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Sajwan RS, Joshi V, Kumar N, Ahamad T, Dutt S, Lavanya BSK. A study of 222Rn/220Rn exhalation rate and indoor 222Rn/220Rn levels in higher Himalayan terrain. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:1018-1026. [PMID: 39016494 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The noble radioactive gas radon and its isotope thoron dominate terrestrial radiation in the indoor environment. These gases eventually disintegrate generating radioactive ions that readily adhere to aerosol particles. This study was conducted in a tectonically active location with significant radon concentrations. The obtained average values of radon mass exhalation and thoron surface exhalation rate from this study are higher than the global average values of 56 mBq kg-1 h-1 and 1000 mBq m-2 s-1, respectively. As the exhalation rates are higher, naturally the average radon and thoron concentrations are also greater than the worldwide average values of 40 and 10 Bq m-3, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rate and indoor 222Rn/220Rn concentration. The exposure dose due to 222Rn, 220Rn and their progenies shows no significant health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh Sajwan
- Department of Chemistry, Alpine Institute of Management and Technology, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Veena Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, SRT Campus, Tehri 249199, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Geophysics Group, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33-GMS Road, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Taufiq Ahamad
- Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University, SRT Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjay Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, SRT Campus, Tehri 249199, India
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Chaudhury D, Sen U, Biswas S, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Assessment of Threshold Dose of Thoron Inhalation and Its Biological Effects by Mimicking the Radiation Doses in Monazite Placer Deposits Corresponding to the Normal, Medium and Very High Natural Background Radiation Areas. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2927-2941. [PMID: 36048359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The dose contributed from thoron (220Rn) and its progeny has been neglected in the dose assessment because of its short half-life (t1/2 = 55.6 s) and generally low concentrations. Recently, concentrations of 220Rn gas and its progeny were found to be pronounced in the traditional residential dwellings in China, on beaches of India and in other countries. Accordingly, we investigated the biological effects of thoron (220Rn) decay products in various mouse organs, succeeding inhalation of thoron gas in BALB/c mouse. We investigated the biological effects upon thoron inhalation on mouse organs with a focus on oxidative stress. These mice were divided into (4 random groups): sham inhalation, thoron inhalation for 1, 4 and 10 days. Various tissues (lung, liver and kidney) were then collected after the time points and subjected to various biochemical analyses. Immediately after inhalation, mouse tissues were excised for gamma spectrometry and 72 h post inhalation for biochemical assays. The gamma spectrometry counts and its subsequent calculation of the equivalent dose showed varied distribution in the lung, liver and kidney. Our results suggest that acute thoron inhalation showed a differential effect on the antioxidant function and exerted pathophysiological alterations via oxidative stress in organs at a higher dose. These findings suggested that thoron inhalation could alter the redox state in organs; however, its characteristics were dependent on the total redox system of the organs as well as the thoron concentration and inhalation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Chaudhury
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Utsav Sen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Siddhartha Biswas
- Department of Onco-Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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Jamir S, Sahoo BK, Mishra R, Sinha D. A case study on seasonal and annual average indoor radon, thoron, and their progeny level in Kohima district, Nagaland, India. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2023; 59:100-111. [PMID: 36328597 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2140147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Indoor radon and thoron survey has been carried out in 50 dwellings under Kohima district, Nagaland, India, using the latest measurement technology. The survey has been carried out for a one-year period in 3 different seasons, and the dwellings were selected according to the building materials used for construction. Indoor radon and thoron concentrations, as well as their progeny, followed a predictable pattern with greater levels in the winter and lower levels in the summer. Concrete housing had greater radon and thoron concentrations than bamboo and semi-wood/bamboo homes. The equilibrium factor (E.F.) and inhalation dose due to radon, thoron, and their corresponding progeny were also studied in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, BARC, Mumbai, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, BARC, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Dipak Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami, India
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Jamir S, Sahoo BK, Mishra R, Sinha D. A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON INDOOR RADON, THORON AND THEIR PROGENY LEVEL IN DIMAPUR DISTRICT OF NAGALAND, INDIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:853-861. [PMID: 35795923 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progeny concentrations were detected in several homes in Dimapur district, Nagaland, utilizing Direct Radon and Thoron progeny sensors based on solid-state Nuclear Track Detectors (Type-2 film) and pinhole type radon-thoron discriminating dosemeters. For three separate seasons, the annual inhalation dose has been determined in 80 residences in the research regions. The residences were chosen to have various types of housing, such as concrete, semi-wood/bamboo and bamboo, with varying levels of ventilation that contribute to indoor 222Rn, 220Rn and their progeny. The inhalation dose in the survey area lies between 0.33 and 3.04 mSvy-1 and is within the reference value as suggested by ICRP, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, BARC, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, BARC, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Dipak Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami, 798627, India
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Singh B, Kant K, Garg M. Radiological assessment of 222Rn, 220Rn, EERC, and EETC in residential dwellings of district Palwal, Southern Haryana, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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