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Peng D, Yu X, Li X, Sun A, Wang L, Wang T, Xu J. An automated parallel multi-channel chromatographic system for isotopic analysis - Demonstration considering Sr. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200905. [PMID: 36650901 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A fully automated, closed-column chromatographic system with parallel multi-channel has been developed. This system is established with seven reagent reservoirs, one multi-channel syringe pump, eight 10-port valves, forty sample tubes, 40 columns, and a fraction collection tray. Four samples can be purified simultaneously at a time, and 40 samples can be purified in one batch. Each sample can be purified by an independent channel, avoiding cross-contamination. The sample tubes can be flipped upside down for automatic cleaning, which eliminates the residue of samples. Moreover, the fraction collection tray can collect up to 104 different target components. The key performance of the system has been investigated. The results show that the sample tubes are well-cleaned, the bubble does not affect the chemical behavior of columns, the consistency of the parallel channels is excellent and the blank of the system is negligible. The system was demonstrated by the purification of Sr from reference materials (BCR-2, JB-2, JB-3, and NIST SRM 987). The recoveries of Sr are better than 89.4% and the blank of the whole procedure is less than 200 pg. The Sr isotope values agree well with the reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Peng
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Leran Wang
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jinyong Xu
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Xiao G, Jones RL. High-Throughput Determination of Ultratrace Actinides in Urine by In-Line Extraction Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (EC-ICP-MS). Anal Chem 2022; 94:18042-18049. [PMID: 36519576 PMCID: PMC9969411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Determining actinides in urine is vital for occupational exposure monitoring and radiological emergency response because of the toxicity and radiological dose effects of actinides on human health. Traditional radiochemistry analytical methods used to determine actinide concentrations in urine are time-consuming (sample analysis takes several days) and are hindered by a variety of technical and instrumentation-related obstacles. A high-throughput, fully automated, precise, and accurate in-line method was developed for determining five actinides (241Am, 239Pu, 237Np, 232Th, and 238U) at ng/L levels in urine using extraction chromatography combined with quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (EC-ICP-MS). In this method, the five actinides were successfully separated with the required sensitivity, peak shape, and resolution using a simplified single Eichrom TRU column with a Dionex ICS-5000 system. The separated actinides were subsequently injected into an in-line PerkinElmer (PE) NexION 300D ICP-MS for quantitative determination. The sample-to-sample run time was 23 min for automatic chemical separation and quantification using only 0.5 mL of urine. The limits of detection (LOD) obtained using this method were 0.015, 0.022, 0.039, 4.5, and 2.4 ng/L for 241Am, 239Pu, 237Np, 232Th, and 238U, respectively. The method routinely had a chemical yield of >84% as well as a linearity (R2) coefficient of ≥0.999 for the calibrators. The method proved to be rapid, reliable, and effective for actinide quantification in urine and therefore is appropriate for radiological emergency response incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Liu
- Battelle, Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of the Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ge Xiao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of the Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Robert L. Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of the Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Zhang H, Hou X, Qiao J, Lin J. Determination of 241Am in Environmental Samples: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144536. [PMID: 35889408 PMCID: PMC9315525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of 241Am in the environment is of importance in monitoring its release and assessing its environmental impact and radiological risk. This paper aims to give an overview about the recent developments and the state-of-art analytical methods for 241Am determination in environmental samples. Thorough discussions are given in this paper covering a wide range of aspects, including sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration methods, chemical separation techniques, source preparation, radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques, speciation analyses, and tracer applications. The paper focuses on some hyphenated separation methods based on different chromatographic resins, which have been developed to achieve high analytical efficiency and sample throughput for the determination of 241Am. The performances of different radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques for 241Am are evaluated and compared. Tracer applications of 241Am in the environment, including speciation analyses of 241Am, and applications in nuclear forensics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Jixin Qiao
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianfeng Lin
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.)
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Matsueda M, Yanagisawa K, Koarai K, Terashima M, Fujiwara K, Abe H, Kitamura A, Takagai Y. Online Solid-Phase Extraction-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry with Oxygen Dynamic Reaction for Quantification of Technetium-99. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19281-19290. [PMID: 34337265 PMCID: PMC8320326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of pg/L levels (i.e., 0.6 mBq/L) of radioactive technetium-99 (99Tc) was achieved within 15 min in the presence of isobaric and polyatomic interference sources such as ruthenium-99 (99Ru) and molybdenum hydride (98Mo1H) at 3-11 orders of magnitude higher concentrations. Online solid-phase extraction-inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) with oxygen (O2) dynamic reaction cell (online SPE-ICP-MS-DRC) was shown to be a thorough automatic analytical system, circumventing the need for human handling. At three stepwise separations (SPE-DRC-Q mass filters), we showed that interference materials allowed the coexistence of abundance ratios of 1.5 × 10-13 and 1.1 × 10-5 for 99Tc/Mo and 99Tc/Ru, respectively. A classical mathematical correction using the natural isotope ratio of 99Ru/102Ru was used to calculate the residues of 99Ru. Using this optimized system, a detection limit (DL; 3σ) of 99Tc was 9.3 pg/L (= 5.9 mBq/L) for a 50 mL injection and sequential measurements were undertaken at a cycle of 24 min/sample. For the measurement of a lower concentration of 99Tc, an AG1-X8 anion-exchange column was used to study 20 L of seawater. Its DL was approximately 1000 times greater than that of previous methods (70.0 fg/L). Thus, this method withstands coexistences of 5.8 × 10-18 and 3.5 × 10-9 for 99Tc/Mo and 99Tc/Ru, respectively. Spike and recovery tests were conducted for environmental samples; the resulting values showed good agreement with the spike applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsueda
- Faculty
of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- Collaborative
Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Kayo Yanagisawa
- Faculty
of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Kazuma Koarai
- Collaborative
Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Motoki Terashima
- Collaborative
Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Kenso Fujiwara
- Collaborative
Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hironobu Abe
- Collaborative
Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Collaborative
Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takagai
- Faculty
of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- Institute
of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima
University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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