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Ramesh S, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, Kruger HG, Govender T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Antimicrobial Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1548:51-59. [PMID: 28013496 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as one of the unsurpassed therapeutic tools to treat various devastating diseases that are affecting millions of lives. Conventional synthesis of peptides requires longer times, and hence automated microwave technology could be regarded as an alternative implement which offers advantages like less reaction times and higher yields. In this sense, we herein describe a methodology to prepare AMPs through solid-phase peptide synthesis under microwave conditions. We have used LL37 as an example to discuss the synthetic protocol including the difficulties involved in the preparation of so-called long and difficult peptides and also remedial procedures to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ramesh
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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3
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Dutta J, Baijnath S, Somboro AM, Nagiah S, Albericio F, de la Torre BG, Marjanovic-Painter B, Zeevaart JR, Sathekge M, Kruger HG, Chuturgoon A, Naicker T, Ebenhan T, Govender T. Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and 68 Ga-radiolabeling of CDP1 toward PET/CT imaging of bacterial infection. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:572-579. [PMID: 28328161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major concern in the human health sector due to poor diagnosis and development of multidrug-resistant strains. PET/CT provides a means for the non-invasive detection and localization of the infectious foci; however, the radiotracers available are either cumbersome to prepare or their exact contribution toward the imaging is not yet established. Human antimicrobial peptides are of interest for development as PET radiotracers as they are an integral component of the immune system, non-immunogenic toward the recipient, and show selectivity toward pathogens such as bacteria. Herein we report on the potential of LL37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, as a radiotracer for bacterial imaging. Bifunctional chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid was utilized to functionalize the antimicrobial peptide, which in turn was capable of chelating gallium. The synthesized nat Ga-CDP1 showed bacterial selectivity and low affinity toward hepatic cells, which are favorable characteristics for further preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotibon Dutta
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anou M Somboro
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Biljana Marjanovic-Painter
- The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa.,Department of Science and Technology, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mike Sathekge
- University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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5
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Azumah R, Dutta J, Somboro A, Ramtahal M, Chonco L, Parboosing R, Bester L, Kruger H, Naicker T, Essack S, Govender T. In vitro
evaluation of metal chelators as potential metallo- β -lactamase inhibitors. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:860-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Azumah
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
- Antimicrobial Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - J. Dutta
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - A.M. Somboro
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
- Antimicrobial Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - M. Ramtahal
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
- Antimicrobial Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - L. Chonco
- Department of Virology; National Health Laboratory Service; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - R. Parboosing
- Department of Virology; National Health Laboratory Service; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - L.A. Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - H.G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - T. Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - S.Y. Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - T. Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit; School of Health Sciences; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal; Durban South Africa
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