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Ioannidis I, Pashalidis I, Raptopoulos G, Paraskevopoulou P. Radioactivity/Radionuclide (U-232 and Am-241) Removal from Waters by Polyurea-Crosslinked Alginate Aerogels in the Sub-Picomolar Concentration Range. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030211. [PMID: 36975660 PMCID: PMC10048139 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The removal of radionuclide/radioactivity from laboratory and environmental water samples under ambient conditions was investigated via batch-type experiments using polyurea-crosslinked calcium alginate (X-alginate) aerogels. Water samples were contaminated with traces of U-232 and Am-241. The removal efficiency of the material depends strongly on the solution pH; it is above 80% for both radionuclides in acidic solutions (pH 4), while it decreases at about 40% for Am-241 and 25% for U-232 in alkaline solutions (pH 9). This is directly associated with the presence of the radionuclide species in each case; the cationic species UO22+ and Am3+ prevail at pH 4, and the anionic species UO2(CO3)34– and Am(CO3)2− prevail at pH 9. Adsorption on X-alginate aerogels is realized by coordination of cationic species on carboxylate groups (replacing Ca2+) or other functional groups, i.e., –NH and/or –OH. In environmental water samples, i.e., ground water, wastewater and seawater, which are alkaline (pH around 8), the removal efficiency for Am-241 is significantly higher (45–60%) compared to that for U-232 (25–30%). The distribution coefficients (Kd) obtained for the sorption of Am-241 and U-232 by X-alginate aerogels are around 105 L/kg, even in environmental water samples, indicating a strong sorption affinity of the aerogel material for the radionuclides. The latter, along with their stability in aqueous environments, make X-alginate aerogels attractive candidates for the treatment of radioactive contaminated waters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the removal of americium from waters using aerogels and the first investigation of adsorption efficiency of an aerogel material at the sub-picomolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ioannidis
- Laboratory of Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia Cy-1678, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Pashalidis
- Laboratory of Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia Cy-1678, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (P.P.)
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Georgiou E, Raptopoulos G, Anastopoulos I, Giannakoudakis DA, Arkas M, Paraskevopoulou P, Pashalidis I. Uranium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Aerogel-Based Adsorbents-A Critical Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020363. [PMID: 36678117 PMCID: PMC9866664 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are a class of lightweight, nanoporous, and nanostructured materials with diverse chemical compositions and a huge potential for applications in a broad spectrum of fields. This has led the IUPAC to include them in the top ten emerging technologies in chemistry for 2022. This review provides an overview of aerogel-based adsorbents that have been used for the removal and recovery of uranium from aqueous environments, as well as an insight into the physicochemical parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency and mechanism. Uranium removal is of particular interest regarding uranium analysis and recovery, to cover the present and future uranium needs for nuclear power energy production. Among the methods used, such as ion exchange, precipitation, and solvent extraction, adsorption-based technologies are very attractive due to their easy and low-cost implementation, as well as the wide spectrum of adsorbents available. Aerogel-based adsorbents present an extraordinary sorption capacity for hexavalent uranium that can be as high as 8.8 mol kg−1 (2088 g kg−1). The adsorption data generally follow the Langmuir isotherm model, and the kinetic data are in most cases better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. An evaluation of the thermodynamic data reveals that the adsorption is generally an endothermic, entropy-driven process (ΔH0, ΔS0 > 0). Spectroscopic studies (e.g., FTIR and XPS) indicate that the adsorption is based on the formation of inner-sphere complexes between surface active moieties and the uranyl cation. Regeneration and uranium recovery by acidification and complexation using carbonate or chelating ligands (e.g., EDTA) have been found to be successful. The application of aerogel-based adsorbents to uranium removal from industrial processes and uranium-contaminated waste waters was also successful, assuming that these materials could be very attractive as adsorbents in water treatment and uranium recovery technologies. However, the selectivity of the studied materials towards hexavalent uranium is limited, suggesting further developments of aerogel materials that could be modified by surface derivatization with chelating agents (e.g., salophen and iminodiacetate) presenting high selectivity for uranyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Georgiou
- Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostakii Campus, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | | | - Michael Arkas
- Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pashalidis
- Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus
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Georgiou E, Pashalidis I, Raptopoulos G, Paraskevopoulou P. Efficient Removal of Polyvalent Metal Ions (Eu(III) and Th(IV)) from Aqueous Solutions by Polyurea-Crosslinked Alginate Aerogels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080478. [PMID: 36005078 PMCID: PMC9407238 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The removal of polyvalent metal ions Eu(III) and Th(IV) from aqueous solutions using polyurea-crosslinked calcium alginate (X-alginate) aerogels has been investigated by batch-type experiments under ambient conditions and pH 3. The material presents relatively high sorption capacity for Eu(III) (550 g kg−1) and Th(IV) (211 g kg−1). The lower sorption capacity for Th(IV) compared to Eu(III) is attributed to the net charge of the dominant species in solution under the given experimental conditions, which is Eu3+ for Eu(III), and Th(OH)22+ and Th(OH)3+ for Th(IV). Generally, the sorption is an endothermic and entropy-driven process, and it follows the Langmuir isotherm model. According to the FTIR spectra, sorption occurs via formation of inner-sphere complexes between the surface functional groups and the f-metal cationic species. The presence of europium and thorium in the adsorbent material was confirmed and quantified with EDS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an aerogel material used as an adsorbent for Eu(III). Compared to other materials used for the sorption of the specific ions, which are mostly carbon-based, X-alginate aerogels show by far the highest sorption capacity. Regarding Th(IV) uptake, X-alginate aerogels show the highest capacity per volume (27.9 g L−1) among the aerogels reported in the literature. Both Eu(III) and Th(IV) could be recovered from the beads by 65% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, Th(VI) could also be quantitatively removed from wastewater, while Eu(III) could be removed by 20%. The above, along with their stability in aqueous environments, make X-alginate aerogels attractive candidates for water treatment and metal recovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Georgiou
- Laboratory of Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Cy-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Ioannis Pashalidis
- Laboratory of Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Cy-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (P.P.)
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Yousefipour K, Janitabar Darzi S, Iravani E. Schiff base-functionalized mesoporous titania: an efficient sorbent for the removal of radioactive thorium ions from aqueous solution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kong H, Chen Y, Yang G, Liu B, Guo L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wei G. Two-dimensional material-based functional aerogels for treating hazards in the environment: synthesis, functional tailoring, applications, and sustainability analysis. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:112-140. [PMID: 35044403 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a global problem that endangers human health and ecological balance. As a new type of functional material, two-dimensional material (2DM)-based aerogel is one of the most promising candidates for pollutant detection and environmental remediation. The porous, network-like, interconnected three-dimensional (3D) structure of 2DM-based aerogels can not only preserve the characteristics of the original 2DMs, but also bring many distinct physical and chemical properties to offer abundant active sites for adsorbing and combining pollutants, thereby facilitating highly efficient monitoring and treatment of hazardous pollutants. In this review, the synthesis methods of 2DM aerogels and their broad environmental applications, including various sensors, adsorbents, and photocatalysts for the detection and treatment of pollutants, are summarized and discussed. In addition, the sustainability of 2DM aerogels compared to other water purification materials, such as activated carbon, 2DMs, and other aerogels are analyzed by the Sustainability Footprint method. According to the characteristics of different 2DMs, special focuses and perspectives are given on the adsorption properties of graphene, MXene, and boron nitride aerogels, as well as the sensing and photocatalytic properties of transition metal dichalcogenide/oxide and carbon nitride aerogels. This comprehensive work introduces the synthesis, modification, and functional tailoring strategies of different 2DM aerogels, as well as their unique characteristics of adsorption, photocatalysis, and recovery, which will be useful for the readers in various fields of materials science, nanotechnology, environmental science, bioanalysis, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China.
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Rapid and efficient column separation of Re(VII) as a surrogate for Tc(VII) with benzimidazole-based cross-linked poly(ionic liquid)s. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Verma S, Kim KH. Graphene-based materials for the adsorptive removal of uranium in aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106944. [PMID: 34689036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ground water contamination by radioactive elements has become a critical issue that can pose significant threats to human health. Adsorption is the most promising approach for the removal of radioactive elements owing to its simplicity, effectiveness, and easy operation. Among the plethora of functional adsorbents, graphene oxide and its derivatives are recognized for their excellent potential as adsorbent with the unique 2D structure, high surface area, and intercalated functional groups. To learn more about their practical applicability, the procedures involved in their preparation and functionalization are described with the microscopic removal mechanism by GO functionalities across varying solution pH. The performance of these adsorbents is assessed further in terms of the basic performance metrics such as partition coefficient. Overall, this article is expected to provide valuable insights into the current status of graphene-based adsorbents developed for uranium removal with a guidance for the future directions in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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Li C, Liu X, Du X, Yang T, Li Q, Jin L. Preparation and optical properties of nanostructure thin films. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xie J, Dai Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Tao Q, Liu Y. Facile immobilization of NiFeAl-LDHs into electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) nanofibers for uranium adsorption. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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