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Sarojini V, Cameron AJ, Varnava KG, Denny WA, Sanjayan G. Cyclic Tetrapeptides from Nature and Design: A Review of Synthetic Methodologies, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10318-10359. [PMID: 31418274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small cyclic peptides possess a wide range of biological properties and unique structures that make them attractive to scientists working in a range of areas from medicinal to materials chemistry. However, cyclic tetrapeptides (CTPs), which are important members of this family, are notoriously difficult to synthesize. Various synthetic methodologies have been developed that enable access to natural product CTPs and their rationally designed synthetic analogues having novel molecular structures. These methodologies include the use of reversible protecting groups such as pseudoprolines that restrict conformational freedom, ring contraction strategies, on-resin cyclization approaches, and optimization of coupling reagents and reaction conditions such as temperature and dilution factors. Several fundamental studies have documented the impacts of amino acid configurations, N-alkylation, and steric bulk on both synthetic success and ensuing conformations. Carefully executed retrosynthetic ring dissection and the unique structural features of the linear precursor sequences that result from the ring dissection are crucial for the success of the cyclization step. Other factors that influence the outcome of the cyclization step include reaction temperature, solvent, reagents used as well as dilution levels. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current state of affairs on naturally occurring and rationally designed cyclic tetrapeptides, including strategies investigated for their syntheses in the literature, the conformations adopted by these molecules, and specific examples of their function. Using selected examples from the literature, an in-depth discussion of the synthetic techniques and reaction parameters applied for the successful syntheses of 12-, 13-, and 14-membered natural product CTPs and their novel analogues are presented, with particular focus on the cyclization step. Selected examples of the three-dimensional structures of cyclic tetrapeptides studied by NMR, and X-ray crystallography are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences and the Centre for Green Chemical Science , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Alan J Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences and the Centre for Green Chemical Science , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Kyriakos G Varnava
- School of Chemical Sciences and the Centre for Green Chemical Science , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | | | - Gangadhar Sanjayan
- Division of Organic Chemistry , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411 008 , India
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Cameron AJ, Squire CJ, Edwards PJB, Harjes E, Sarojini V. Crystal and NMR Structures of a Peptidomimetic β-Turn That Provides Facile Synthesis of 13-Membered Cyclic Tetrapeptides. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:3195-3202. [PMID: 29098772 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the unique conformations adopted by linear and cyclic tetrapeptides (CTPs) containing 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-Abz) in solution and as single crystals. The crystal structure of the linear tetrapeptide H2 N-d-Leu-d-Phe-2-Abz-d-Ala-COOH (1) reveals a novel planar peptidomimetic β-turn stabilized by three hydrogen bonds and is in agreement with its NMR structure in solution. While CTPs are often synthetically inaccessible or cyclize in poor yield, both 1 and its N-Me-d-Phe analogue (2) adopt pseudo-cyclic frameworks enabling near quantitative conversion to the corresponding CTPs 3 and 4. The crystal structure of the N-methylated peptide (4) is the first reported for a CTP containing 2-Abz and reveals a distinctly planar 13-membered ring, which is also evident in solution. The N-methylation of d-Phe results in a peptide bond inversion compared to the conformation of 3 in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Squire
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J B Edwards
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Elena Harjes
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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Zhang S, De Leon Rodriguez LM, Lacey E, Piggott AM, Leung IKH, Brimble MA. Cyclization of Linear Tetrapeptides Containing N
-Methylated Amino Acids by using 1-Propanephosphonic Acid Anhydride. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Luis M. De Leon Rodriguez
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies; Building C; 28-54 Percival Rd. 2164 Smithfield NSW Australia
| | - Andrew M. Piggott
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; 2109 NSW Australia
| | - Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; 1142 Auckland New Zealand
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Chung BKW, White CJ, Scully CCG, Yudin AK. The reactivity and conformational control of cyclic tetrapeptides derived from aziridine-containing amino acids. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6662-6668. [PMID: 28567256 PMCID: PMC5450523 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the smallest of the macrocyclic peptides, 12- and 13-membered cyclic tetrapeptides are particularly noteworthy because they exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities due to their innate capacity to mimic β-turns in proteins. In this report, we demonstrate that aziridine-containing cyclic tetrapeptides offer a platform to interrogate the conformational properties of tetrapeptides. We show that aziridine ring-opening of 12-membered cyclic tetrapeptides yields exclusively 13-membered α3β macrocycles, regardless of peptide sequence, nucleophile, aziridine β-carbon substitution, or stereochemistry. NMR and computational studies on two related aziridine-containing cyclic tetrapeptides revealed that the amide conformations of their N-acyl aziridines are similar, and are likely the determinant of the observed ring-opening regioselectivity. Interestingly, some of the resulting 13-membered α3β macrocycles were found to be conformationally heterogeneous. This study on the reactivity and conformational control of aziridine-containing cyclic tetrapeptides provides useful insight on the design and development of macrocyclic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K W Chung
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , The University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Christopher J White
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , The University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Conor C G Scully
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , The University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , The University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
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Antitumor and antimicrobial activity of some cyclic tetrapeptides and tripeptides derived from marine bacteria. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3029-45. [PMID: 25988520 PMCID: PMC4446616 DOI: 10.3390/md13053029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine derived cyclo(Gly-l-Ser-l-Pro-l-Glu) was selected as a lead to evaluate antitumor-antibiotic activity. Histidine was chosen to replace the serine residue to form cyclo(Gly-l-His-l-Pro-l-Glu). Cyclic tetrapeptides (CtetPs) were then synthesized using a solution phase method, and subjected to antitumor and antibiotic assays. The benzyl group protected CtetPs derivatives, showed better activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the range of 60–120 μM. Benzyl group protected CtetPs 3 and 4, exhibited antitumor activity against several cell lines at a concentration of 80–108 μM. However, shortening the size of the ring to the cyclic tripeptide (CtriP) scaffold, cyclo(Gly-l-Ser-l-Pro), cyclo(Ser-l-Pro-l-Glu) and their analogues showed no antibiotic or antitumor activity. This phenomenon can be explained from their backbone structures.
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Ha K, Lebedyeva I, Hamedzadeh S, Li Z, Quiñones R, Pillai GG, Williams B, Nasajpour A, Martin K, Asiri AM, Katritzky AR. Tandem Deprotection-Dimerization-Macrocyclization Route toC2Symmetriccyclo-Tetrapeptides. Chemistry 2014; 20:4874-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Tyagi P, Tai DF, Lee GH, Peng SM. A lead (II) 3D coordination polymer based on a marine cyclic peptide motif. Molecules 2013; 18:4972-85. [PMID: 23624650 PMCID: PMC6270303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18054972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of a naturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptide cyclo(Gly-L-Ser-L-Pro-L-Glu) [cyclo(GSPE)] was obtained. The conformation of synthesized cyclo(GSPE) fixes the coordination to lead ion in a 1:1 ratio. This cyclo(GSPE)-Pb complex was constructed as an asymmetric 3D network in the crystalline state. The polymerization of a heavy metal ion with a rigid asymmetric cyclic tetrapeptide represents the first example of a new class of macrocyclic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Fu Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Exploring Solution-Phase Cyclization and Sulfamyl Safety-Catch Resin Strategies for the Total Synthesis of the Marine Antimicrobial Cyclic Tetrapeptide Cyclo(GSPE). Int J Pept Res Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-012-9323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rutters JPA, Verdonk Y, de Vries R, Ingemann S, Hiemstra H, Levacher V, van Maarseveen JH. Synthesis of strained cyclic peptides via an aza-Michael–acyl-transfer reaction cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8084-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pedersen SL, Tofteng AP, Malik L, Jensen KJ. Microwave heating in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1826-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Covering: 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 196. This review covers the literature published in 2010 for marine natural products, with 895 citations (590 for the period January to December 2010) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1003 for 2010), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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