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Lopes DF, Silverio A, Schmidt AKA, Picca GB, Silveira L. Characterization of biomarkers in blood serum for cancer diagnosis in dogs using Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300338. [PMID: 38100121 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers of cancer in sera of domestic dogs were detected through Raman spectroscopy with 830 nm excitation. Raman spectra of sera from 61 dogs (31 healthy and 30 with cancer, resulting in 154 and 200 spectra, respectively) were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction and partial least squares (PLS) regression for discrimination between Healthy and Cancer groups. In the PCA, the peaks at 1132, 1342, 1368, and 1453 cm-1 (albumin and phenylalanine) were higher for the Cancer group. The "redshift" of the peaks at 621, 1003, and 1032 cm-1 (conformational change in proteins and/or bonds at sites close to the aromatic ring of amino acids) occurred in the Cancer group, and the peaks at 451 cm-1 (tryptophan) and 1441 cm-1 (lipids) were higher for the Healthy group. The PLS-DA classified the serum spectra in Healthy and Cancer groups with high accuracy (78%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Landulfo Silveira
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi-UAM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Innovation, Technology and Education-CITÉ, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for IDH Genotyping of Unprocessed Glioma Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164196. [PMID: 34439355 PMCID: PMC8392399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is one of the most important prognostic markers in glioma tumors. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is an optical technique with great potential in intraoperative molecular diagnosis and surgical guidance. We analyzed RS’s ability to detect the IDH mutation onto unprocessed glioma biopsies. A total of 2073 Raman spectra were extracted from 38 tumor specimens. From the 103 Raman shifts screened, we identified 52 shifts (related to lipids, collagen, DNA and cholesterol/phospholipids) with the highest performance in the distinction of the two groups. We described 18 shifts never used before for IDH detection with RS in fresh or frozen samples. We were able to distinguish between IDH-mutated and IDH-wild-type tumors with an accuracy and precision of 87%. RS showed optimal accuracy and precision in discriminating IDH-mutated glioma from IDH-wild-type tumors ex-vivo onto fresh surgical specimens. Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status is pivotal in the management of gliomas. Patients with IDH-mutated (IDH-MUT) tumors have a better prognosis and benefit more from extended surgical resection than IDH wild-type (IDH-WT). Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a minimally invasive optical technique with great potential for intraoperative diagnosis. We evaluated the RS’s ability to characterize the IDH mutational status onto unprocessed glioma biopsies. We extracted 2073 Raman spectra from thirty-eight unprocessed samples. The classification performance was assessed using the eXtreme Gradient Boosted trees (XGB) and Support Vector Machine with Radial Basis Function kernel (RBF-SVM). Measured Raman spectra displayed differences between IDH-MUT and IDH-WT tumor tissue. From the 103 Raman shifts screened as input features, the cross-validation loop identified 52 shifts with the highest performance in the distinction of the two groups. Raman analysis showed differences in spectral features of lipids, collagen, DNA and cholesterol/phospholipids. We were able to distinguish between IDH-MUT and IDH-WT tumors with an accuracy and precision of 87%. RS is a valuable and accurate tool for characterizing the mutational status of IDH mutation in unprocessed glioma samples. This study improves RS knowledge for future personalized surgical strategy or in situ target therapies for glioma tumors.
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Glioma biopsies Classification Using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Models on Fresh Tissue Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051073. [PMID: 33802369 PMCID: PMC7959285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying tumor cells infiltrating normal-appearing brain tissue is critical to achieve a total glioma resection. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is an optical technique with potential for real-time glioma detection. Most RS reports are based on formalin-fixed or frozen samples, with only a few studies deployed on fresh untreated tissue. We aimed to probe RS on untreated brain biopsies exploring novel Raman bands useful in distinguishing glioma and normal brain tissue. Sixty-three fresh tissue biopsies were analyzed within few minutes after resection. A total of 3450 spectra were collected, with 1377 labelled as Healthy and 2073 as Tumor. Machine learning methods were used to classify spectra compared to the histo-pathological standard. The algorithms extracted information from 60 different Raman peaks identified as the most representative among 135 peaks screened. We were able to distinguish between tumor and healthy brain tissue with accuracy and precision of 83% and 82%, respectively. We identified 19 new Raman shifts with known biological significance. Raman spectroscopy was effective and accurate in discriminating glioma tissue from healthy brain ex-vivo in fresh samples. This study added new spectroscopic data that can contribute to further develop Raman Spectroscopy as an intraoperative tool for in-vivo glioma detection.
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Payne TD, Moody AS, Wood AL, Pimiento PA, Elliott JC, Sharma B. Raman spectroscopy and neuroscience: from fundamental understanding to disease diagnostics and imaging. Analyst 2020; 145:3461-3480. [PMID: 32301450 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscience would directly benefit from more effective detection techniques, leading to earlier diagnosis of disease. The specificity of Raman spectroscopy is unparalleled, given that a molecular fingerprint is attained for each species. It also allows for label-free detection with relatively inexpensive instrumentation, minimal sample preparation, and rapid sample analysis. This review summarizes Raman spectroscopy-based techniques that have been used to advance the field of neuroscience in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D Payne
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Amber S Moody
- National Center of Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Avery L Wood
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Paula A Pimiento
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - James C Elliott
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bhavya Sharma
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Lemoine É, Dallaire F, Yadav R, Agarwal R, Kadoury S, Trudel D, Guiot MC, Petrecca K, Leblond F. Feature engineering applied to intraoperative in vivo Raman spectroscopy sheds light on molecular processes in brain cancer: a retrospective study of 65 patients. Analyst 2020; 144:6517-6532. [PMID: 31647061 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for neurosurgical guidance and cancer research. Quantitative analysis of the Raman signal from living tissues is, however, limited. Their molecular composition is convoluted and influenced by clinical factors, and access to data is limited. To ensure acceptance of this technology by clinicians and cancer scientists, we need to adapt the analytical methods to more closely model the Raman-generating process. Our objective is to use feature engineering to develop a new representation for spectral data specifically tailored for brain diagnosis that improves interpretability of the Raman signal while retaining enough information to accurately predict tissue content. The method consists of band fitting of Raman bands which consistently appear in the brain Raman literature, and the generation of new features representing the pairwise interaction between bands and the interaction between bands and patient age. Our technique was applied to a dataset of 547 in situ Raman spectra from 65 patients undergoing glioma resection. It showed superior predictive capacities to a principal component analysis dimensionality reduction. After analysis through a Bayesian framework, we were able to identify the oncogenic processes that characterize glioma: increased nucleic acid content, overexpression of type IV collagen and shift in the primary metabolic engine. Our results demonstrate how this mathematical transformation of the Raman signal allows the first biological, statistically robust analysis of in vivo Raman spectra from brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émile Lemoine
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Brusatori M, Auner G, Noh T, Scarpace L, Broadbent B, Kalkanis SN. Intraoperative Raman Spectroscopy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2017; 28:633-652. [PMID: 28917291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surgical excision of brain tumors provides a means of cytoreduction and diagnosis while minimizing neurologic deficit and improving overall survival. Despite advances in functional and three-dimensional stereotactic navigation and intraoperative MRI, delineating tissue in real time with physiologic confirmation is challenging. Raman spectroscopy has potential to be an important modality in the intraoperative evaluation of tissue during surgical resection. In vitro experimental studies have shown that this technique can be used to differentiate normal brain tissue from tissue with infiltrating cancer cells and dense cancerous masses with high specificity, indicating the feasibility of this method for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Brusatori
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Gregory Auner
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; The Detroit Institute of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Health System, 15415 E. Jefferson Avenue, Grosse Pointe Park, MI 48230, USA
| | - Thomas Noh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Lisa Scarpace
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Brandy Broadbent
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Steven N Kalkanis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Shining light on neurosurgery diagnostics using Raman spectroscopy. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:1-9. [PMID: 27522510 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surgical excision of brain tumors provides a means of cytoreduction and diagnosis while minimizing neurologic deficit and improving overall survival. Despite advances in functional and three-dimensional stereotactic navigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, delineating tissue in real time with physiological confirmation is challenging. Raman spectroscopy is a promising investigative and diagnostic tool for neurosurgery, which provides rapid, non-destructive molecular characterization in vivo or in vitro for biopsy, margin assessment, or laboratory uses. The Raman Effect occurs when light temporarily changes a bond's polarizability, causing change in the vibrational frequency, with a corresponding change in energy/wavelength of the scattered photon. The recorded inelastic scattering results in a "fingerprint" or Raman spectrum of the constituent under investigation. The amount, location, and intensity of peaks in the fingerprint vary based on the amount of vibrational bonds in a molecule and their ensemble interactions with each other. Distinct differences between various pathologic conditions are shown as different intensities of the same peak, or shifting of a peak based on the binding conformation. Raman spectroscopy has potential for integration into clinical practice, particularly in distinguishing normal and diseased tissue as an adjunct to standard pathologic diagnosis. Further, development of fiber-optic Raman probes that fit through the instrument port of a standard endoscope now allows researchers and clinicians to utilize spectroscopic information for evaluation of in vivo tissue. This review highlights the need for such an instrument, summarizes neurosurgical Raman work performed to date, and discusses the future applications of neurosurgical Raman spectroscopy.
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Banerjee HN, Banerji A, Banerjee AN, Riddick E, Petis J, Evans S, Patel M, Parson C, Smith V, Gwebu E, Voisin S. Deciphering the Finger Prints of Brain Cancer Glioblastoma Multiforme from Four Different Patients by Using Near Infrared Raman Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:44-47. [PMID: 25937869 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effectiveness of Raman spectra to diagnose brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we investigated the Raman spectra of single cell from four different GBM cell lines developed from four different patients and analyzed the spectra. The Raman spectra of brain cancer (GBM) cells were similar in all these cell lines. The results indicate that Raman spectra can offer the experimental basis for the cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirendra Nath Banerjee
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Arnold Banerji
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Arunendra Nath Banerjee
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Eilena Riddick
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Jenae Petis
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Shavonda Evans
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Megha Patel
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Carl Parson
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - Valerie Smith
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
| | - E Gwebu
- Department of Natural Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ElizabethCity State University, University of North Carolina, ElizabethCity, NC-27909, USA
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Wang M, Cao X, Lu W, Tao L, Zhao H, Wang Y, Guo M, Dong J, Qian W. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection and differentiation of lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1229) and normal cell line (AT II) based on gold nanostar substrates. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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González-Solís JL, Martínez-Espinosa JC, Torres-González LA, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Jave-Suárez LF, Palomares-Anda P. Cervical cancer detection based on serum sample Raman spectroscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:979-85. [PMID: 24197519 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze the biochemical composition of serum samples and hence distinguish between normal and cervical cancer serum samples was investigated. The serum samples were obtained from 19 patients who were clinically diagnosed with cervical cancer, 3 precancer, and 20 healthy volunteer controls. The imprint was put under an Olympus microscope, and around points were chosen for Raman measurement.All spectra were collected at a Horiba Jobin-Yvon LabRAM HR800 Raman Spectrometer with a laser of 830-nm wavelength and 17-mW power irradiation. Raw spectra were processed by carrying out baseline correction, smoothing, and normalization to remove noise, florescence, and shot noise and then analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The control serum spectrum showed the presence of higher amounts of carotenoids indicated by peaks at 1,002, 1,160, and 1,523 cm(-1)and intense peaks associated with protein components at 754, 853, 938, 1,002, 1,300-1,345, 1,447, 1,523, 1,550, 1,620, and 1,654 cm(-1). The Raman bands assigned to glutathione (446, 828, and 1,404 cm(-1)) and tryptophan (509, 1,208, 1,556, 1,603, and 1,620 cm(-1)) in cervical cancer were higher than those of control samples, suggesting that their presence may also play a role in cervical cancer. Furthermore, weak bands in the control samples attributed to tryptophan (545, 760, and 1,174 cm(-1)) and amide III (1,234-1,290 cm(-1)) seem to disappear and decrease in the cervical cancer samples, respectively. It is shown that the serum samples from patients with cervical cancer and from the control group can be discriminated with high sensitivity and specificity when the multivariate statistical methods of PCA is applied to Raman spectra. PCA allowed us to define the wavelength differences between the spectral bands of the control and cervical cancer groups by confirming that the main molecular differences among the control and cervical cancer samples were glutathione, tryptophan, β carotene, and amide III. The preliminary results suggest that Raman spectroscopy could be a highly effective technique with a strong potential of support for current techniques as Papanicolaou smear by reducing the number of these tests; nevertheless, with the construction of a data library integrated with a large number of cervical cancer and control Raman spectra obtained from a wide range of healthy and cervical cancer population, Raman-PCA technique could be converted into a new technique for noninvasive real-time diagnosis of cervical cancer from serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis González-Solís
- Biophysics and Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Enrique Díaz de León 1144, Paseo de la Montaña, 47460, Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico,
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Ma H, Zhang Y, Ye A. Single-cell discrimination based on optical tweezers Raman spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brauchle E, Schenke-Layland K. Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine - non-invasive in vitro analysis of cells and extracellular matrix components in tissues. Biotechnol J 2012; 8:288-97. [PMID: 23161832 PMCID: PMC3644878 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an established laser-based technology for the quality assurance of pharmaceutical products. Over the past few years, Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful diagnostic tool in the life sciences. Raman spectra allow assessment of the overall molecular constitution of biological samples, based on specific signals from proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic crystals. Measurements are non-invasive and do not require sample processing, making Raman spectroscopy a reliable and robust method with numerous applications in biomedicine. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy allows the highly sensitive discrimination of bacteria. Rama spectra retain information on continuous metabolic processes and kinetics such as lipid storage and recombinant protein production. Raman spectra are specific for each cell type and provide additional information on cell viability, differentiation status, and tumorigenicity. In tissues, Raman spectroscopy can detect major extracellular matrix components and their secondary structures. Furthermore, the non-invasive characterization of healthy and pathological tissues as well as quality control and process monitoring of in vitro-engineered matrix is possible. This review provides comprehensive insight to the current progress in expanding the applicability of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of living cells and tissues, and serves as a good reference point for those starting in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brauchle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
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Harvey TJ, Hughes C, Ward AD, Faria EC, Henderson A, Clarke NW, Brown MD, Snook RD, Gardner P. Classification of fixed urological cells using Raman tweezers. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2009; 2:47-69. [PMID: 19343685 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200810061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report on preliminary investigations into using Raman tweezers to classify urological cell lines. This builds on earlier work within the group, whereby Raman tweezer methodologies were developed, and the application of this technique to differentiate between live prostate cancer (CaP) and bladder cells lines (PC-3 and MGH-U1 respectively) was demonstrated.In this present study we analysed chemically fixed cells using two different fixative methods; SurePath (a commercial available liquid based cytology media) and 4% v/v formalin/PBS fixatives. The study has been expanded from our previous live cell study to include the androgen sensitive CaP cell line LNCaP, primary benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cells as well as primary urethral cells. Raman light from the cells was collected using a 514.5 nm Ar-ion laser excitation source in back-scattering configuration mode.Principal component-linear discriminate analysis (PC-LDA) models of resulting cell spectra were generated and these were validated using a blind comparison. Sensitivities and specificities of > 72% and 90% respectively, for SurePath fixed cells, and > 93% and 98% respectively for 4% v/v formalin/PBS fixed cells was achieved. The higher prediction results for the formalin fixed cells can be attributed to a better signal-to-noise ratio for spectra obtained from these cells.Following on from this work, urological cell lines were exposed to urine for up to 12 hours to determine the effect of urine on the ability to classify these cells. Results indicate that urine has no detrimental effect on prediction results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Harvey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, UK
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Guze K, Short M, Sonis S, Karimbux N, Chan J, Zeng H. Parameters defining the potential applicability of Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for oral disease. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:014016. [PMID: 19256704 DOI: 10.1117/1.3076195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can provide information about the molecular composition of tissues, with potential to be applied as a diagnostic tool in lieu of histopathology. Our objectives are to determine if laser Raman spectra (RS) can be acquired reliably from the oral mucosa of patients, and to determine if the RS signature of normal oral mucosa is reproducible among anatomic oral sites and among subjects of different races and gender. 25 Caucasian and 26 Asian subjects are studied using RS with a signal acquisition time of 1 s at seven specified sites within the mouth. Multivariate analysis is used to determine the variability between tissue types and between races and gender. Unique spectra are defined for various sites in the mouth and are likely related to the degree of keratinization. However, spectral concordance by site is not greatly influenced by subject ethnicity or gender. We demonstrate, for the first time, the potential in-vivo application of RS for oral mucosal disease and demonstrate its specificity for particular mucosal types in the mouth. RS offers the potential to provide a diagnosis of disease using a noninvasive, convenient, sensitive technology that provides immediate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Guze
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Snook RD, Harvey TJ, Correia Faria E, Gardner P. Raman tweezers and their application to the study of singly trapped eukaryotic cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:43-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b815253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Harvey TJ, Faria EC, Henderson A, Gazi E, Ward AD, Clarke NW, Brown MD, Snook RD, Gardner P. Spectral discrimination of live prostate and bladder cancer cell lines using Raman optical tweezers. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:064004. [PMID: 19123651 DOI: 10.1117/1.2999609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An investigation into the use of Raman optical tweezers to study urological cell lines is reported, with the ultimate aim of determining the presence of malignant CaP cells in urine and peripheral fluids. To this end, we trapped and analyzed live CaP cells (PC-3) and bladder cells (MGH-U1), because both prostate and bladder cells are likely to be present in urine. The laser excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm was used, with Raman light collected both in back- and forward-scattering geometric configurations. For the backscattering configuration the same laser was used for trapping and excitation, while for forward scattering a 1064 nm laser provided the trapping beam. Analysis of cell-diameter distributions for cells analyzed suggested normal distribution of cell sizes, indicating an unbiased cell-selection criterion. Principal components analysis afforded discrimination of MGH-U1 and PC-3 spectra collected in either configuration, demonstrating that it is possible to trap, analyze, and differentiate PC-3 from MGH-U1 cells using a 514.5 nm laser. By loading plot analysis, possible biomolecules responsible for discrimination in both configurations were determined. Finally, the effect of cell size on discrimination was investigated, with results indicating that separation is based predominantly on cell type rather than cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Harvey
- University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Ellis DI, Dunn WB, Griffin JL, Allwood JW, Goodacre R. Metabolic fingerprinting as a diagnostic tool. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 8:1243-66. [PMID: 17924839 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.8.9.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of systems biology, functional analyses at all 'omic levels have seen an intense level of activity during the first decade of the twenty-first century. These include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics. It could be said that metabolomics offers some unique advantages over the other 'omics disciplines and one of the core approaches of metabolomics for disease diagnostics is metabolic fingerprinting. This review provides an overview of the main metabolic fingerprinting approaches used for disease diagnostics and includes: infrared and Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, followed by an introduction to a wide range of novel mass spectrometry-based methods, which are currently under intense investigation and developmental activity in laboratories worldwide. It is hoped that this review will act as a springboard for researchers and clinicians across a wide range of disciplines in this exciting era of multidisciplinary and novel approaches to disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Ellis
- University of Manchester, School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7ND, UK.
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Rabah R, Weber R, Serhatkulu GK, Cao A, Dai H, Pandya A, Naik R, Auner G, Poulik J, Klein M. Diagnosis of neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma using Raman spectroscopy. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:171-6. [PMID: 18206477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raman spectroscopy has proven to be useful in studying premalignant and malignant lesions in adults. This is the first report to evaluate Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis and classification of neuroblastoma in children. METHODS A biopsy or resection of fresh tissue samples from normal adrenal glands, neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, nerve sheath tumors, and pheochromocytoma at our hospital were equally divided between routine histology and spectroscopic studies. At least 12 spectra were collected from different regions of each sample using a Renishaw Raman microscope. Raw spectra were processed to remove noise, fluorescence, and shot noise, and then analyzed using principle component analysis and discriminant function analysis. RESULTS We collected 698 spectra from 16 neuroblastomas, 5 ganglioneuromas, 3 normal adrenal glands, 6 nerve sheath tumors, and 1 pheochromocytoma. Raman spectroscopy differentiated between normal adrenal gland, and neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. It correlated well with the Shimada histologic classification system with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. It was also able to differentiate neuroblastoma from nerve sheath tumors and pheochromocytoma with high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION This technique can differentiate neuroblastoma from ganglioneuroma and other tumors. It has a potential as a noninvasive real-time diagnostic tool in classifying pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rabah
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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