1
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Porcu C, Dobrowolny G, Scicchitano BM. Exploring the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5811. [PMID: 38892005 PMCID: PMC11171935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration entails a multifaceted process marked by distinct phases, encompassing inflammation, regeneration, and remodeling. The coordination of these phases hinges upon precise intercellular communication orchestrated by diverse cell types and signaling molecules. Recent focus has turned towards extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs, as pivotal mediators facilitating intercellular communication throughout muscle regeneration. Notably, injured muscle provokes the release of EVs originating from myofibers and various cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, satellite cells, and immune cells such as M2 macrophages, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and promyogenic properties. EVs harbor a specific cargo comprising functional proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which intricately regulate gene expression in target cells and activate downstream pathways crucial for skeletal muscle homeostasis and repair. Furthermore, EVs foster angiogenesis, muscle reinnervation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, thereby modulating the tissue microenvironment and promoting effective tissue regeneration. This review consolidates the current understanding on EVs released by cells and damaged tissues throughout various phases of muscle regeneration with a focus on EV cargo, providing new insights on potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate muscle-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Porcu
- DAHFMO-Unità di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- DAHFMO-Unità di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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2
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Yan J. Roles of Myokines and Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Deterioration under Disuse Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38392980 PMCID: PMC10891558 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inactivity and disuse conditions, such as those experienced during spaceflight and prolonged bedrest, are frequently accompanied by detrimental effects on the motor system, including skeletal muscle atrophy and bone loss, which greatly increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Moreover, the decrease in glucose and lipid utilization in skeletal muscles, a consequence of muscle atrophy, also contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Clarifying the mechanisms involved in disuse-induced musculoskeletal deterioration is important, providing therapeutic targets and a scientific foundation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders under disuse conditions. Skeletal muscle, as a powerful endocrine organ, participates in the regulation of physiological and biochemical functions of local or distal tissues and organs, including itself, in endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine manners. As a motor organ adjacent to muscle, bone tissue exhibits a relative lag in degenerative changes compared to skeletal muscle under disuse conditions. Based on this phenomenon, roles and mechanisms involved in the communication between skeletal muscle and bone, especially from muscle to bone, under disuse conditions have attracted widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of muscle-derived myokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the occurrence of muscle atrophy and bone loss under disuse conditions, as well as discuss future perspectives based on existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
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3
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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4
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Magri F, Napoli L, Ripolone M, Ciscato P, Moggio M, Corti S, Comi GP, Sciacco M, Zanotti S. The Profiling of 179 miRNA Expression in Serum from Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17402. [PMID: 38139231 PMCID: PMC10743601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of genetically inherited neuromuscular diseases with a very variable clinical presentation and overlapping traits. Over the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the use of non-invasive circulating biomarkers to monitor disease progression and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Our aim was to identify the miRNA signature with potential value for LGMD patient screening and stratification. Using miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Serum/Plasma Panel, we analyzed 179 miRNAs from 16 patients, divided in four pools based on their genetic diagnosis, and from healthy controls. The miRNAs analysis showed a total of 107 dysregulated miRNAs in LGMD patients when compared to the healthy controls. After filtering via skeletal tissue expression and gene/pathways target analysis, the number of dysregulated miRNAs drastically reduced. Six selected miRNAs-let-7f-5p (in LGMDR1), miR-20a-5p (in LGMDR2), miR-130b-5p, miR-378a-5p (both in LGMDR3), miR-376c-3p and miR-382-5p (both in LGMDR4)-whose expression was significantly lower compared to controls in the different LGMD pools, were further investigated. The bioinformatic analysis of the target genes in each selected miRNA revealed ECM-receptor interaction and TGF-beta signaling as the most involved pathways. The correlation analysis showed a good correlation of let-7f-5p with fibrosis and with the cross sectional area of type I and type II fibers, while miR-130b-5p showed a good correlation with the age of onset of the disease. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed how single miRNAs were able to discriminate a specific group of LGMD patients and how the combination of six miRNAs was able to discriminate LGMD patients from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magri
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Napoli
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
| | - Patrizia Ciscato
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Sciacco
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
| | - Simona Zanotti
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (M.M.)
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5
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Lyu K, Liu X, Liu T, Lu J, Jiang L, Chen Y, Long L, Wang X, Shi H, Wang F, Li S. miRNAs contributing to the repair of tendon injury. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:201-215. [PMID: 37249708 PMCID: PMC10406718 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injury is one of the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system, with a higher likelihood of occurrence in elderly individuals and athletes. In posthealing tendons, two undesirable consequences, tissue fibrosis and a reduction in mechanical properties, usually occur, resulting in an increased probability of rerupture or reinjury; thus, it is necessary to propose an appropriate treatment. Currently, most methods do not sufficiently modulate the tendon healing process and restore the function and structure of the injured tendon to those of a normal tendon, since there is still inadequate information about the effects of multiple cellular and other relevant signaling pathways on tendon healing and how the expression of their components is regulated. microRNAs are vital targets for promoting tendon repair and can modulate the expression of biological components in signaling pathways involved in various physiological and pathological responses. miRNAs are a type of noncoding ribonucleic acid essential for regulating processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis; inflammatory responses; vascularization; fibrosis; and tissue repair. This article focuses on the biogenesis response of miRNAs while presenting their mechanisms in tendon healing with perspectives and suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Traumatology and Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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6
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Wan R, Hussain A, Behfar A, Moran SL, Zhao C. The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073869. [PMID: 35409228 PMCID: PMC8998690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue defects are common following trauma and tumor extirpation. These injuries can result in poor functional recovery and lead to a diminished quality of life. The healing of skin and muscle is a complex process that, at present, leads to incomplete recovery and scarring. Regenerative medicine may offer the opportunity to improve the healing process and functional outcomes. Barriers to regenerative strategies have included cost, regulatory hurdles, and the need for cell-based therapies. In recent years, exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, have gained tremendous attention in the field of soft tissue repair and regeneration. These nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can break the cellular boundaries, as well as facilitate intracellular signal delivery in various regenerative physiologic and pathologic processes. Existing studies have established the potential of exosomes in regenerating tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves through different mechanisms, including promoting myogenesis, increasing tenocyte differentiation and enhancing neurite outgrowth, and the proliferation of Schwann cells. These exosomes can be stored for immediate use in the operating room, and can be produced cost efficiently. In this article, we critically review the current advances of exosomes in soft tissue (tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves) healing. Additionally, new directions for clinical applications in the future will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Wan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Arif Hussain
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven L. Moran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Pin F, Beltrà M, Garcia-Castillo L, Pardini B, Birolo G, Matullo G, Penna F, Guttridge D, Costelli P. Extracellular vesicles derived from tumour cells as a trigger of energy crisis in the skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:481-494. [PMID: 34931471 PMCID: PMC8818645 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a syndrome frequently occurring in cancer patients, is characterized by muscle wasting, altered energy and protein metabolism and impaired myogenesis. Tumour-derived microvesicles (TMVs) containing proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and non-coding RNAs could contribute to cancer-induced muscle wasting. METHODS Differential ultracentrifugation was used to isolate TMVs from the conditioned medium of Lewis lung carcinoma and C26 colon carcinoma cell cultures. TMVs were added to the culture medium of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes for 24-48-72 h, and the effects on protein and energy metabolism were assessed. TMVs were also isolated from the blood of C26-bearing mice. MicroRNA (miR) profile of TMVs was obtained by RNA-seq and validated by digital drop PCR. Selected miRs were overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts to assess the effects on myogenic differentiation. RESULTS Differentiation was delayed in C2C12 myoblasts exposed to TMVs, according to reduced expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC; about 62% of controls at Day 4) and myogenin (about 68% of controls at Day 4). As for myotubes, TMVs did not affect the expression of MyHC, while revealed able to modulate mitochondria and oxidative metabolism. Indeed, reduced mRNA levels of PGC-1α (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.57 ± 0.06, normalized fold change, P < 0.05) and Cytochrome C (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.65 ± 0.04, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), associated with increased BNIP3 expression (C = 1 ± 0.1, TMV = 1.29 ± 0.2, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), were observed, suggesting reduced mitochondrial biogenesis/amount and enhanced mitophagy. These changes were paralleled by decreased oxygen consumption (C = 686.9 ± 44 pmol/min, TMV = 552.25 ± 24 pmol/min, P < 0.01) and increased lactate levels (C = 0.0063 ± 0.00045 nmol/μL, TMV = 0.0094 ± 0.00087 nmol/μL, P < 0.01). A total of 118 miRs were found in MVs derived from the plasma of the C26 hosts; however, only three of them were down-regulated (RNA-seq): miR-181a-5p (-1.46 fold change), miR-375-3p (-2.52 fold change), and miR-455-5p (-3.87 fold change). No correlation could be observed among miRs in the MVs obtained from the blood of the C26 host and those released by C26 cells in the culture medium. Overexpression of miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p in C2C12 myoblasts revealed the ability to impinge on the mRNA levels of Myf5, Myog, and MyHC (Myh4 and Myh7). CONCLUSIONS These results show that in C2C12 cultures, TMVs are able to affect both differentiation and the mitochondrial system. Such effects could be related to TMV-contained miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Denis Guttridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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8
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Li W, Wen S, Wu J, Zeng B, Chen T, Luo J, Shu G, Wang SB, Zhang Y, Xi Q. Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA Expression Profiles Between Skeletal Muscle- and Adipose-Derived Exosomes in Pig. Front Genet 2021; 12:631230. [PMID: 34135937 PMCID: PMC8202525 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.631230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues are both involved in regulation of metabolism. In the skeletal muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk, exosomes may play an important role but the main components of exosomes are not clear. In this study, we found skeletal muscle-derived exosomes can inhibit adipogenesis of porcine preadipocytes. We identified microRNA expression profiles of muscle exosomes and adipose exosomes by high-throughput sequencing. There were 104 (both novel and known microRNAs) microRNAs differentially expressed (DE miRNAs) between M-EXO (muscle-derived exosomes) and A-EXO (adipose–derived exosomes) groups. A total of 2,137 target genes of DE miRNAs for M-EXO and 2,004 target genes of DE miRNAs for A-EXO were detected. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that some DE miRNAs of M-EXO (especially miR-221-5p) were mainly enriched in lipid-related metabolism processes. The findings may serve as a fundamental resource for understanding the detailed functions of exosomes between the skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk and the potential relationship between skeletal muscle atrophy and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weite Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulei Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahan Wu
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Bo Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Xu X, Hao Y, Wu J, Zhao J, Xiong S. Assessment of Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to Explore Key Pathways and Novel Biomarkers in Muscular Dystrophy. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:431-444. [PMID: 33883925 PMCID: PMC8053709 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s301098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the key molecular pathways involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and thereby identify hub genes to be potentially used as novel biomarkers using a bioinformatics approach. Methods Raw GSE109178 data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the top 50% of altered genes. The key modules associated with the clinical features of DMD and BMD were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the DAVID website. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING website. MCODE, together with the Cytohubba plug-ins of Cytoscape, screened out the potential hub genes, which were subsequently verified via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in other datasets. Results Among the 11 modules obtained, the black module was predominantly associated with pathology and DMD, whereas the light-green module was primarily related to age and BMD. Functional enrichment assessments indicated that the genes in the black module were primarily clustered in “immune response” and “phagosome,” whereas the ones in the light-green module were chiefly enriched in “protein polyubiquitination”. Eleven essential genes were eventually identified, including VCAM1, TYROBP, CD44, ITGB2, CSF1R, LCP2, C3AR1, CCL2, and ITGAM for DMD, along with UBA5 and UBR2 for BMD. Conclusion Overall, our findings may be useful for investigating the mechanisms underlying DMD and BMD. In addition, the hub genes discovered might serve as novel molecular markers correlated with dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Liaoning Academy of Analytic Science, Construction Engineering Center of Important Technology Innovation and Research and Development Base in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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10
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Castillo RL, Femia AN. Polishing the crystal ball: mining multi-omics data in dermatomyositis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:435. [PMID: 33842656 PMCID: PMC8033302 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine, which recognizes and upholds the uniqueness of each individual patient and the importance of discerning these inter-individual differences on a molecular scale in order to provide truly personalized medical care, is a revolutionary approach that relies on the discovery of clinically-relevant biomarkers derived from the massive amounts of data generated by epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, microbiomic, and metabolomic studies, collectively known as multi-omics. If harnessed and mined appropriately with the help of ever-evolving computational and analytic methods, the collective data from omics studies has the potential to accelerate delivery of targeted medical treatment that maximizes benefit, minimizes harm, and eliminates the “fortune-telling” inextricably linked to the prevailing trial-and-error approach. For a disease such as dermatomyositis (DM), which is characterized by remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity and varying degrees of multi-organ involvement, an individualized approach that incorporates big data derived from multi-omics studies with the results of currently available serologic, histopathologic, radiologic, and electrophysiologic tests, and, most importantly, with clinical findings obtained from a thorough history and physical examination, has immense diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value. In this review, we discuss omics-based research studies in DM and describe their practical applications and promising roles in guiding clinical decisions and optimizing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle L Castillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alisa N Femia
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Sanchez-Castro EE, Pajuelo-Reyes C, Tejedo R, Soria-Juan B, Tapia-Limonchi R, Andreu E, Hitos AB, Martin F, Cahuana GM, Guerra-Duarte C, de Assis TCS, Bedoya FJ, Soria B, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Tejedo JR. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies as Promising Treatments for Muscle Regeneration After Snakebite Envenoming. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609961. [PMID: 33633730 PMCID: PMC7902043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a global neglected disease with an incidence of up to 2.7 million new cases every year. Although antivenoms are so-far the most effective treatment to reverse the acute systemic effects induced by snakebite envenoming, they have a limited therapeutic potential, being unable to completely neutralize the local venom effects. Local damage, such as dermonecrosis and myonecrosis, can lead to permanent sequelae with physical, social, and psychological implications. The strong inflammatory process induced by snake venoms is associated with poor tissue regeneration, in particular the lack of or reduced skeletal muscle regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapies have shown both anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties. We postulate that using allogeneic MSCs or their cell-free products can induce skeletal muscle regeneration in snakebite victims, improving all the three steps of the skeletal muscle regeneration process, mainly by anti-inflammatory activity, paracrine effects, neovascularization induction, and inhibition of tissue damage, instrumental for microenvironment remodeling and regeneration. Since snakebite envenoming occurs mainly in areas with poor healthcare, we enlist the principles and potential of MSCs-based therapies and discuss regulatory issues, good manufacturing practices, transportation, storage, and related-procedures that could allow the administration of these therapies, looking forward to a safe and cost-effective treatment for a so far unsolved and neglected health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Pajuelo-Reyes
- Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Rebeca Tejedo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Bárbara Soria-Juan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Unidad de Terapias Avanzadas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Tapia-Limonchi
- Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Etelvina Andreu
- ISABIAL-Hospital General y Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Departmento de Fisica Aplicadas, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana B Hitos
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Franz Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gladys M Cahuana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Center of Research and Development, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thamyres C Silva de Assis
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Bedoya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,ISABIAL-Hospital General y Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juan R Tejedo
- Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Iyer SR, Scheiber AL, Yarowsky P, Henn RF, Otsuru S, Lovering RM. Exosomes Isolated From Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Recovery of Function After Muscle Injury. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2277-2286. [PMID: 32543878 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520926462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained momentum as treatment for muscle injuries. Exosomes, or small cell-derived vesicles, could be helpful if they could deliver the same or better physiological effect without cell transplantation into the muscle. HYPOTHESIS Local delivery of exosomes derived from PRP (PRP-exos) or MSCs (MSC-exos) to injured muscles hastens recovery of contractile function. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS In a rat model, platelets were isolated from blood, and MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and expanded in culture; exosomes from both were isolated through ultracentrifugation. The tibialis anterior muscles were injured in vivo using maximal lengthening contractions. Muscles were injected with PRP-exos or MSC-exos (immediately after injury and 5 and 10 days after injury); controls received an equal volume of saline. Histological and biochemical analysis was performed on tissues for all groups. RESULTS Injury resulted in a significant loss of maximal isometric torque (66% ± 3%) that gradually recovered over 2 weeks. Both PRP-exos and MSC-exos accelerated recovery, with similar faster recovery of contractile function over the saline-treated group at 5, 10, and 15 days after injury (P < .001). A significant increase in centrally nucleated fibers was seen with both types of exosome groups by day 15 (P < .01). Genes involved in skeletal muscle regeneration were modulated by different exosomes. Muscles treated with PRP-exos had increased expression of Myogenin gene (P < .05), whereas muscles treated with MSC-exos had reduced expression of TGF-β (P < .05) at 10 days after muscle injury. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from PRP or MSCs can facilitate recovery after a muscle strain injury in a small-animal model likely because of factors that can modulate inflammation, fibrosis, and myogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given their small size, low immunogenicity, and ease with which they can be obtained, exosomes could represent a novel therapy for many orthopaedic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama R Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda L Scheiber
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Yarowsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Frank Henn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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