Isolation Purification and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides from Cuminum cyminum L. Seeds

Trypsin Inhibitor Isolated From Glycine max (Soya Bean) Extraction, Purification, and Characterization

The current study aims to isolate, purify, and characterize the trypsin inhibitor protein from seeds of soya beans, scientifically known as Glycine max. Its seeds were ground, and the powder was soaked several times using n-hexane. It was added to phosphate buffer saline (PBS) followed by filtration and centrifugation of the PBS dissolved extract. The supernatant was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation and about six fractions, 30% to 80% were prepared. The centrifuged pellets obtained from each fraction were dialyzed and run on SDS-PAGE. The trypsin inhibitor protein was precipitated and characterized in 30% pellet and molecular weight was 21.5 kDa compared to protein ladder (ThermoFisher 10-170 kDa). GC-MS analysis revealed the steroid derivatives such as stigmasterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, and gamma-tocopherol. Glycine max trypsin inhibitor could be used as a plant-derived drug to overcome the over-activation of trypsin without its real substrate (proteins) becoming activated and start auto digestion leading to pancreatitis.

A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical research of dietary spice Cuminum cyminum L

Cuminum cyminum L. is a versatile spice belonging to family Apiaceae. Though the plant has pan-tropical distribution but it is indigenous to Egypt, the Mediterranean, and South Asian countries. It exhibits numerous culinary, traditional, and pharmacological attributes. Its traditional uses also validate its immense pharmacological potential. Cuminum cyminum is the hub of numerous bioactives such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and so forth. Cuminaldehyde is the major bioactive, rendered to most of its pharmacological as well as clinical significance. The present study comprised of current knowledge on its taxonomy, nutritional, traditional, phytochemistry, pharmacology (antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic, wound healing, anticancer, etc.), toxicology, and clinical attributes. Besides, the mechanism of action is also well explained. The present study provides a rationale for further bioprospection of this wonder plant. Future studies are needed to fill the research gaps, particularly on relevant phytocompound isolation, their pre-clinical and clinical characterization, evaluation, and structure-activity relationship. Moreover, well-designed and highly appropriate clinical and placebo trials are still needed to demonstrate the trustworthy role of cumin on human health.

Isolation and Evaluation of Bioactive Protein and Peptide from Domestic Animals' Bone Marrow

In this work, proteins and peptides were isolated from four kinds of animal bone marrow and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of these proteins were investigated in vitro. The nutritional value was evaluated by analyzing their free amino acid composition. The results indicates that all of the extracts appeared two bands at SDS-PAGE, the peptide band at 4.1⁻10 kDa and protein band at 66 kDa, these data are consistent with LC/MS results. FT-IR analysis showed that the secondary structure of protein mainly consists of α-helix. SEM micrographs revealed that the fractions have different morphological characteristics. Horse bone marrow protein (HBMP) showed the highest antioxidant activity to DPPH free radical, IC₅₀ value was 0.573 mg/mL. Most of the obtained fractions showed antimicrobial activities towards Escherichiacoli (EC) and Candida albicans (CA). Total free amino acid content ranged between 5.15⁻49.60 mg/g, and among them, HBMP displayed the highest abundance, 49.7 mg/g, which amino acid composition ratio approached the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) ideal amino acid pattern recommendation. This study provides fundamental knowledge and a basic study method for the research into and development of animal bone marrow proteins and peptides as functional food and drug resources.