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Képes Z, Barkóczi A, Szabó JP, Kálmán-Szabó I, Arató V, Garai I, Árkosy P, Jószai I, Deák Á, Kertész I, Hajdu I, Trencsényi G. In Vivo Assessments of Mesoblastic Nephroma (Ne/De) and Myelomonoblastic Leukaemia (My1/De) Tumour Development in Hypercholesterolemia Rat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113060. [PMID: 36361850 PMCID: PMC9656048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the rising prevalence of lipid metabolic disorders and malignant diseases, we aimed to establish an in vivo hypercholesterinaemic tumour-bearing rat model for the induction and assessment of these conditions. A normal standard CRLT/N, 2 (baseline),- or 4 (2 + 2, pretreated)-week-long butter and cholesterol rich (BCR) diet was applied to mesoblastic nephroma (Ne/De) and myelomonoblastic leukaemia (My1/De) tumour-bearing and healthy control Long—Evans and Fischer 344 rats. The beginning of chow administration started in parallel with tumour induction and the 2 weeks of pre-transplantation in the baseline and pretreated groups, respectively. Fourteen days post-inoculation, the measurement of lipid parameters and [18F]F-FDG PET/MRI examinations was executed. The comparable lipid status of baseline healthy and tumorous rats proves that regardless of tumour presence, BCR-based hypercholesterolemia was achieved. A higher tumour mass among pretreated tumorous animals was found when compared to the control groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Further, a visually greater [18F]F-FDG accumulation was observed in pretreated BCR tumorous animals; however, the quantitative data (SUVmean: 9.86 ± 0.98, 9.68 ± 1.24; SUVmax: 19.63 ± 1.20; 17.56 ± 3.21 for Ne/De and My1/De, respectively) were not statistically significantly different from those of the CRLT/N tumorous rats (SUVmean: 8.40 ± 1.42, 7.22 ± 1.06 and SUVmax: 15.99 ± 2.22, 12.46 ± 1.96 for control Ne/De and My1/De, respectively). Our model seems to be appropriate for simultaneously investigating hypercholesterolemia and cancer in the same rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Barkóczi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P. Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kálmán-Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Árkosy
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Jószai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Deák
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Hajdu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Feng S, Liu W, Zuo S, Xie T, Deng H, Zhang Q, Zhong B. Impaired function of the intestinal barrier in a novel sub-health rat model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3459-65. [PMID: 26957295 PMCID: PMC4805077 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-health is a state featuring a deterioration in physiological function between health and illness, and the sub-health condition has surfaced as life-threatening in humans. The aim of the present study was to establish a sub-health model in rats, and investigate the function of the intestinal barrier in the sub-health rats and rats following intervention. To establish a sub‑health model, the rats were subjected to a high‑fat and sugar diet, motion restriction and chronic stress. Their serum glucose and triglyceride levels, immune function and adaptability were then measured. The levels of diamine oxidase and D‑lactic acid in the plasma were analyzed as markers of the intestinal permeability. The protein and mRNA expression levels of anti‑apoptotic YWHAZ in the colonic tissue was detected using immunohistochemical and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses In the present study, the sub‑health rat model was successfully established, and sub‑health factors increased the intestinal permeability and reduced the expression of YWHAZ. Providing sub‑health rats with normal living conditions did not improve the function of the intestinal barrier. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that intestinal disorders in the sub‑health rat model may result from the damage caused by reduce intestinal barrier function as well as the decreased expression levels of YWHAZ. Additionally, rats in the sub‑health condition did not recover following subsequent exposure to normal living conditions, suggesting that certain exercises or medical intervention may be necessary to improve sub-health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Zuo
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tingyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Baiyun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Rengo JL, Callahan DM, Savage PD, Ades PA, Toth MJ. Skeletal muscle ultrastructure and function in statin-tolerant individuals. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:242-51. [PMID: 26059690 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins have well-known benefits on cardiovascular mortality, though up to 15% of patients experience side effects. With guidelines from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and American Diabetes Association expected to double the number of statin users, the overall incidence of myalgia and myopathy will increase. METHODS We evaluated skeletal muscle structure and contractile function at the molecular, cellular, and whole tissue levels in 12 statin tolerant and 12 control subjects. RESULTS Myosin isoform expression, fiber type distributions, single fiber maximal Ca(2+) -activated tension, and whole muscle contractile force were similar between groups. No differences were observed in myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics in myosin heavy chain I or IIA fibers. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for statin-induced changes in muscle morphology at the molecular, cellular, or whole tissue levels. Collectively, our data show that chronic statin therapy in healthy asymptomatic individuals does not promote deleterious myofilament structural or functional adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Rengo
- Department of Cardiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Damien M Callahan
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Patrick D Savage
- Department of Cardiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Philip A Ades
- Department of Cardiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Vincze J, Jenes Á, Füzi M, Almássy J, Németh R, Szigeti G, Dienes B, Gaál Z, Szentesi P, Jóna I, Kertai P, Paragh G, Csernoch L. Effects of fluvastatin and coenzyme Q10 on skeletal muscle in normo- and hypercholesterolaemic rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:263-74. [PMID: 25920381 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myalgia and muscle weakness may appreciably contribute to the poor adherence to statin therapy. Although the pathomechanism of statin-induced myopathy is not completely understood, changes in calcium homeostasis and reduced coenzyme Q10 levels are hypothesized to play important roles. In our experiments, fluvastatin and/or coenzyme Q10 was administered chronically to normocholesterolaemic or hypercholaestherolaemic rats, and the modifications of the calcium homeostasis and the strength of their muscles were investigated. While hypercholesterolaemia did not change the frequency of sparks, fluvastatin increased it on muscles both from normocholesterolaemic and from hypercholesterolaemic rats. This effect, however, was not mediated by a chronic modification of the ryanodine receptor as shown by the unchanged ryanodine binding in the latter group. While coenzyme Q10 supplementation significantly reduced the frequency of the spontaneous calcium release events, it did not affect their amplitude and spatial spread in muscles from fluvastatin-treated rats. This indicates that coenzyme Q10 supplementation prevented the spark frequency increasing effect of fluvastatin without having a major effect on the amount of calcium released during individual sparks. In conclusion, we have found that fluvastatin, independently of the cholesterol level in the blood, consistently and specifically increased the frequency of calcium sparks in skeletal muscle cells, an effect which could be prevented by the addition of coenzyme Q10 to the diet. These results support theories favouring the role of calcium handling in the pathophysiology of statin-induced myopathy and provide a possible pathway for the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 in statin treated patients symptomatic of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vincze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
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HMGB1 expression and muscle regeneration in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and degenerative joint diseases. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:255-62. [PMID: 25761565 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The High-Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a known nuclear protein which may be released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and the extracellular space. It is believed that the mobilized HMGB1 plays role in the autoimmune processes as an alarmin, stimulating the immune response. In addition, muscle regeneration and differentiation may also be altered in the inflammatory surroundings. Biopsy specimens derived from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) such as polymyositis or dermatomyositis were compared to muscle samples from patients undergoing surgical interventions for coxarthrosis. The biopsy and surgery specimens were used for Western blot analysis, for immunohistochemical detection of HMGB1 in histological preparations and for cell culturing to examine cell proliferation and differentiation. Our data show lower HMGB1 expression, impaired proliferation and slightly altered fusion capacity in the primary cell cultures started from IIM specimens than in cultures of coxarthrotic muscles. The ratio of regenerating muscle fibres with centralised nuclei (myotubes) is lower in the IIM samples than in the coxarthrotic ones but corticosteroid treatment shifts the ratio towards the coxarthrotic value. Our data suggest that the impaired regeneration capacity should also be considered to be behind the muscle weakness in IIM patients. The role of HMGB1 as a pathogenic signal requires further investigation.
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Mallinson JE, Marimuthu K, Murton A, Selby A, Smith K, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Rennie MJ, Greenhaff PL. Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression. J Physiol 2015; 593:1239-57. [PMID: 25620655 PMCID: PMC4358682 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Statins cause muscle‐specific side effects, most commonly muscle aches/weakness (myalgia), particularly in older people. Furthermore, evidence has linked statin use to increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms involved are unknown. This is the first study to measure muscle protein turnover rates and insulin sensitivity in statin myalgic volunteers and age‐matched, non‐statin users under controlled fasting and fed conditions using gold standard methods. We demonstrate in older people that chronic statin myalgia is not associated with deficits in muscle strength and lean mass or the dysregulation of muscle protein turnover compared to non‐statin users. Furthermore, there were no between‐group differences in blood or muscle inflammatory markers. Statin users did, however, show blunting of muscle power output at the onset of dynamic exercise, increased abdominal adiposity, whole body and leg insulin resistance, and clear differential expression of muscle genes linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, which warrant further investigation.
Abstract Statins are associated with muscle myalgia and myopathy, which probably reduce habitual physical activity. This is particularly relevant to older people who are less active, sarcopaenic and at increased risk of statin myalgia. We hypothesised that statin myalgia would be allied to impaired strength and work capacity in older people, and determined whether differences aligned with divergences in lean mass, protein turnover, insulin sensitivity and the molecular regulation of these processes. Knee extensor strength and work output during 30 maximal isokinetic contractions were assessed in healthy male volunteers, nine with no statin use (control 70.4 ± 0.7 years) and nine with statin myalgia (71.5 ± 0.9 years). Whole body and leg glucose disposal, muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) and leg protein breakdown (LPB) were measured during fasting (≈5 mU l−1 insulin) and fed (≈40 mU l−1 insulin + hyperaminoacidaemia) euglyceamic clamps. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after each clamp. Lean mass, MPS, LPB and strength were not different but work output during the initial three isokinetic contractions was 19% lower (P < 0.05) in statin myalgic subjects due to a delay in time to reach peak power output. Statin myalgic subjects had reduced whole body (P = 0.05) and leg (P < 0.01) glucose disposal, greater abdominal adiposity (P < 0.05) and differential expression of 33 muscle mRNAs (5% false discovery rate (FDR)), six of which, linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, increased at 1% FDR. Statin myalgia was associated with impaired muscle function, increased abdominal adiposity, whole body and leg insulin resistance, and evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Mallinson
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Murlasits Z, Radák Z. The Effects of Statin Medications on Aerobic Exercise Capacity and Training Adaptations. Sports Med 2014; 44:1519-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Effects of Methanol Extract of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) on Atherogenic Indices and Redox Status of Cellular System of Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:605425. [PMID: 24592277 PMCID: PMC3926424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/605425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (AA) on atherogenic indices and redox status of cellular system of rats fed with dietary cholesterol while Questran (QUE) served as standard. Biochemical indices such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reduced glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed. Hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats had significantly increased relative weight of liver and heart. Dietary cholesterol caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of serum, hepatic, and cardiac TC by 110%, 70%, and 85%, LDL-C by 79%, 82%, and 176%, and TG by 68%, 96%, and 62%, respectively. Treatment with AA significantly reduced the relative weight of the organs and lipid parameters. There were beneficial increases in serum and cardiac HDL-C levels in HC rats treated with AA. In HC rats, serum LDH, ALT, and AST activities and levels of LPO were increased, whereas hepatic and cardiac SOD, CAT, and GPx were reduced. All biochemical and histological alterations were ameliorated upon treatment with AA. Extract of AA had protective effects against dietary cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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