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Zhang Y, Wu G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jin Q, Zhang H. Advances in exogenous docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids: Sources, positional isomerism, biological activities, and advantages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1420-1448. [PMID: 33337094 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have attracted much attention because of theirs unique health benefits. Compared with other forms of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-PLs possess superior biological effects (e.g., anticancer, lipid metabolism regulation, visual development, and brain and nervous system biochemical reactions), more intricate metabolism mechanisms, and a stronger attraction to consumer. The production of DHA-PLs is hampered by several challenges associated with the limited content of DHA-PLs in natural sources, incomplete utilization of by-products, few microorganisms for DHA-PLs production, high cost, and complex process of artificial preparation of DHA-PLs. In this article, the sources, biological activities, and commercial applications of DHA-PLs were summarized, with intensive discussions on advantages of DHA-PLs over DHA, isomerism of DHA in phospholipids (PLs), and brain health. The excellent biological characteristics of DHA-PLs are primarily concerned with DHA and PLs. The metabolic fate of different DHA-PLs varies from the position of DHA in PLs to polar groups in DHA-PLs. Overall, well understanding of DHA-PLs about their sources and characteristics is critical to accelerate the production of DHA-PLs, economically enhance the value of DHA-PLs, and improve the applicability of DHA-PLs and the acceptance of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Moloudizargari M, Mortaz E, Asghari MH, Adcock IM, Redegeld FA, Garssen J. Effects of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, on hematological malignancies: a systematic review. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11858-11875. [PMID: 29545942 PMCID: PMC5837752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have well established anti-cancer properties. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are among this biologically active family of macromolecules for which various anti-cancer effects have been explained. These PUFAs have a high safety profile and can induce apoptosis and inhibit growth of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, following a partially selective manner. They also increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by increasing the sensitivity of different cell lines to specific anti-neoplastic drugs. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the anti-cancer effects of these omega-3 PUFAs; however, the exact mechanisms still remain unknown. While numerous studies have investigated the effects of DHA and EPA on solid tumors and the responsible mechanisms, there is no consensus regarding the effects and mechanisms of action of these two FAs in hematological malignancies. Here, we performed a systematic review of the beneficial effects of EPA and DHA on hematological cell lines as well as the findings of related in vivo studies and clinical trials. We summarize the key underlying mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of these PUFAs in the treatment of hematological cancers. Differential expression of apoptosis-regulating genes and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gp-x4), varying abilities of different cancerous and healthy cells to metabolize EPA into its more active metabolites and to uptake PUFAS are among the major factors that determine the sensitivity of cells to DHA and EPA. Considering the abundance of data on the safety of these FAs and their proven anti-cancer effects in hematological cell lines and the lack of related human studies, further research is warranted to find ways of exploiting the anticancer effects of DHA and EPA in clinical settings both in isolation and in combination with other therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Fujita K, Nomura Y, Sawajiri M, Mohapatra PK, El-Shemy HA, Nguyen NT, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Maeda T, Saneoka H, Fujita S, Fujita T. The extracts of Japanese willow tree species are effective forapoptotic desperation or differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:125-31. [PMID: 24914277 PMCID: PMC4048558 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.131023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The antileukemic activity of hot water extract of plant parts of some Japanese willow tree species grown at different levels of nitrogen were examined. Materials and Methods: Water extracts of willow leaves were prepared for this studies in different level of nitrogen nutrition. Results: The extracts obtained from the leaves and stem exhibited anti-leukemic activities prominently. The crude hot water extracts of the young growing parts including apex, matured leaves and stem, killed the blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, (HL60 and NB4) after 48h incubation, however, such desperation was far less in the root extract. Similar to the plant parts, response of extracts obtained from different willow species was not identical; the proportion of dead cells relative to whole cells of the culture medium ranged from 21% to 93% among the species. Leaf extracts obtained from the responsive willow species decreased the live cell percentage and increased the dead cell percentage at higher level of nitrogen nutrition. The mode of desperation of leaf extract treated AML cells in such species appeared to be cell apoptosis as shown by binding with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -labeled Annexin V. Conclusion: Differentiation of alive AML cells continued unabated and apoptosis was poor when extract of an unresponsive species added to the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Nomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima - 734-0037, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sawajiri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima - 734-0037, Japan
| | - Pravat K Mohapatra
- School of Life Science, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, India
| | - Hany A El-Shemy
- Cairo Universty Research Park, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Nguyen T Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Fisheriers Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Graduate School of Fisheriers Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Teruo Maeda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Fazenda Fuiita LLC, Nanaehama, HOkuto, 049-0111, Japan
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5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors potentiate 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced monocytic differentiation by activating p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 330:229-38. [PMID: 19415458 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines HL-60, and to some extent NB-4, with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD3) induces differentiation toward the monocytic/macrophage lineage, demonstrated by the increased expression of CD11b and CD14, and the production of opsonized zymosan particles (OZP)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, in more sensitive HL-60 cells, increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPO), Mcl-1, IkappaB, and c-Jun, accompanied by the activation of p38 MAPK, was detected. These VD3 effects on HL-60 cell differentiation were significantly potentiated by 5-LPO inhibitors MK-886 and AA-861 and were inverted by SB202190 (SB), a p38 MAPK inhibitor. The inhibition of differentiation by SB was demonstrated by a reduction of CD14 expression and by a decrease in OZP-activated ROS production. These results indicated that p38 MAPK pathway is involved in 5-LPO inhibitors-dependent potentiation of VD3-induced monocytic differentiation.
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Nagao K, Yanagita T. Bioactive lipids in metabolic syndrome. Prog Lipid Res 2008; 47:127-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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