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Hu E, Hong FT, Aral J, Long J, Piper DE, Poppe L, Andrews KL, Hager T, Davis C, Li H, Wong P, Gavva N, Shi L, Zhu DXD, Lehto SG, Xu C, Miranda LP. Discovery of Selective Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase 1 Receptor (PAC1R) Antagonist Peptides Potent in a Maxadilan/PACAP38-Induced Increase in Blood Flow Pharmacodynamic Model. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3427-3438. [PMID: 33715378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the pituitary adenylate cyclase 1 receptor (PAC1R) is a novel mechanism that could be used for abortive treatment of acute migraine. Our research began with comparative analysis of known PAC1R ligand scaffolds, PACAP38 and Maxadilan, which resulted in the selection of des(24-42) Maxadilan, 6, as a starting point. C-terminal modifications of 6 improved the peptide metabolic stability in vitro and in vivo. SAR investigations identified synergistic combinations of amino acid replacements that significantly increased the in vitro PAC1R inhibitory activity of the analogs to the pM IC90 range. Our modifications further enabled deletion of up to six residues without impacting potency, thus improving peptide ligand binding efficiency. Analogs 17 and 18 exhibited robust in vivo efficacy in the rat Maxadilan-induced increase in blood flow (MIIBF) pharmacodynamic model at 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneous dosing. The first cocrystal structure of a PAC1R antagonist peptide (18) with PAC1R extracellular domain is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Hu
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Fang-Tsao Hong
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jennifer Aral
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jason Long
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Derek E Piper
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leszek Poppe
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kristin L Andrews
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Todd Hager
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Carl Davis
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hongyan Li
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Philip Wong
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Narender Gavva
- Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Licheng Shi
- Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dawn X D Zhu
- Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Sonya G Lehto
- Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Cen Xu
- Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Les P Miranda
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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