successfully amplified and cloned into Escherichia coli DH5-α cells, followed by expression in E. coli BL21-DE3 cells. The CarP enzyme was comprehensively characterized in vitro. Sequencing analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a functional protein of 504 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 58.65 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.81. The CarP protein was purified using Ni-His affinity chromatography, and the experimental molecular weight matched in silico predictions. The enzyme exhibited significant thermostability and alkaliphilic properties, with optimal activity at 70 °C and pH 10.0. Additionally, the presence of Zn+2 ions at concentrations of 5 and 10 mmol/L enhanced protease activity by 1.4 and 1.5-fold, respectively. This study reports the discovery of a novel, multifunctional, and thermostable CarP from hot-spring metagenomes. The enzyme's stability against high temperatures, metal ions, surfactants, and inhibitors, along with its specific substrate interactions, highlights its potential for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudasir A Dar
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, 212013, China
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, SP 08230-030, Brazil.
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India.
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Chakan MR, Mir RR, Nazir S, Mohi U Din M, Simnani S, Masood S. Radiological assessment of radon in groundwater of the northernmost Kashmir Basin, northwestern Himalaya. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:359. [PMID: 39093343 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the radon concentration in groundwater in Kupwara, the northernmost district of the Kashmir valley. It further assesses the annual effective dose experienced by the district's diverse population-infants, children, and adults-attributable to both inhalation of airborne radon released from drinking water and direct ingestion. In addition to this, the calculation of gamma dose rate is also carried out at each of the sampling site of radon. A portable radon-thoron monitor and a portable gamma radiation detector were respectively employed to estimate the activity concentration of radon in water samples and to measure the gamma dose rate. The radon concentration was found to exhibit variability from a minimum of 2.9 BqL-1 to a maximum of 197.2 BqL-1, with a mean of 26.3 BqL-1 and a standard deviation of 23.3 BqL-1. From a total of 85 samples, 10.6% of the samples had radon activity concentrations exceeding the permissible limits of 40 BqL-1 set by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiations as reported by UNSCEAR (Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, 2008) and only 1.2% of the samples have radon activity concentration exceeding the permissible limits of 100 BqL-1 set by the World Health Organization as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008). The mean of the annual effective dose due to inhalation for all age groups as well as the annual ingestion dose for infants and children, surpasses the World Health Organization's limit of 100 μSv y-1 as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008). The observed gamma radiation dose rate in the vicinity of groundwater radon sites ranged from a minimum of 138 nSv h-1 to a maximum of 250 nSv h-1. The data indicated no significant correlation between the dose rate of gamma radiation and the radon levels in the groundwater. Radon concentration of potable water in the study area presents a non-negligible exposure pathway for residents. Therefore, the judicious application of established radon mitigation techniques is pivotal to minimize public health vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiq Chakan
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ramees R Mir
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Salik Nazir
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Mehak Mohi U Din
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shakeel Simnani
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Masood
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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Rangegowda RD, Shesha S, Erathimmaiah S, Jadiyappa S, Mugalgaon RS. Radon activity and their radiological doses in drinking water of Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2542-2547. [PMID: 38126848 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, radon activity concentration, inhalation and ingestion doses due to intake of radon in drinking water have been estimated in the Chitradurga district drinking water by using radon Emanometry technique. The average radon concentrations vary from 1.81 ± 0.11 to 300.33 ± 4.56 Bql-1 with a mean value of 56.01 ± 2.44 Bql-1. Most of the radon concentration levels are within the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) commission recommended level of 100 Bql-1. About 70% of the drinking water had radon concentration level higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommended Maximum Contamination Limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bql-1. The annual ingestion dose varies from 0.38 to 63.03 μSvy-1 with an average value of 11.75 μSvy-1. The estimated annual ingestion dose is well within the WHO recommended reference level of 100 μSvy-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangaswamy D Rangegowda
- Department of Physics, PES University, Hosur Road, Electronic City, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Suresh Shesha
- Department of Physics, M.P.E Society's S.D.M Degree College, Honnavar, Karnataka 581334, India
| | | | - Sannappa Jadiyappa
- Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga 577451, India
| | - Rajesh S Mugalgaon
- Department of Studies and Research in Physics, Smt. V.G. College for Women Kalaburagi, Karnataka 585103, India
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Alam MS, Siraz MMM, A M J, Das SC, Bradley DA, Khandaker MU, Tokonami S, Shelley A, Yeasmin S. A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286267. [PMID: 37220107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radon (222Rn), an inert gas, is considered a silent killer due to its carcinogenic characteristics. Dhaka city is situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, which is regarded as the lifeline of Dhaka city because it serves as a significant source of the city's water supply for domestic and industrial purposes. Thirty water samples (10 tap water from Dhaka city and 20 surface samples from the Buriganga River) were collected and analyzed using a RAD H2O accessory for 222Rn concentration. The average 222Rn concentration in tap and river water was 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L and 0.68 ± 0.29 Bq/L, respectively. All the values were found below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/L set by the USEPA, the WHO-recommended safe limit of 100 Bq/L, and the UNSCEAR suggested range of 4-40 Bq/L. The mean values of the total annual effective doses due to inhalation and ingestion were calculated to be 9.77 μSv/y and 4.29 μSv/y for tap water and river water, respectively. Although all these values were well below the permissible limit of 100 μSv/y proposed by WHO, they cannot be neglected because of the hazardous nature of 222Rn, especially considering their entry to the human body via inhalation and ingestion pathways. The obtained data may serve as a reference for future 222Rn-related works.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair A M
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S C Das
- Institute of Nuclear Minerals, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Afroza Shelley
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rani S, Kansal S, Singla AK, Mehra R. Radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon in water of Barnala district, Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5011-5024. [PMID: 34173905 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various research studies have shown that exposure to radon gas is a cause of concern for health effects to the public. The present work has been carried out for the radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon isotopes in drinking water of Barnala district of Punjab, India, for the first time using scintillation-based radiation detector. A total of 100 samples were collected from different sources of water (canal and underground water) from 25 villages on grid pattern of 6 × 6 km2 in the study area for uniform mapping. In situ measurements were carried out to find out Rn-222 concentration in water samples. The measured values have been found to vary from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 9.84 ± 0.59 BqL-1 with an average value of 3.37 ± 0.29 BqL-1, which is well below the recommended limit of 100 BqL-1(WHO 2004). The annual effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation of radon has also been calculated for various age groups like infants, children and adults to understand the age-wise dose distribution. The calculated values suggest that there is no significant health risk to the general public from radon in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rani
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sandeep Kansal
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singla
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India
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Radiological risk assessment due to attached/unattached fractions of radon and thoron progeny in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li P, Sun Q, Tang S, Li D, Yang T. Effect of heat treatment on the emission rate of radon from red sandstone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62174-62184. [PMID: 34185268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature and pore structure are important factors affecting the emission rate of radon in rocks. This study mainly focused on the correlation between radon emission rate and temperature in red sandstone. The results showed that in the temperature range of 25-400 °C, as the temperature increased, the connectivity of the internal pores of the sample became better, resulting in a significantly increased radon emission rate. The radon emission rate at 400 °C was 2.86 times the original. To explain the changes that occurred in the internal structure of the samples, the porosity characteristics of the samples after heat treatment were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was found that the pore structure was also an important factor affecting the rate of radon emission. The smaller pore size of the micropores (r < 0.1 μm) inhibited the emission of radon in the sandstone. These results helped in understanding the mechanism of radon emission rate and provide an important basis for predicting rock fragmentation and coal fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi'an, 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shengli Tang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Delu Li
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Natural radioactivity in springs of Sverdlovsk region, Middle Urals, Russia. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nazir S, Sahoo BK, Rani S, Masood S, Mishra R, Ahmad N, Rashid I, Zahoor Ahmad S, Simnani S. Radon mapping in groundwater and indoor environs of Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singla AK, Kansal S, Mehra R. Dose distribution to individual tissues and organs due to exposure of alpha energies from radon and thoron to local population of Hanumangarh, Rajasthan, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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