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Garizo AR, Coelho LF, Pinto S, Dias TP, Fernandes F, Bernardes N, Fialho AM. The Azurin-Derived Peptide CT-p19LC Exhibits Membrane-Active Properties and Induces Cancer Cell Death. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091194. [PMID: 34572379 PMCID: PMC8469032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides have been thoroughly studied as new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this work, we explored in vitro the anticancer potential of three novel peptides derived from the C-terminal of azurin, an anticancer bacterial protein produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CT-p26, CT-p19 and CT-p19LC peptides were previously obtained through an in silico peptide design optimization process, CT-p19LC being the most promising as it presented higher hydrophobicity and solubility, positive total charge and, most importantly, greater propensity for anticancer activity. Therefore, in this study, through proliferation and apoptosis assays, CT-p19LC was tested in four cancer cell lines-A549, MCF-7, HeLa and HT-29-and in two non-cancer cell lines-16HBE14o- and MCF10A. Its membrane-targeting activity was further evaluated with zeta potential measurements and membrane order was assessed with the Laurdan probe. The results obtained demonstrated that CT-p19LC decreases cell viability through induction of cell death and binds to the plasma membrane of cancer cells, but not to non-cancer cells, making them less rigid. Overall, this study reveals that CT-p19LC is an auspicious selective anticancer peptide able to react with cancer cell membranes and cause effective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Garizo
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lígia F. Coelho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Pinto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago P. Dias
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arsénio M. Fialho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (L.F.C.); (S.P.); (T.P.D.); (F.F.); (N.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-8417684
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Reissmann S, Filatova MP. New generation of cell‐penetrating peptides: Functionality and potential clinical application. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3300. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siegmund Reissmann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Friedrich Schiller University Dornburger Str. 25 Jena Thueringia 07743 Germany
| | - Margarita P. Filatova
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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Huang F, Shu Q, Qin Z, Tian J, Su Z, Huang Y, Gao M. Anticancer Actions of Azurin and Its Derived Peptide p28. Protein J 2020; 39:182-189. [PMID: 32180097 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are a great threat to humans. In cancer therapy, surgical removal of the tumor combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the most routine treatment procedure and usually the most effective. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells efficiently also kill normal cells, thus exhibiting large side effects. Cancer-targeted drugs, which aim to specifically recognize proteins or signaling pathways associated with tumor proliferation and migration, have achieved marked progress in recent years. Azurin is a copper-containing redox protein secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Azurin and its derived peptide p28 preferentially enter a variety of cancer cells and induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic studies revealed that azurin and p28 target the p53 and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways as well as other pathways. Two phase I trials of p28 have been carried out, with findings that p28 is safe and exhibits anticancer activity in both adult and pediatric patients. In this review paper, we provide an up-to-date summary of progress on the anticancer mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for azurin and p28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianhui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianglin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Saha N, Robev D, Mason EO, Himanen JP, Nikolov DB. Therapeutic potential of targeting the Eph/ephrin signaling complex. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 105:123-133. [PMID: 30343150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Eph-ephrin signaling pathway mediates developmental processes and the proper functioning of the adult human body. This distinctive bidirectional signaling pathway includes a canonical downstream signal cascade inside the Eph-bearing cells, as well as a reverse signaling in the ephrin-bearing cells. The signaling is terminated by ADAM metalloproteinase cleavage, internalization, and degradation of the Eph/ephrin complexes. Consequently, the Eph-ephrin-ADAM signaling cascade has emerged as a key target with immense therapeutic potential particularly in the context of cancer. An interesting twist was brought forth by the emergence of ephrins as the entry receptors for the pathological Henipaviruses, which has spurred new studies to target the viral entry. The availability of high-resolution structures of the multi-modular Eph receptors in complexes with ephrins and other binding partners, such as peptides, small molecule inhibitors and antibodies, offers a wealth of information for the structure-guided development of therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, genomic data mining of Eph mutants involved in cancer provides information for targeted drug development. In this review we summarize the distinct avenues for targeting the Eph-ephrin signaling pathway, including its termination by ADAM proteinases. We highlight the latest developments in Eph-related pharmacology in the context of Eph-ephrin-ADAM-based antibodies and small molecules. Finally, the future prospects of genomics- and proteomics-based medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanendu Saha
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Structural Biology Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Dorothea Robev
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Structural Biology Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Emilia O Mason
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Structural Biology Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Juha P Himanen
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Structural Biology Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Dimitar B Nikolov
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Structural Biology Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Bernardes N, Garizo AR, Pinto SN, Caniço B, Perdigão C, Fernandes F, Fialho AM. Azurin interaction with the lipid raft components ganglioside GM-1 and caveolin-1 increases membrane fluidity and sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1649-1666. [PMID: 29963969 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1489178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts are highly ordered microdomains and essential components of plasma membranes. In this work, we demonstrate that azurin uptake by cancer cells is, in part, mediated by caveolin-1 and GM-1, lipid rafts' markers. This recognition is mediated by a surface exposed hydrophobic core displayed by azurin since the substitution of a phenylalanine residue in position 114 facing the hydrophobic cavity by alanine impacts such interactions, debilitating the uptake of azurin by cancer cells. Treating of cancer cells with azurin leads to a sequence of events: alters the lipid raft exposure at plasma membranes, causes a decrease in the plasma membrane order as examined by Laurdan two-photon imaging and leads to a decrease in the levels of caveolin-1. Caveolae, a subset of lipid rafts characterized by the presence of caveolin-1, are gaining increasing recognition as mediators in tumor progression and resistance to standard therapies. We show that azurin inhibits growth of cancer cells expressing caveolin-1, and this inhibition is only partially observed with mutant azurin. Finally, the simultaneous administration of azurin with anticancer therapeutic drugs (paclitaxel and doxorubicin) results in an enhancement in their activity, contrary to the mutated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Bernardes
- a iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Garizo
- a iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- b Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Bernardo Caniço
- a iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Catarina Perdigão
- a iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- b Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico , Lisbon , Portugal.,c UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal
| | - Arsenio M Fialho
- a iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal.,d Department of Bioengineering , Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
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6
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Gao M, Zhou J, Su Z, Huang Y. Bacterial cupredoxin azurin hijacks cellular signaling networks: Protein-protein interactions and cancer therapy. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2334-2341. [PMID: 28960574 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azurin secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an anticancer bacteriocin, which preferentially enters human cancer cells and induces apoptosis or growth inhibition. It turns out that azurin is a multi-target anticancer agent interfering in the p53 signaling pathway and the non-receptor tyrosine kinases signaling pathway. This suggests that azurin exerts its anticancer activity by interacting with multiple targets and interfering in multiple steps in disease progression. Therefore, azurin could overcome resistance to therapy. Besides azurin, putative bacteriocins that possess functional properties similar to those of azurin have been identified in more bacteria species. A systematic investigation on the anticancer mechanisms of azurin and the azurin-like bacteriocins will provide more and better options in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize how azurin and the derived peptides hijack key cellular regulators or cell surface receptors to remodel the cellular signaling networks. In particular, we highlight the necessity of determining the structure of azurin/p53 complex and investigating the influence of post-translational modifications on interactions between azurin and p53. Therapeutic applications of azurin and derived peptides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Targeting Eph/ephrin system in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:152-162. [PMID: 28780190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the Eph/ephrin system plays a central role in the embryonic development, with minor implications in the physiology of the adult. However, it is overexpressed and deregulated in a variety of tumors, with a primary involvement in tumorigenesis, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis development, and cancer stem cell regeneration. Targeting the Eph/ephrin system with biologicals, including antibodies and recombinant proteins, reduces tumor growth in animal models of hematological malignancies, breast, prostate, colon, head and neck cancers and glioblastoma. Currently, some of these biopharmaceutical agents are under investigations in phase I or phase II clinical trials. Peptides and small molecules targeting protein-protein-interaction (PPI) are in the late preclinical phase where they are showing promising activity in models of glioblastoma, ovarian and lung cancer. The present review summarizes the most critical findings proposing the Eph/ephrin signaling system as a new target in molecularly targeted oncology.
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Chakrabarty AM, Bernardes N, Fialho AM. Bacterial proteins and peptides in cancer therapy: today and tomorrow. Bioengineered 2014; 5:234-42. [PMID: 24875003 PMCID: PMC4140868 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases worldwide. In the last three decades many efforts have been made focused on understanding how cancer grows and responds to drugs. The dominant drug-development paradigm has been the "one drug, one target." Based on that, the two main targeted therapies developed to combat cancer include the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Development of drug resistance and side effects represent the major limiting factors for their use in cancer treatment. Nowadays, a new paradigm for cancer drug discovery is emerging wherein multi-targeted approaches gain ground in cancer therapy. Therefore, to overcome resistance to therapy, it is clear that a new generation of drugs is urgently needed. Here, regarding the concept of multi-targeted therapy, we discuss the challenges of using bacterial proteins and peptides as a new generation of effective anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda M Chakrabarty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- Institute for Biotechnology & Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arsenio M Fialho
- Institute for Biotechnology & Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon, Portugal
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Bernardes N, Chakrabarty AM, Fialho AM. Engineering of bacterial strains and their products for cancer therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5189-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fialho AM, Chakrabarty AM. Patent controversies and court cases: cancer diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1229-34. [PMID: 22954683 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patents are issued essentially by all countries on inventions that are deemed novel, non-obvious, clearly described and of significant utility or industrial application. The only exceptions to patenting an invention are abstract ideas, laws of nature and natural phenomena, although the exceptions vary depending on countries where moral, public order or human rights considerations are also taken into account. Although patent laws are updated over decades, the rapid progress of science creates situations that the patent laws on the book cannot address, leading to contentious legal issues. This is often true for life saving drugs, particularly drugs for cancers or HIV/AIDS, which are expensive and beyond the reach of poor people because of the proprietary positions of these patented drugs. Another contentious issue is the patent eligibility of human genes and mutations that are often thought of nature's contribution to human health and propagation and should be beyond the reach of patentability. In this review, we address some of these current legal issues and their implications for the development of diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions and even prevention for cancer, a scourge of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsenio M Fialho
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
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