Behera C, Kour J, Banjare N, Verma PK, Chashoo G, Sawant SD, Gupta PN. Mechanistic investigation of synergistic interaction of tocopherol succinate with a quinoline-based inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin.
J Pharm Pharmacol 2021;
74:605-617. [PMID:
34468737 DOI:
10.1093/jpp/rgab122]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Cancer monotherapy is associated with various limitations; therefore, combination chemotherapy is widely explored for optimum drug efficacy. In this study, 4-(N-Phenyl-N'-substituted benzenesulfonyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl) quinoline-based mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (IIIM-4Q) was investigated in combination with tocopherol succinate (TOS), and the mechanism of cytotoxicity was elucidated.
METHODS
The cytotoxic potential of IIIM-4Q and TOS was evaluated in five cell lines. Further, to understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity of IIIM-4Q, TOS and their combination, various studies including morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, estimation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), in-vitro cell migration assay, Western blotting and staining with acridine orange (AO) for autophagy detection were performed.
KEY FINDINGS
Investigated combination was synergistic in nature and exhibited greater oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic cancer cells. The migration potential of MIA PaCa-2 cells was significantly mitigated under the influence of this combination, and morphological changes such as chromatin condensation and nuclear blebbing were observed. Also, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase-3 activation were observed in IIIM-4Q and TOS combination-treated cells.
CONCLUSIONS
The investigated combination synergistically inhibited proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells through simultaneous induction of autophagy followed by apoptosis, and this combination demonstrated potential for further translational studies.
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