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Yoshikawa MH, Rabelo NN, Telles JPM, Figueiredo EG. Modifiable risk factors for glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:143. [PMID: 37340151 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive glioma histological subtype, associated with high disability and poor survival. The etiology of this condition is still mostly unknown, and evidence about risk factors is elusive. The aim of this study is to identify modifiable risk factors for GBM. Electronic search was performed by two reviewers independently using the keywords and MeSH terms 'glioblastoma' OR 'glioma' OR 'brain tumor' AND 'risk factor'. The inclusion criteria were (1) observational studies or experimental studies on humans, (2) studies assessing the association between glioblastoma and exposure to modifiable conditions, and (3) studies published in English or Portuguese. Studies on the pediatric population or about exposure to ionizing radiation were excluded. A total of 12 studies were included. Seven were case-control studies, and five were cohort studies. The risk factors assessed included body mass index, alcohol consumption, exposure to magnetic fields, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). No significant link was found between GBM incidence and DM2 or magnetic field exposure. On the other hand, higher BMI, alcohol consumption, and NSAID use demonstrated a protective effect on GMB risk. However, given the limited number of studies, it is not possible to obtain a behavioral recommendation; instead, these findings are relevant to guide future basic scientific studies on GBM oncogenesis.
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2
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Wang J, Xiang C, Cai Y, Mei Z, Lu Q, Liu B, Zou L. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of COX-2 in glioma patients: a meta-analysis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:1254-1261. [PMID: 36580964 PMCID: PMC9800163 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been identified as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in gliomas. Nevertheless, the clinical and prognostic significance of COX-2 in glioma patients remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation of COX-2 with the prognosis in glioma patients. METHODS Eligible studies on this subject were included, and pooled odd ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots, and heterogeneity and sensitivity were analyzed as well. RESULTS In the present study, 11 articles with a total of 641 patients were included. The high expression of COX-2 in glioma patients was negatively associated with overall survival (OS) (n = 11; HR = 2.26; 95%CI = 1.79-2.86), and the subgroup analysis showed no differences in OS between Asian (n = 5; HR = 2.16; 95%CI = 1.57-2.97) and non-Asian (n = 6; HR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.69-3.38) glioma patients. The Begg funnel plots test indicated that there was no evident risk of publication bias in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that COX-2 could be recommended as a useful pathological and prognostic biomarker in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- China Three Gorges University, The People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Chenyan Xiang
- China Three Gorges University, The People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yi Cai
- China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Yichang, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Yichang, China.
| | - Ziyi Mei
- China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Yichang, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Yichang, China.
| | - Qianqian Lu
- China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Yichang, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Yichang, China.
| | - Binbin Liu
- China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Yichang, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Yichang, China.
| | - Lili Zou
- China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Yichang, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Yichang, China.,Address for correspondence Lili Zou
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Feng D, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhao X, Sun H, Zheng X, Zhu J, Shang F. Micheliolide suppresses the viability, migration and invasion of U251MG cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:67. [PMID: 32863900 PMCID: PMC7436293 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Micheliolide (MCL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Michelia compressa and Michelia champaca, has been used previously to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. MCL has exerted various therapeutic effects in numerous types of disease, such as inflammatory and cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, its underlying anticancer mechanism remains to be understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MCL on human glioma U251MG cells and to determine the potential anticancer mechanism of action of MCL. From Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, apoptosis assay and Confocal immunofluorescence imaging analysis, the results revealed that MCL significantly inhibited cell viability in vitro and induced cell apoptosis via activation of the cytochrome c/caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, MCL also suppressed cell invasion and metastasis via the wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Furthermore, western blot and reverse transcription PCR analyses demonstrated that MCL significantly downregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels, which may have partially occurred through the inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that MCL may inhibit glioma carcinoma growth by downregulating the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway, which suggested that MCL may be a novel and alternative antitumor agent for the treatment of human glioma carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Fajun Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
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4
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Su P, Ahmad B, Zou K, Zou L. β-Elemene Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via PI3K/AKT, RAF-MEK-ErK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5207-5222. [PMID: 32606741 PMCID: PMC7294576 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common chemotherapeutic drug for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), but its therapeutic index is low due to its toxicity. β-Elemene (ELE) possesses antitumor activity against different cancers, but it has never been used in combination with 5-FU to improve its chemotherapeutic effect against TNBC. Materials and Methods We treated MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells of TNBC with ELE alone, 5-FU alone, or their combination to investigate their treatment effects on cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. We verified the molecular mechanisms of our results through confocal immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis in vitro and in vivo. Results Our result revealed that ELE enhanced the 5-FU effect against cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation through different mechanisms in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell lines. In molecular mechanisms, ELE and 5-FU in combination enhances apoptosis in both cell lines through Bl-2 family protein and caspase cascade modulation, thereby inhibiting NF-kB pathway through IKKβ, IKKα, and p65 downregulation in the cytoplasm and p50 and p65 downregulation in the nucleus. ELE and 5-FU in combination regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway through p-AKT, P-85, p110r, p-PDK1, and p110a protein and RAF-MEK-ERK pathway inhibition through the p-c-raf and p-ERK downregulation. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or RAF-MEK-ERK inhibitor U0126 in combination with ELE and 5-FU decreased cell viability in both cell lines significantly, thereby showing the involvement of these pathways in cell apoptosis. In mouse xenograft model, ELE and 5-FU in combination inhibited the tumor growth and modulated its molecular markers. Conclusion The conclusion obtained, considering that the results suggest that the combination may be important specifically in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Integrin αvβ3 in the Mediating Effects of Dihydrotestosterone and Resveratrol on Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082906. [PMID: 32326308 PMCID: PMC7216104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones and their receptors play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Hormones regulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells through binding between estrogen or progestins and steroid receptors that may reside in the cytoplasm or be transcriptionally activated as steroid–protein nuclear receptor complexes. However, receptors for nonpeptide hormones also exist in the plasma membrane. Via those receptors, hormones are able to stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation when activated. Integrins are heterodimeric structural proteins of the plasma membrane. Their primary functions are to interact with extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors. Recently, integrin αvβ3 has been identified as a receptor for nonpeptide hormones, such as thyroid hormone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT promotes the proliferation of human breast cancer cells through binding to integrin αvβ3. A receptor for resveratrol, a polyphenol stilbene, also exists on this integrin in breast cancer cells, mediating the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic action of the compound in these cells. Unrelated activities of DHT and resveratrol that originate at integrin depend upon downstream stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, ERK1/2) activity, suggesting the existence of distinct, function-specific pools of ERK1/2 within the cell. This review will discuss the features of these receptors in breast cancer cells, in turn suggesting clinical applications that are based on the interactions of resveratrol/DHT with integrin αvβ3 and other androgen receptors.
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Xing JS, Wang X, Lan YL, Lou JC, Ma B, Zhu T, Zhang H, Wang D, Yu Z, Yuan Z, Li XY, Zhang B. Isoalantolactone inhibits IKKβ kinase activity to interrupt the NF-κB/COX-2-mediated signaling cascade and induces apoptosis regulated by the mitochondrial translocation of cofilin in glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1655-1670. [PMID: 30740911 PMCID: PMC6488112 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone (IATL), a sesquiterpene lactone compound, possesses many pharmacological and biological activities, but its role in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment is still unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antiglioma effects of IATL and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In the current study, the biological functions of IATL were examined by MTT, cell migration, colony formation, and cell apoptosis assays. Confocal immunofluorescence techniques, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and pull‐down assays were used to explore the precise underlying molecular mechanisms. To examine IATL activity and the molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits glioma growth in vivo, we used a xenograft tumor mouse model. Furthermore, Western blotting was used to confirm the changes in protein expression after IATL treatment. According to the results, IATL inhibited IKKβ phosphorylation, thus inhibiting both the binding of NF‐κB to the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) promoter and the recruitment of p300 and eventually inhibiting COX‐2 expression. In addition, IATL induced glioma cell apoptosis by promoting the conversion of F‐actin to G‐actin, which in turn activates the cytochrome c (Cyt c) and caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathways. In the animal experiments, IATL reduced the size and weight of glioma tumors in xenograft mice and inhibited the expression of COX‐2 and phosphorylated NF‐κB p65 in the transplanted tumors. In conclusion, the current study indicated that IATL inhibited the expression of COX‐2 through the NF‐κB signaling pathway and induced the apoptosis of glioma cells by increasing actin transformation. These results suggested that IATL could be greatly effective in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingzhun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhikuan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongbo Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Zhao J, Zhu J, Lv X, Xing J, Liu S, Chen C, Xu Y. Curcumin potentiates the potent antitumor activity of ACNU against glioblastoma by suppressing the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5471-5482. [PMID: 29180881 PMCID: PMC5695266 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s149708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive and challenging primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), and currently available treatments provide limited benefits to patients with this disease. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic targets and effective treatment strategies is essential. Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) is widely used as the standard chemotherapeutic agent and is frequently administered together with other chemotherapeutic agents in clinical studies. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could potentially be combined with chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment; however, there are no reports of studies where ACNU and curcumin were combined for GBM treatment, and the mechanisms underlying their activity remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of combined treatment with curcumin and ACNU on GBM cells and found that it significantly enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. In addition, co-treatment with curcumin increased ACNU-induced apoptosis through enhancing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol. Further, curcumin and ACNU acted synergistically in their antitumor effects by targeting N-cadherin/MMP2/9, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB/COX-2 signaling. These results indicate that curcumin can enhance the anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and proapoptotic activities of ACNU against GBM, and provide strong evidence that combined treatment with curcumin and ACNU has the potential to be an effective therapeutic option for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | | | | | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Alantolactone, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has potent antitumor activity against glioblastoma by targeting IKKβ kinase activity and interrupting NF-κB/COX-2-mediated signaling cascades. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:93. [PMID: 28701209 PMCID: PMC5508758 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most refractory and palindromic central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, and current treatments have poor effects in GBM patients. Hence, the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of effective treatment strategies are essential. Alantolactone (ATL) has a wide range of pharmacological activities, and its anti-tumor effect is receiving increasing attention. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-GBM activity of ATL remains poorly understood. Methods The biological functions of ATL in GBM cells were investigated using migration/invasion, colony formation and cell cycle/apoptosis assays. The localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p50/p65 and its binding to the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) promoter were determined using confocal immunofluorescence, a streptavidin-agarose pulldown assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. IKKβ kinase activity was determined using a cell IKKβ kinase activity spectrophotometry quantitative detection kit and a molecular docking study. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the ability of ATL to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of ATL was also analyzed in xenografted nude mice. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expression levels. Results ATL significantly suppressed the growth of GBM in vivo and in vitro. ATL significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 by inhibiting the kinase activity of IKKβ by targeting the ATP-binding site and then attenuating the binding of NF-κB to the COX-2 promoter region. Furthermore, ATL induced apoptosis by activating the cytochrome c (cyt c)/caspase cascade signaling pathway. Moreover, ATL could penetrate the BBB. Conclusions ATL exerts its anti-tumor effects in human GBM cells at least in part via NF-κB/COX-2-mediated signaling cascades by inhibiting IKKβ kinase activity. ATL, which is a natural small molecule inhibitor, is a promising candidate for clinical applications in the treatment of CNS tumors.
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Benedetti E, d'Angelo M, Ammazzalorso A, Gravina GL, Laezza C, Antonosante A, Panella G, Cinque B, Cristiano L, Dhez AC, Astarita C, Galzio R, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Amoroso R, Di Cesare E, Giordano A, Cimini A. PPARα Antagonist AA452 Triggers Metabolic Reprogramming and Increases Sensitivity to Radiation Therapy in Human Glioblastoma Primary Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1458-1466. [PMID: 27736000 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common cancer in the brain and with an increasing incidence. Despite major advances in the field, there is no curative therapy for GB to date. Many solid tumors, including GB, experienced metabolic reprogramming in order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, hypoxic conditions, and angiogenesis. PPARs, member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, are particularly involved in the control of energetic metabolism, particularly lipid metabolism, which has been reported deregulated in gliomas. PPARα was previously indicated by us as a potential therapeutic target for this neoplasm, due to the malignancy grade dependency of its expression, being particularly abundant in GB. In this work, we used a new PPARα antagonist on patient-derived GB primary cells, with particular focus on the effects on lipid metabolism and response to radiotherapy. The results obtained demonstrated that blocking PPARα results in cell death induction, increase of radiosensitivity, and decrease of migration. Therefore, AA452 is proposed as a new adjuvant for the gold standard therapies for GB, opening the possibility for preclinical and clinical trials for this class of compounds. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1458-1466, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Benedetti
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gloria Panella
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anne Chloè Dhez
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carlo Astarita
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Depatment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Assergi, Italy
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10
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Egan KM, Nabors LB, Thompson ZJ, Rozmeski CM, Anic GA, Olson JJ, LaRocca RV, Chowdhary SA, Forsyth PA, Thompson RC. Analgesic use and the risk of primary adult brain tumor. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:917-25. [PMID: 26894804 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma and meningioma are uncommon tumors of the brain with few known risk factors. Regular use of aspirin has been linked to a lower risk of gastrointestinal and other cancers, though evidence for an association with brain tumors is mixed. We examined the association of aspirin and other analgesics with the risk of glioma and meningioma in a large US case-control study. Cases were persons recently diagnosed with glioma or meningioma and treated at medical centers in the southeastern US. Controls were persons sampled from the same communities as the cases combined with friends and other associates of the cases. Information on past use of analgesics (aspirin, other anti-inflammatory agents, and acetaminophen) was collected in structured interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for analgesic use adjusted for potential confounders. All associations were considered according to indication for use. A total of 1123 glioma cases, 310 meningioma cases and 1296 controls were included in the analysis. For indications other than headache, glioma cases were less likely than controls to report regular use of aspirin (OR 0.69; CI 0.56, 0.87), in a dose-dependent manner (P trend < 0.001). No significant associations were observed with other analgesics for glioma, or any class of pain reliever for meningioma. Results suggest that regular aspirin use may reduce incidence of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Egan
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA.
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Neuro-Oncology Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT 1020, 510 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Zachary J Thompson
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA
| | - Carrie M Rozmeski
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA
| | - Gabriella A Anic
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL, 33612-9416, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Rd., NE, Ste. 2200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Renato V LaRocca
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Norton Cancer Institute, 315 E. Broadway, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sajeel A Chowdhary
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Lynn Cancer Institute and the Boca Raton Regional Hospital, 701 NW 13th Street, Boca Raton, FL, 33486, USA
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 691 Preston Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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11
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Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang L, Li X, Chen D. Co-expression of COX-2 and 5-LO in primary glioblastoma is associated with poor prognosis. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:277-85. [PMID: 26334317 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) are important factors in tumorigenesis and malignant progression; however, studies of their roles in glioblastoma have produced conflicting results. To define the frequencies of COX-2 and 5-LO expression and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis, tumor tissues from 76 cases of newly diagnosed primary ordinary glioblastoma were examined for COX-2 and 5-LO expression by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of COX-2 and 5-LO and the relationships between the co-expression of COX-2/5-LO and patient age and gender, edema index (EI), Karnofsky Performance Scale and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. COX-2 and 5-LO were expressed in 73.7 % (56/76) and 92.1 % (70/76) of the samples, respectively. Among the clinicopathological characteristics, only age (>60 years) exhibited a significant association with the high expression of COX-2. No statistically significant correlations were found in the 5-LO cohort. A significant positive correlation was revealed between the COX-2 and 5-LO scores (r = 0.374; p = 0.001). The elevated co-expression of COX-2 and 5-LO was observed primarily in the patients over the age of 60 years. Patients with a high expression of COX-2 had a significantly shorter OS (p < 0.01), whereas the immunoexpression of 5-LO was not associated with the OS of patients with glioblastoma. Survival analysis indicated that simultaneous high levels of COX-2 and 5-LO expression were significantly correlated with poor OS and, conversely, that a low/low expression pattern of these two proteins was significantly associated with better OS (p < 0.05). Moreover, the Cox multivariable proportional hazard model showed that a high expression of COX-2, high co-expression of COX-2 and 5-LO, and a high Ki-67 index were significant predictors of shorter OS in primary glioblastoma, independent of age, gender, EI, 5-LO expression and p53 status. The hazard ratios for OS were 2.347 (95 % CI 1.30-4.25, p = 0.005), 1.900 (95 % CI 1.30-2.78, p = 0.001), and 2.210 (95 % CI 1.19-4.09, p = 0.011), respectively. These results suggest that COX-2 and 5-LO play roles in tumorigenesis and the progression of primary glioblastoma and that the co-expression pattern of COX-2/5-LO may be used as an independent prognostic factor in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Province Governmental Hospital, No. 67 Guping Road, Gulou Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350003, China.
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Dayang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
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Thuy MN, Kam JK, Lee GC, Tao PL, Ling DQ, Cheng M, Goh SK, Papachristos AJ, Shukla L, Wall KL, Smoll NR, Jones JJ, Gikenye N, Soh B, Moffat B, Johnson N, Drummond KJ. A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: Analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:785-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Elsherbiny ME, Emara M, Godbout R. Interaction of brain fatty acid-binding protein with the polyunsaturated fatty acid environment as a potential determinant of poor prognosis in malignant glioma. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:562-70. [PMID: 23981365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common adult brain cancers. In spite of aggressive treatment, recurrence occurs in the great majority of patients and is invariably fatal. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are abundant in brain, particularly ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Although the levels of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are tightly regulated in brain, the ω-6:ω-3 ratio is dramatically increased in malignant glioma, suggesting deregulation of fundamental lipid homeostasis in brain tumor tissue. The migratory properties of malignant glioma cells can be modified by altering the ratio of AA:DHA in growth medium, with increased migration observed in AA-rich medium. This fatty acid-dependent effect on cell migration is dependent on expression of the brain fatty acid binding protein (FABP7) previously shown to bind DHA and AA. Increased levels of enzymes involved in eicosanoid production in FABP7-positive malignant glioma cells suggest that FABP7 is an important modulator of AA metabolism. We provide evidence that increased production of eicosanoids in FABP7-positive malignant glioma growing in an AA-rich environment contributes to tumor infiltration in the brain. We discuss pathways and molecules that may underlie FABP7/AA-mediated promotion of cell migration and FABP7/DHA-mediated inhibition of cell migration in malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Elsherbiny
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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14
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The long pentraxin PTX3 as a correlate of cancer-related inflammation and prognosis of malignancy in gliomas. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 260:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Use of low-dose aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of glioma: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1189-94. [PMID: 23449355 PMCID: PMC3619088 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined the association between use of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and risk of glioma and the results have been equivocal. We therefore investigated the influence of NSAID use on glioma risk in a nationwide setting. Methods: We used national registries in Denmark to identify all patients aged 20–85 years with a first diagnosis of histologically verified glioma during 2000–2009. Each case was matched on birth year and sex to eight population controls using risk-set sampling. We used prescription data to assess NSAID use and classified exposure to low-dose aspirin or non-aspirin (NA) NSAIDs into ever use or long-term use, defined as continuous use for ⩾5 years. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for glioma associated with NSAID use, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: A total of 2688 glioma cases and 18 848 population controls were included in the study. Ever use of low-dose aspirin (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.77–1.04) or NA-NSAIDs (OR=1.05; 95% CI: 0.96–1.14) was not associated with glioma risk. Compared with never use, long-term use of low-dose aspirin or of NA-NSAIDs was associated with ORs of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53–1.21) and 1.11 (0.57–2.17), respectively. We observed no clear patterns of risk in stratified analysis according to estimated doses of low-dose aspirin (⩽100 mg, 150 mg). Conclusion: We did not find any apparent association between aspirin or NA-NSAID use and risk of glioma, although our results may be consistent with a slight reduction in glioma risk with long-term use of low-dose aspirin.
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Hong B, Krusche CA, Schwabe K, Friedrich S, Klein R, Krauss JK, Nakamura M. Cyclooxygenase-2 supports tumor proliferation in vestibular schwannomas. Neurosurgery 2012; 68:1112-7. [PMID: 21221032 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e318208f5c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in tumor growth and neovascularization. However, COX-2 expression in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To analyze the pattern of COX-2 expression in sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-associated VSs and its relationship with tumor proliferation and microvessel density. METHODS Fifteen sporadic and 15 NF2-associated VSs were examined for COX-2 expression, microvessel density, and proliferation rate by immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical scores were used to interpret the extent and intensity of COX-2 staining. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined using von Willebrand factor (vWf). Proliferation rate was quantified using Ki-67. The relationship among COX-2 expression, MVD, and proliferation rate was statistically analyzed. RESULTS COX-2 expression was detected in 29 (96.67%) of 30 VSs, with no significant difference between sporadic and NF2-associated VSs (P = .722). In 6 (20%) VSs, COX-2 expression was graded as strong, in 12 (40%) as moderate, and in 11 (36.7%) as weak. VSs with high proliferation showed significantly higher COX-2 expression (P = .015) than VSs with low proliferation. COX-2 expression and MVD did not show specific biological correlations (P = .035). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that COX-2 is expressed in VSs. High COX-2 expression in VSs with high proliferation rates suggests that the COX-2 pathway may be involved in the development and growth of VSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujung Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Daugherty SE, Moore SC, Pfeiffer RM, Inskip PD, Park Y, Hollenbeck A, Rajaraman P. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glioma in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:2027-34. [PMID: 21885814 PMCID: PMC3388115 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several case-control studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce risk for glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer. Prospective investigations have not observed such an association, but these studies lacked adequate brain cancer case numbers and did not stratify by histologic subtype. We prospectively investigated the association between NSAID use and risk of all glioma as well as the risk of glioblastoma subtype in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study. The frequency of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use 1 year prior to baseline was ascertained using a self-administered questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression models with age as the underlying time metric, adjusted for sex, race, and history of heart disease. The analysis included 302,767 individuals, with 341 incident glioma cases (264 glioblastoma). No association was observed between regular use (>2 times/wk) of aspirin and risk of glioma (HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.87-1.56) or glioblastoma (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.83-1.64) as compared with no use. Null associations were also observed for nonaspirin NSAID use (HR for glioma = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.65-1.25 and HR for glioblastoma = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.56-1.20) as compared with no use. Our findings from this large prospective study do not support an inverse association between NSAIDs and risk of all glioma or glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Daugherty
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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18
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Expression of pERK and pAKT in human astrocytomas: correlation with IDH1-R132H presence, vascular endothelial growth factor, microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome. Virchows Arch 2011; 458:749-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Van Nifterik KA, Van Den Berg J, Slotman BJ, Van Rijn J. Anti-tumour effects by a trimodal combination of temozolomide, meloxicam and X-rays in cultures of human glioma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:192-201. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.519423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Mita R, Beaulieu MJ, Field C, Godbout R. Brain fatty acid-binding protein and omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids: mechanistic insight into malignant glioma cell migration. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37005-15. [PMID: 20834042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.170076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MG) are highly infiltrative tumors that consistently recur despite aggressive treatment. Brain fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7), which binds docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), localizes to sites of tumor infiltration and is associated with a poor prognosis in MG. Manipulation of FABP7 expression in MG cell lines affects cell migration, suggesting a role for FABP7 in tumor infiltration and recurrence. Here, we show that DHA inhibits and AA stimulates migration in an FABP7-dependent manner in U87 MG cells. We demonstrate that DHA binds to and sequesters FABP7 to the nucleus, resulting in decreased cell migration. This anti-migratory effect is partially dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a DHA-activated transcription factor. Conversely, AA-bound FABP7 stimulates cell migration by activating cyclooxygenase-2 and reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels. Our data provide mechanistic insight as to why FABP7 is associated with a poor prognosis in MG and suggest that relative levels of DHA and AA in the tumor environment can make a profound impact on tumor growth properties. We propose that FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands may be key therapeutic targets for controlling the dissemination of MG cells within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mita
- Department of Oncology, School of Cancer, Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2
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21
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De Armas R, Durand K, Guillaudeau A, Weinbreck N, Robert S, Moreau JJ, Caire F, Acosta G, Pebet M, Chaunavel A, Marin B, Labrousse F, Denizot Y. mRNA levels of enzymes and receptors implicated in arachidonic acid metabolism in gliomas. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:827-35. [PMID: 20382140 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are tumors of the central nervous system derived from glial cells. They show cellular heterogeneity and lack specific diagnostic markers. Although a possible role for the eicosanoid cascade has been suggested in glioma tumorigenesis, the relationship between enzymes and receptors implicated in arachidonic acid metabolism, with histological tumor type has not yet been determined. DESIGN AND METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure and compare transcript levels of enzymes and receptors implicated in both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways between oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, glioblastomas and mixed oligoastrocytomas. RESULTS Arachidonic acid metabolism-related enzymes and receptor transcripts (i) were underexpressed in classical oligodendrogliomas compared to astrocytomas and/or glioblastomas, (ii) differed between astrocytomas and glioblastomas and (iii) had an intermediate expression in mixed oligoastrocytomas. CONCLUSIONS mRNA levels of enzymes and receptors implicated both in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways differed significantly in gliomas according to the histological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael De Armas
- Department of Pathology, CHU Dupuytren, 2 Av. Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France
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22
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Piperi C, Themistocleous MS, Papavassiliou GA, Farmaki E, Levidou G, Korkolopoulou P, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG. High incidence of MGMT and RARbeta promoter methylation in primary glioblastomas: association with histopathological characteristics, inflammatory mediators and clinical outcome. Mol Med 2009; 16:1-9. [PMID: 19809523 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, the most frequent primary brain tumors in adults, are characterized by a highly aggressive, inflammatory and angiogenic phenotype. Methylation of CpG islands in cancer-related genes may serve as an epigenetic biomarker for glioblastoma diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the methylation status of four critical tumor-associated genes (MGMT, RARbeta, RASSF1A, CDH13), and investigate possible links with inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8) and angiogenic mediators (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], cyclooxygenase [COX]-2) and clinical outcome in 23 glioma samples (6 grade II astrocytomas, 17 grade IV glioblastomas). RARbeta and MGMT genes were more frequently methylated in 70.58% and 58.8% of glioblastomas, respectively. RASSF1A and CDH13 displayed a similar methylation frequency (23.52%) in glioblastomas. No gene methylation was observed in grade II astrocytomas. Tumor grade correlated positively with MGMT and RARbeta methylation (P = 0.005 and P = 0.019, respectively) and the extent of necrosis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003). Interestingly, the marker of chronic inflammation, IL-6, was positively associated with methylation of MGMT (P = 0.004), RARbeta (P = 0.002), and RASSF1A (P = 0.0081) as well as the total number of methylated genes (P < 0.0001), indicating the important role of IL-6 in maintaining promoter methylation of these genes. VEGF expression correlated positively with MGMT and RARbeta methylation although these relationships were of marginal significance (P = 0.0679 and P = 0.0757). Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis indicated an unfavorable survival period in patients with MGMT methylation compared with those without methylation (P = 0.0474). Our study highlights the implication of MGMT and RARbeta methylation in the aggressive phenotype of primary glioblastomas. The association of MGMT methylation with clinical outcome indicates its potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Poulsen HS, Grunnet K, Sorensen M, Olsen P, Hasselbalch B, Nelausen K, Kosteljanetz M, Lassen U. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan in the treatment patients with progressive recurrent malignant brain tumours. Acta Oncol 2009; 48:52-8. [PMID: 19031176 DOI: 10.1080/02841860802537924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively determined the efficacy and safety of a combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan in a consecutive series of 52 heavily pre-treated patients with recurrent high-grade brain tumours. Patients received bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) and irinotecan [340 mg/m(2) for those receiving enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and 125 mg/m(2) for those not receiving EIAEDs] every 2 weeks. Fifty-two patients were included and 47 were evaluable for response. RESULTS Complete or partial response was observed in 25% of all cases (30% response in grade IV glioma and 15% in grade III glioma). Estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) for both grade IV and grade III glioma was 22 weeks. The 6-month PFS was 32% for all patients, 40% for grade IV glioma and 33% for grade III glioma. Estimated median overall survival was 30 weeks for all patients, 28 weeks for grade IV glioma and 32 weeks for grade III glioma. Four patients discontinued treatment because of unmanageable toxicity: cerebral haemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmia, intestinal perforation and diarrhoea, the latter resulting in death. DISCUSSION We conclude that the combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan shows acceptable safety and is a clinically relevant choice of therapy in heavily pre-treated patients with recurrent high-grade brain tumours.
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Samaras V, Piperi C, Levidou G, Zisakis A, Kavantzas N, Themistocleous MS, Boviatsis EI, Barbatis C, Lea RW, Kalofoutis A, Korkolopoulou P. Analysis of interleukin (IL)-8 expression in human astrocytomas: associations with IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and microvessel morphometry. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:391-7. [PMID: 19332096 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Malignant astrocytomas are highly vascular neoplasms with potent angiogenic activity. The present study aimed to investigate peripheral and local expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in astrocytomas with possible associations to IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and microvessel morphometry. IL-6- and IL-8-secreting peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) were evaluated in 17 glioblastoma (WHO grade IV), 5 anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), and 6 diffuse astrocytoma patients (WHO grade II), in parallel with 23 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. The IL-8 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in patients' tumor tissue sections and correlated with the expression of COX-2, VEGF, IL-6, and microvessel morphometry (assessed using CD34 antibody). Eighteen cases were also stained for CD31 and used as an additional vessel marker to validate our results regarding microvessel morphometry. IL-6 and IL-8 were highly secreted in the PBMCs of glioma patients compared with controls (p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively), with a positive correlation between IL-8 expression and secretion levels (p = 0.001). IL-8 immunoreactivity was detected in malignant cells or macrophages in perivascular areas and in pseudopalisading cells around necrosis and was positively correlated with histological grade (p = 0.0175) and tumor necrosis (p = 0.0793). IL-6 and IL-8 expression levels were positively correlated (p = 0.0036) and associated with COX-2 and VEGF expression (IL-6: p = 0.0133, p = 0.065; IL-8: p = 0.0139, p = 0.0101), but not with microvessel morphometry, by either CD31 or CD34. The coordinate expression and topographical relationship of IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and VEGF in the same tumor areas (e.g., perinecrotic areas) attest to their intimate liaison in terms of cancer-induced angiogenesis, which is probably secondary to the induction of multiple interdependent molecular pathways. Moreover, our study seems to be the first attempt to link IL-8 expression by tumor cells with histological grade, implicating its potent role in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Samaras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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25
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Korkolopoulou P, Levidou G, Saetta AA, El-Habr E, Eftichiadis C, Demenagas P, Thymara I, Xiromeritis K, Boviatsis E, Thomas-Tsagli E, Panayotidis I, Patsouris E. Expression of nuclear factor-kappaB in human astrocytomas: relation to pI kappa Ba, vascular endothelial growth factor, Cox-2, microvascular characteristics, and survival. Hum Pathol 2008; 39:1143-52. [PMID: 18495209 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although NF-kappaB has been reported to be constitutively activated in various neoplasms, little information is available about its clinical significance in astrocytomas. In this study, we investigated the association of NF kappa B1/p50 and pI kappa Ba immunohistochemical expression with clinicopathologic features, vascular endothelial growth factor, Cox-2, and microvascular parameters in paraffin-embedded tissue from 82 patients with astrocytomas. pI kappa Ba expression was positively correlated with nuclear (P = .0010) and negatively with cytoplasmic (P = .0008) NF kappa B1/p50 expression. Nuclear NF kappa B1/p50 and pI kappa Ba expression increased with tumor grade (P = .0001 and P < .0001). Nuclear NF kappa B1/p50 was associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (P = .0079), Cox-2 (P = .0500), and total vascular surface area (P = .0430), although the latter was significant only in grades II and III. pI kappa Ba was also positively correlated with microvessel caliber (pI kappa Ba/area; P = .0087). Multivariate analysis selected NF kappa B/p50 expression as an independent prognosticator not only for the entire cohort (P = .0220), but also for grades II and III (P = .0029) and grade IV cases (P = .0310). Our results suggest that nuclear NF kappa B1/p50 expression is dictated by its interaction with I kappa Ba in astrocytomas and is associated with tumor grade and angiogenic factors, denoting the importance of nuclear NF kappa B/p50 expression in patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Khwaja FW. Prognostic markers of astrocytoma: how to predict the unpredictable? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:463-79. [PMID: 23496354 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most frequent tumors originating in the human nervous system. They carry a dismal prognosis as high-grade astroctyoma patients (World Health Organization [WHO] grade III and IV) rarely live beyond 5 years. At present, these tumors are mainly diagnosed through the difficult task of histologic examination of tissue obtained through stereotactic biopsy or tumor resection. In addition to determining the malignancy grade through histologic studies, the only other prognostic factors used in clinical setting are patient age and performance status. To overcome current limitations, research is underway to develop molecular approaches for glioma classification. These include identification, characterization and expansion of clinical (patient characteristics and imaging variables), histologic (WHO classification criteria) and molecular (genetic and proteomic) factors with prognostic potential. In this review the established classification characteristics, along with recent advances that may lead to the addition of new parameters and thus improve patient management and survival, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima W Khwaja
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Basic Science Lab, Abdul Hafeez Research Wing, 77A, Block R/8, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan +92 042 5180727 ext. 2523 ; +92 042 5945207 ;
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