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Ijaz MU, Mustafa S, Batool R, Naz H, Ahmed H, Anwar H. Ameliorative effect of herbacetin against cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221132140. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221132140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Herbacetin (HBN) is a glycosylated flavonoid, which possesses numerous pharmacological properties. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is a chemotherapeutic drug that adversely affects the kidneys. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the curative potential of HBN against CYC-induced nephrotoxicity. Sprague Dawley rats ( n = 48) were randomly divided into four groups: control (0.1% DMSO + food), CYC (150 mg/kg b.wt.), CYC+HBN (150 + 40 mg/kg b.wt.), and HBN (40mg/kg b.wt.). CYC treatment significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GSR) while elevating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment with HBN significantly recovered the activity of CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSR while reducing the concentrations of ROS and MDA. Moreover, an increase in the level of renal functional markers, including Urea, creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and a decrease in creatinine clearance after CYC administration was recovered to control values by HBN treatment. Furthermore, HBN treatment normalized the increased levels of inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after CYC administration. Besides, HBN administration increased the expression of anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2) while decreasing the apoptotic markers (Bax and Caspase-3). Furthermore, HBN decreased the activities of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes (ICDH, αKGDH, SDH, and MDH) as well as renal mitochondrial respiratory-chain complexes (I-IV) and repolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Additionally, HBN administration significantly protected against renal histological damage induced by CYC. In conclusion, CYC-induced toxicity was effectively ameliorated by the HBN administration. These results indicate that HBN might be considered as a potential protective agent against nephrotoxicity. The observed protection may be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shama Mustafa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Batool
- Directorate of Board of Advanced Studies and Research, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Naz
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Xu M, Li X, Song L, Tao C, Fang J, Tao L. Lupeol alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice via downregulating toll-like receptor 4. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520910908. [PMID: 32290748 PMCID: PMC7158257 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of lupeol in a mouse model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3). Methods Mice were separated into controls (DMEM, n = 20) and CVB3 infected groups (i.e., untreated CVB3 [n = 40]; CVB3 + lupeol 50 mg/kg [n = 40]; CVB3 + lupeol 100 mg/kg [n = 40]; CVB3 + small interfering RNA (siRNA)- toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) [n = 20]; siRNA + EXP-H mice [n = 20]). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western-blot assay, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay and histopathology were performed to investigate the cardioprotective role of lupeol. Results The elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVB3-infected mice (i.e., interleukin-1β [IL-1β]; interleukin-6 [IL-6]; tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were significantly reduced by lupeol 50 or 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, the mRNA level and protein level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were inhibited by lupeol. Conclusions Lupeol alleviates CVB3-induced viral myocarditis and myocardial damage in mice. The underlying mechanism may due to downregulation of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China *Ming Xu and Xiaoyong Li are co-first authors
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China *Ming Xu and Xiaoyong Li are co-first authors
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Tesfaye BA, Berhe AH, Wondafrash DZ, Berhe DF. Cardioprotective Effect of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Urtica simensis Leaves on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:147-160. [PMID: 33628065 PMCID: PMC7897978 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s270038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are becoming the major cause of death. Urtica simensis is one of endogenous plant which treats a wide range of disease conditions including heart diseases. However, there is limited information on safety and efficacy of the plant. Objective To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, the in vivo cardioprotective activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Urtica simensis leaves on cyclophosphamide-induced myocardial injury. Methods The cardioprotective activity of the crude extract, aqueous and hexane fraction of Urtica simensis leaves was evaluated based on anatomical, biochemical and histopathological methods. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the plant was also assayed in terms of free radical scavenging activity (RSA). Results Crude extract and solvent fractions of Urtica simensis significantly prevented the deleterious effect of cyclophosphamide on body weight (P<0.001), heart weight to body ratio (P<0.01), cardiac biomarkers including troponin I (P<0.01), alanine transaminase (ALT) (P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.01) and lipid profiles including triglycerides (P<0.001) and total cholesterol (P<0.01). The histopathological study confirmed presence of necrosis, oedema and haemorrhage on cyclophosphamide alone-treated groups while the 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the crude extract and aqueous fraction showed normal cardiocytes. The antioxidant assay of Urtica simensis plant exhibited free radical scavenging activity of inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) for the crude extract with the values of 63.27µg/mL, aqueous fraction with the values of 136.38µg/mL and hexane fraction with the values of 258.70µg/mL. Conclusion Crude extract and solvent fractions of Urtica simensis leaves have cardioprotective activities. The cardioprotective effect could be attributed to the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. However, this requires further in-depth understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Hadgu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Derbew Fikadu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Liu K, Zhang X, Xie L, Deng M, Chen H, Song J, Long J, Li X, Luo J. Lupeol and its derivatives as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105373. [PMID: 33316380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid that widely exists in edible fruits and vegetables, and medicinal plants. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of lupeol have been conducted and have demonstrated that lupeol possesses an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that absorption of lupeol by animals was rapid despite its nonpolar characteristics, and lupeol belongs to class II BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) compounds. Moreover, the bioactivities of some isolated or synthesized lupeol derivatives have been investigated, and these results showed that, with modification to C-3 or C-19, some derivatives exhibit stronger activities, e.g., antiprotozoal or anticancer activity. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of lupeol in the last decade with an emphasis on its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the research progress of lupeol derivatives thus far, to provide researchers with the latest information, point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Meng Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Liu L, Huo G, Li C. Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0318 Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Immunity and Metabolic Disorders in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:731. [PMID: 31031723 PMCID: PMC6473033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX), a clinically important antineoplastic drug, also leads to some side effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in the consumer. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) KLDS1.0318 preserved in our laboratory was orally administered to CTX-treated mice to explore its potential effects to attenuate the toxic effects of CTX-induced by modulating intestinal immune response, promoting intestinal integrity and improving metabolic profile. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups including normal control group (NC; non-CTX with sterile saline), model control group (MC; CTX-treated with sterile saline), CTX-treated with L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 (10 mL/kg) groups with three different doses (KLDS1.0318-L, 5 × 107 CFU/mL; KLDS1.0318-M, 5 × 108 CFU/mL; KLDS1.0318-H, 5 × 109 CFU/mL), and CTX-treated with levamisole hydrochloride (40 mg/kg) as a positive control (PC) group. After receiving the bacterium for 20 days, samples of small intestine and colonic contents were collected for different analyses. The results revealed that the levels of cytokines secreted by Th1 cells (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) in probiotic treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the MC group. Histopathological results showed that L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 favorably recovered CTX-induced abnormal intestinal morphology by improving the villus height and crypt depth as well as quantity of goblet cells and mucins production. Compared to CTX alone-treated group, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly increased and the levels of pH and ammonia were decreased significantly with high dose L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 supplementation. Compared with mice in CTX alone-treated group, mice in three groups of KLDS1.0318 had increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased Escherichia and Enterococcus in their cecal content. The present findings suggested that L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 could be of significant advantage to mitigate the harmful effects of CTX and improve the intestinal health in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Qian P, Peng CH, Ye X. Interstitial pneumonia induced by cyclophosphamide: A case report and review of the literature. Respir Med Case Rep 2019; 26:212-214. [PMID: 30733918 PMCID: PMC6354618 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, interstitial lung disease significantly increases and it is difficult to treat. Cyclophosphamide(CP) is one drug administrated in interstitial lung disease, which can also cause pulmonary fibrosis and lung function lesion. This article present a case which exacerbated interstitial pneumonia after treatment by CP, aiming to enhance the understanding of the side effects of CP and standardize usage of the CP. Case presentation A patient of nephrotic syndrome administrated with CP suffered respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was compatible with interstitial pneumonia(IP). After treating with multimodal combination therapy (corticosteroids, immune globulins), the patient survived. The clinical characteristics of CP-related lung toxicity and/or pulmonary fibrosis should be paid more attention to avoid the serious outcomes. Conclusion Although interstitial lung disease induced by CP is rare, with the current widespread usage of CP increases the risks of diffuse interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, which need to be noted in time to get early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Qian
- ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.,Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chun Hong Peng
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xianwei Ye
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Inafuku M, Basyuni M, Oku H. Triterpenoid modulates the salt tolerance of lanosterol synthase deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GIL77. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1-9. [PMID: 29379348 PMCID: PMC5775075 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of triterpenoid on the salt tolerance of lanosterol synthase deficient yeast mutant GIL77. The expression of the triterpenoid synthase gene under GAL1 promoter in GIL77 increased the triterpenoid concentration of both whole cell and plasma membrane fractions. Without the induction of the genes, the growth curve of BgbAS or RsM1 transformant depicted patterns similar to control cells in both the presence and absence of salt with growth inhibition at 500 mM NaCl. The induction of BgbAS and RsM1 gene expression slightly repressed growth compared with control cells in the absence of NaCl. The growth of GIL77 was significantly suppressed by the expression of BgbAS or RsM1 under salinity conditions. Of the triterpenoid synthase genes, BgbAS rather than RsM1 was found to strongly inhibit the growth of GIL77 cells under salt stressed conditions. The expression of the triterpenoid synthase gene in GIL77 also influenced their tolerance to other abiotic stresses. In contrast to the endogenous synthesis, the exogenous supply of triterpenoid in the culture medium appeared to occur in the plasma membrane fraction and enhanced the salt tolerance of GIL77. This study thus discussed the physiological significance of triterpenoid in relation to its possible role in modulating salt tolerance.
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Key Words
- BgLUS, lupeol synthase
- BgbAS, β-amyrin synthase
- FID, flame ionization detector
- GC, gas chromatography
- GIL77
- LS, lanosterol synthase
- MES, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid
- OSCs, oxidosqualene cyclase
- Oxidosqualene cyclase gene
- RsM1, multifunctional triterpenoid synthase
- S.E.M., standard error of the mean
- SC, synthetic complete
- Salt tolerance
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- Triterpenoids
- Yeast
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Inafuku
- Department of Applied Biological Information, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Department of Applied Biological Information, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Elshater AEA, Haridy MA, Salman MM, Fayyad AS, Hammad S. Fullerene C60 nanoparticles ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Alhumaidha KA, Saleh DO, Abd El Fattah MA, El-Eraky WI, Moawad H. Cardiorenal protective effect of taurine against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in albino rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:131-139. [PMID: 26695545 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant diseases and autoimmune disorders. Its clinical use is limited to its marked cardiorenal toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of taurine (Tau; 200 mg·kg-1 per day, i.p.) on CP-induced cardiorenal toxicity. CP (200 mg·kg-1) was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection whereas; Tau was administered for 3 weeks on a daily basis. The results showed that CP produced an elevation in serum activities of creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine as well as blood urea nitrogen. CP also induced an elevation in the oxidative stress markers viz. elevation in the serum lipid peroxides level (measured as malondialdehyde; MDA) and reduction in reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in both heart and renal tissue. On the other hand, administration of Tau attenuated the CP-evoked disturbances in the above mentioned parameters. In addition, CP exhibited electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, which were significantly reversed by Tau treatment. Finally, the histopathological examination emphasized the obtained results. In conclusion, Tau is suggested to be a potential candidate to ameliorate CP-induced cardiorenal toxicity that may be related to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Alhumaidha
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd El Fattah
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Wafaa I El-Eraky
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy Moawad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Yi LT, Li J, Su DX, Dong JF, Li CF. Hypouricemic effect of the methanol extract from Prunus mume fruit in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1423-1427. [PMID: 22856880 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.683115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The fruit of the Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc (Rosaceae) is used as a health food or medicinal material in traditional herb medicine for a long time in Eastern Asian countries. OBJECTIVE Our present study investigated the hypouricemic effect of the methanol extract from P. mume fruit (MPMF) in mice with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuremia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of MPMF (35, 70 and 140 mg/kg, p.o.) administrated for 7 days on the serum, liver, urinary uric acid levels and liver xanthine oxidase (XO) activity were assessed in mice. RESULTS Hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate demonstrated an elevation in serum and liver uric acid levels (11.0 mg/dL and 0.52 mg/g tissue) and a reduction in urinary uric acid levels (49.9 mg/dL). Oral administration of 140 mg/kg MPMF for 7 days reversed the abnormalities in serum, liver and urinary uric acid levels (7.1 mg/dL, 0.37 mg/g tissue and 69.7 mg/dL, respectively). In addition, 70 and 140 mg/kg MPMF (3.1 and 2.9 nmol/min per mg protein) inhibited liver XO activity compared with hyperuricemic mice (3.9 nmol/min per mg protein). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicated that the beneficial hypouricaemic effect of MPMF may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting XO activity in the liver. Our study suggests that P. mume and its extracts may have a considerable potential for development as an anti-gout agent for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian province, PR China.
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Baliga MS, Thilakchand KR, Rai MP, Rao S, Venkatesh P. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael) and Its Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:187-96. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735412451320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aegle marmelos, commonly known as Bael and belonging to the family Rutaceae is an important medicinal plant in the traditional Indian system of medicine, the Ayurveda. The extract prepared by boiling the bark, leaves or roots in water is useful as laxative, febrifuge, and expectorant. The extract is also useful in ophthalmia, deafness, inflammations, catarrh, diabetes, and asthmatic complaints. The fruits are used in treating diarrhea, dysentery, stomach ache, and cardiac ailments. Scientific studies have validated many of Bael’s ethnomedicinal properties and its potential antimicrobial effects, hypoglycemic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, demulcent, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, wound-healing, insecticidal, and gastroprotective properties. In addition, studies have also shown that Bael and some of the Bael phytochemicals possess antineoplastic, radioprotective, chemoprotective, and chemopreventive effects, properties efficacious in the treatment and prevention of cancer. For the first time, the current review summarizes the results related to these properties and emphasizes aspects that require further investigation for Bael’s safe and effective use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh Rao
- Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bhattacharjee A, Shashidhara SC, Aswathanarayana. Phytochemical and ethno-pharmacological profile of Crataeva nurvala Buch-Hum (Varuna): A review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Abd El Tawab AM. The relative efficacy of aminoguanidine and pentoxifylline in modulating endotoxin-induced cardiac stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:694-702. [PMID: 21976268 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, and pentoxifylline (PTX), a tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac stress. Rats were divided into four groups: group I served as a control, group II (LPS) received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg·kg(-1) ), group III (LPS+AG) and group IV (LPS+PTX) were injected with either AG (100 mg·kg(-1) ) or PTX (150 mg·kg(-1) ) intraperitoneally 10 days prior to LPS administration. Normalization of cardiac levels of nitrite/nitrate (NO(X) ), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activities was evident in the AG group. Both AG and PTX decreased the elevated serum TNF-α levels, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO). The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) were enhanced following AG and PTX pretreatments. Calcium (Ca(2+) ) levels were altered, and the histopathological observations supported the described results. Conclusively, the study highlights the cardioprotective potential of AG and PTX with superior results from AG. These findings reveal the relative contribution of nitric oxide and TNF-α to oxidative stress and energy failure during endotoxemia.
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Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga. Alstonia scholaris Linn R Br in the treatment and prevention of cancer: past, present, and future. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 9:261-9. [PMID: 20702494 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410376068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alstonia scholaris, commonly known as devil's tree, is an important medicinal plant in the various folk and traditional systems of medicine in Asia, Australia, and Africa. The decoction, mostly prepared from the bark, is used to treat a variety of diseases of which the most important is malaria. Furthermore, ethnomedicinal practices also suggest it to be of use in treating cancer, and preclinical studies performed with cultured neoplastic cells and tumor-bearing animals having validated these observations. Additionally, the phytochemicals like echitamine, alstonine, pleiocarpamine, O-methylmacralstonine, macralstonine, and lupeol are also reported to possess antineoplastic effects. In addition to the cytotoxic effects, A scholaris is also observed to possess radiomodulatory, chemomodulatory, and chemopreventive effects and free-radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and immunomodulatory activities, all of which are properties efficacious in the treatment and prevention of cancer. The current review for the first time summarizes the results related to these properties. An attempt is also made to address the lacunae in these published studies and emphasize aspects that need further investigations for it to be of use in clinics in the future.
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Motawi TM, Sadik NA, Refaat A. Cytoprotective effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid or squalene on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative injury: An experimental study on rat myocardium, testicles and urinary bladder. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2326-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Todorova V, Vanderpool D, Blossom S, Nwokedi E, Hennings L, Mrak R, Klimberg VS. Oral glutamine protects against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental rats through increase of cardiac glutathione. Nutrition 2009; 25:812-7. [PMID: 19251394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of supplemental oral glutamine (GLN) on acute cardiotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in experimental rats. The dose-related cardiotoxicity of CPA is associated with a rapid decrease in cardiac glutathione (GSH) and oxidative cardiac injury. GLN is a rate-limiting precursor for GSH synthesis during periods of oxidative and other types of stress when it becomes a conditionally essential amino acid. METHODS Forty-four male Fischer 344 rats were randomized into two groups to receive 1 g.kg(-1).d(-1) of GLN or glycine by gavage. After 2 d of prefeeding, each of these groups was further randomized into three subgroups to receive intraperitoneally a lethal dose of CPA (450 mg/kg), a sublethal dose of CPA (200 mg/kg), or saline (controls). Twenty-four hours later all six groups of rats were sacrificed and blood GLN was measured. Cardiac tissue was examined for histopathologic alterations: GSH and oxidized GSH concentrations. RESULTS The results showed that dietary GLN decreased cardiac necrosis and maintained normal cardiac GSH levels. Elevated cardiac GSH levels in the GLN group correlated with increased arterial GLN levels. GLN protected against the acute cardiotoxic effects of CPA and significantly improved the short-term survival after lethal and sublethal doses of CPA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that GLN may protect against CPA-related cardiac injury through maintenance of cardiac GSH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Todorova
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
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Nigam N, Prasad S, Shukla Y. Preventive effects of lupeol on DMBA induced DNA alkylation damage in mouse skin. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2331-5. [PMID: 17637493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that occur through DNA strand breaks are the precursors of the variety of genetic disorders including cancer. Life style and dietary habits are considered as major determinants in causation and prevention of genetic diseases. Epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that plant derived compounds have the potential to prevent a number of genetic diseases. Therefore, use of nutraceuticals can be an important and convenient tool for chemoprevention. Polyphenolic phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin gallate flavonoids quercetin, genistein, curcumin and resveratrol constitute a class of nutraceuticals with notable efficacy in preclinical models of carcinogenesis. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene present in mango, is a biologically active compound that has been reported to possess a number of pharmacological properties in the in vivo and in vitro studies. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lupeol on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), induced DNA strand breaks in mouse skin, using an alkaline unwinding assay. Increasing doses of lupeol (50-200 microg/mouse) were given topically, prior or after the single topical application of DMBA (100 microg/mouse) with the sampling time of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. Both pre and post treatment of lupeol showed significant (p<0.001) preventive effects in DMBA induced DNA strand breaks in dose and time dependent manner. The pre-treatment of lupeol at the dose of 200 microg/mouse showed 56.05% prevention, and post-treatment at the same dose showed 43.26% prevention, at 96 h time interval, against DMBA induced DNA strand breakage. The results suggest preventive effects of lupeol on DMBA induced DNA alkylation damage in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nigam
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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