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Chen X, Lu W, Lu C, Zhang L, Xu F, Dong H. The CaSR/TRPV4 coupling mediates pro-inflammatory macrophage function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13926. [PMID: 36606511 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are functionally expressed on macrophages, it is unclear if they work coordinately to mediate macrophage function. The present study investigates whether CaSR couples to TRPV4 channels and mediates macrophage polarization via Ca2+ signaling. METHODS The role of CaSR/TRPV4/Ca2+ signaling was assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from wild-type (WT) and TRPV4 knockout (TRPV4 KO) mice. The expression and function of CaSR and TRPV4 in PMs were analyzed by immunofluorescence and digital Ca2+ imaging. The correlation factors of M1 polarization, CCR7, IL-1β, and TNFα were detected using q-PCR, western blot, and ELISA. RESULTS We found that PMs expressed CaSR and TRPV4, and CaSR activation-induced marked Ca2+ signaling predominately through extracellular Ca2+ entry, which was inhibited by selective pharmacological blockers of CaSR and TRPV4 channels. The CaSR activation-induced Ca2+ signaling was significantly attenuated in PMs from TRPV4 KO mice compared to those from WT mice. Moreover, the CaSR activation-induced Ca2+ entry via TRPV4 channels was inhibited by blocking phospholipases A2 (PLA2)/cytochromeP450 (CYP450) and phospholipase C (PLC)/Protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. Finally, CaSR activation promoted the expression and release of M1-associated cytokines IL-1β and TNFɑ, which were attenuated in PMs from TRPV4 KO mice. CONCLUSION We reveal a novel coupling of the CaSR and TRPV4 channels via PLA2/CYP450 and PLC/PKC pathways, promoting a Ca2+ -dependent M1 macrophage polarization. Modulation of this coupling and downstream pathways may become a potential strategy for the prevention/treatment of immune-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyun Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Werner LE, Wagner U. Calcium-sensing receptor-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rheumatoid arthritis and autoinflammation. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1078569. [PMID: 36685206 PMCID: PMC9854345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1078569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in many cell types - including immune cells and in particular circulating monocytes. Here, the receptor plays an important physiological role as a regulator of constitutive macropinocytosis. This review article provides an overview of the literature on the role of the calcium sensing receptor in the context of inflammatory processes. Special emphasis is laid upon the importance for monocytes in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. We have shown previously, that stimulation of the receptor by increased extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ex) triggers a pro-inflammatory response due to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and interleukin (IL)-1β release. The underlying mechanism includes macropinocytosis of calciprotein particles (CPPs), which are taken up in a [Ca2+]ex-induced, CaSR dependent manner, and leads to strong IL-1β release. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this uptake and the resulting IL-1β release is significantly increased due to increased expression of the receptor. Moreover, increased [Ca2+]ex-induced CPP uptake and IL-1β release is associated with more active disease, while CaSR overexpression has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular complications of RA. Most importantly, however, in animal experiments with arthritic mice, increased local calcium concentrations are present, which in combination with release of fetuin-A from eroded bone could contribute to formation of CPPs. We propose, that increased [Ca2+]ex, CPPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines drive a vicious cycle of inflammation and bone destruction which in turn offers new potential therapeutic approaches.
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Sundararaman SS, Peters LJF, Jansen Y, Gencer S, Yan Y, Nazir S, Bonnin Marquez A, Kahles F, Lehrke M, Biessen EAL, Jankowski J, Weber C, Döring Y, van der Vorst EPC. Adipocyte calcium sensing receptor is not involved in visceral adipose tissue inflammation or atherosclerosis development in hyperlipidemic Apoe -/- mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10409. [PMID: 34001955 PMCID: PMC8128899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor that especially plays an important role in the sensing of extracellular calcium to maintain its homeostasis. Several in-vitro studies demonstrated that CaSR plays a role in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, resulting in systemic inflammation and contributing to atherosclerosis development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adipocyte CaSR plays a role in adipose tissue inflammation in-vivo and atherosclerosis development. By using a newly established conditional mature adipocyte specific CaSR deficient mouse on a hyperlipidemic and atherosclerosis prone Apoe−/− background it could be shown that CaSR deficiency in adipocytes does neither contribute to initiation nor to progression of atherosclerotic plaques as judged by the unchanged lesion size or composition. Additionally, CaSR deficiency did not influence gonadal visceral adipose tissue (vAT) inflammation in-vivo, although a small decrease in gonadal visceral adipose cholesterol content could be observed. In conclusion, adipocyte CaSR seems not to be involved in vAT inflammation in-vivo and does not influence atherosclerosis development in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sahana Sundararaman
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Linsey J F Peters
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bonnin Marquez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Liu W, Guo Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Yin X. Calcium-Sensing Receptor of Immune Cells and Diseases. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which was initially found in the parathyroid gland, is ubiquitously expressed and exerts specific functions in multiple cells, including immune cells. CaSR is functionally expressed on neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and T lymphocytes, but not B
lymphocytes, and regulates cell functions, such as cytokine secretion, chemotaxis, phenotype switching, and ligand delivery. In these immune cells, CaSR is involved in the development of many diseases, such as sepsis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, rheumatism, myocardial infarction,
diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Since its discovery, it has been controversial whether CaSR is expressed and plays a role in immune cells. This article reviews current knowledge of the role of CaSR in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
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Sundararaman SS, van der Vorst EPC. Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR), Its Impact on Inflammation and the Consequences on Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2478. [PMID: 33804544 PMCID: PMC7957814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a cell surface receptor belonging to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. CaSR is mainly expressed by parathyroid glands, kidneys, bone, skin, adipose tissue, the gut, the nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. The receptor, as its name implies is involved in sensing calcium fluctuations in the extracellular matrix of cells, thereby having a major impact on the mineral homeostasis in humans. Besides calcium ions, the receptor is also activated by other di- and tri-valent cations, polypeptides, polyamines, antibiotics, calcilytics and calcimimetics, which upon binding induce intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that CaSR influences a wide variety of cells and processes that are involved in inflammation, the cardiovascular system, such as vascular calcification, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and obesity. Therefore, in this review, the current understanding of the role that CaSR plays in inflammation and its consequences on the cardiovascular system will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sahana Sundararaman
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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6
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Mary A, Objois T, Brazier M, Bennis Y, Boudot C, Lenglet G, Paccou J, Bugnicourt JM, Choukroun G, Drueke TB, Massy ZA, Kamel S, Six I, Mentaverri R. Decreased monocyte calcium sensing receptor expression in patients with chronic kidney disease is associated with impaired monocyte ability to reduce vascular calcification. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1382-1391. [PMID: 33647324 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression and function have been extensively studied in parathyroid tissue and vascular tissues. To examine whether similar changes occurred in other tissues, we measured total and surface CaSR expression in monocytes of patients with various stages of CKD and healthy volunteers respectively in cross-sectional studies. We further explored in vitro the impact of uremic serum on CaSR expression in monocytes (U937 and THP-1 cell lines), and whether human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or U937 and THP-1 monocytes might modify vascular calcium deposition in rat carotid arteries in vitro. CKD was associated with a decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell CaSR expression both in total and at the monocyte surface alone (43% and 34%, respectively in CKD stages 4-5). This decrease was associated with a reduction in the ability of monocytes to inhibit vascular calcification in vitro. Pretreatment with the calcimimetic NPSR568 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with CKD significantly improved monocyte capacity to reduce carotid calcification in vitro. The fewer peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing cell surface CaSR, the more calcimimetic treatment enhanced the decrease of carotid calcium content. Thus, we demonstrate that monocyte CaSR expression is decreased in patients with CKD and provide in vitro evidence for a potential role of this decrease in the promotion of vascular calcification. Hence, targeting this alteration or following monocyte CaSR expression as an accessible marker might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in CKD-associated arterial calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mary
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.
| | - Thibaut Objois
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Boudot
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, University Lille, Lille University Hospital, Research Unit 4490 MABLab, Lille, France; Rheumatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bugnicourt
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Tilman B Drueke
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018, Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health, Team 5, Villejuif Hospital, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018, Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health, Team 5, Villejuif Hospital, France; Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest, Versailles, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Six
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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D'Espessailles A, Santillana N, Sanhueza S, Fuentes C, Cifuentes M. Calcium sensing receptor activation in THP-1 macrophages triggers NLRP3 inflammasome and human preadipose cell inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110654. [PMID: 31734269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue (AT) associates with inflammation and obesity-related diseases. We studied whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 macrophages elevates inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, modeling deleterious AT cell crosstalk. THP-1 macrophages exposed to cinacalcet (CaSR activator, 2 μM, 4 h) showed elevated proinflammatory marker and NLRP3 inflammasome mRNA, pro-IL-1β protein and caspase-1 activity, whereas preincubation with CaSR negative modulators prevented these effects. The key NLRP3 inflammasome component ASC was silenced (siRNA) in THP-1 cells, and inflammasome activation was evaluated (qPCR, Western blot, caspase-1 activity) or they were further cultured to obtain conditioned medium (CoM). Exposure of LS14 preadipocytes to CoM from cinacalcet-treated THP-1 elevated LS14 proinflammatory cytokine expression, which was abrogated by THP-1 inflammasome silencing. Thus, CaSR activation elevates THP-1-induced inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, via macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Modulating CaSR activation may prevent deleterious proinflammatory cell crosstalk in AT, a promising approach in obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D'Espessailles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Santillana
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanhueza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Fuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile.
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8
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van der Vorst EPC, Peters LJF, Müller M, Gencer S, Yan Y, Weber C, Döring Y. G-Protein Coupled Receptor Targeting on Myeloid Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:531. [PMID: 31191301 PMCID: PMC6540917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a lipid-driven, inflammatory disease of the large arteries. Gold standard therapy with statins and the more recently developed proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have improved health conditions among CVD patients by lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Nevertheless, a substantial part of these patients is still suffering and it seems that 'just' lipid lowering is insufficient. The results of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) have now proven that inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis and that targeting inflammation improves CVD outcomes. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics that block atherosclerosis-specific inflammatory pathways have to be promoted. The inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis are facilitated by a network of immune cells and their subsequent responses. Cell networking is orchestrated by various (inflammatory) mediators which interact, bind and induce signaling. Over the last years, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) emerged as important players in recognizing these mediators, because of their diverse functions in steady state but also and specifically during chronic inflammatory processes - such as atherosclerosis. In this review, we will therefore highlight a selection of these receptors or receptor sub-families mainly expressed on myeloid cells and their role in atherosclerosis. More specifically, we will focus on chemokine receptors, both classical and atypical, formyl-peptide receptors, the chemerin receptor 23 and the calcium-sensing receptor. When information is available, we will also describe the consequences of their targeting which may hold promising options for future treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research/Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Linsey J. F. Peters
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
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Bai H, Zhang QF, Duan JJ, Yu DJ, Liu LJ. Downregulation of signal transduction and STAT3 expression exacerbates oxidative stress mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:2147-2155. [PMID: 30323145 PMCID: PMC6199955 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.241470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated nucleotide binding to the oligonucleotide receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease through oxidative stress and neurogenic inflammation. Low expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene may promote the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases to some extent. To clarify the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and STAT3 expression in oxidative stress, (1) SHSY5Y cells were incubated with 1 mM H2O2 to induce oxidative stress injury, and the expression of human-cell-specific signal transduction, STAT3-shRNA silencing signal transduction and STAT3 were detected. Cells were pretreated with Ca2+ chelator BAPATA-AM (0.1 mM) for 30 minutes as a control. (2) Western blot assay was used to analyze the expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, signal transduction and STAT3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze interleukin-1β levels. Flow cytometry was carried out to calculate the number of apoptotic cells. We found that H2O2 treatment activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and decreased phosphorylation of signal transduction and STAT3 serine 727. BAPTA-AM pretreatment abolished the H2O2-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, caspase-1 expression, interleukin-1β expression and apoptosis in SHSY5Y cells, and had no effect in cells with downregulated STAT3 expression by RNAi. The findings suggest that downregulation of signal transduction and STAT3 expression may enhance the oxidative stress mediated by NLRP3, which may not depend on the Ca2+ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Medical Laboratory Center; Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De-Jun Yu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, Guizhou Province, China
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Pfanzagl B, Mechtcheriakova D, Meshcheryakova A, Aberle SW, Pfragner R, Jensen-Jarolim E. Activation of the ileal neuroendocrine tumor cell line P-STS by acetylcholine is amplified by histamine: role of H3R and H4R. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1313. [PMID: 28465562 PMCID: PMC5430954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors may present with pseudoallergic reactions like diarrhea and idiopathic anaphylaxis. Here we present the P-STS human ileal neuroendocrine cell line as a model cell line for these tumors. Neuroendocrine markers and changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to several possible activators of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release were analyzed. P-STS cells still expressed chromogranin A and synaptophysin after 2 years of culture. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 mRNA and a low amount of 5-HT were also detected. Acetylcholine (ACh) caused a rise in [Ca2+]i. Somatostatin inhibited, whereas histamine (HA) but not the HA receptor ligand betahistine enhanced activation by ACh. The [Ca2+]i response to ACh/HA was inhibited by the HA receptor H3 (H3R) agonist methimepip and by the antidepressant imipramine. Further [Ca2+]i response studies indicated the presence of H4Rs and of a functional calcium sensing receptor. High or low affinity IgE receptor protein or mRNA were not detected. Taken together, neuroendocrine markers and response to intestinal neurotransmitters approve the P-STS cell line as a valuable model for enterochromaffin cells. Enhancement of their ACh-induced pro-secretory response by HA, with a role for H3R and H4R, suggests an amplifying role of neuroendocrine cells in allergen-induced diarrhea or anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Pfanzagl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Roswitha Pfragner
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
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11
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Lee JW, Park JW, Kwon OK, Lee HJ, Jeong HG, Kim JH, Oh SR, Ahn KS. NPS2143 Inhibits MUC5AC and Proinflammatory Mediators in Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE)-Stimulated Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2017; 40:184-194. [PMID: 27866297 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucus overproduction is a fundamental hallmark of COPD that is caused by exposure to cigarette smoke. MUC5AC is one of the main mucin genes expressed in the respiratory epithelium, and its transcriptional upregulation often correlates with increased mucus secretion. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonists have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective role of NPS2143, a selective CaSR antagonist on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated NCI-H292 mucoepidermoid human lung cells. Treatment of NPS2143 significantly inhibited the expression of MUC5AC in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. NPS2143 reduced the expression of MMP-9 in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. NPS2143 also decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. Furthermore, NPS2143 attenuated the activation of MAPKs (JNK, p38, and ERK) and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in CSE-stimulated H292 cells. These results indicate that NPS2143 had a therapeutic potential in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Chen H, Yang D, Han F, Tan J, Zhang L, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Liu Q. The Bacterial T6SS Effector EvpP Prevents NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibiting the Ca 2+ -Dependent MAPK-Jnk Pathway. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Fielden MR, Dean C, Black K, Sawant SG, Subramanian R, Tomlinson JE, Walter S, Zimmermann C, Griggs MW, McKeon ME, Lewis EM, Beevers C, Pyrah I. Nonclinical Safety Profile of Etelcalcetide, a Novel Peptide Calcimimetic for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:294-308. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581816633407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Etelcalcetide is a novel d-amino acid peptide that functions as an allosteric activator of the calcium-sensing receptor and is being developed as an intravenous calcimimetic for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. To support clinical development and marketing authorization, a comprehensive nonclinical safety package was generated. Primary adverse effects included hypocalcemia, tremoring, and convulsions. Other adverse effects were considered sequelae of stress associated with hypocalcemia. Cardiovascular safety evaluations in the dog revealed an anticipated prolongation of the corrected QT interval that was related to reductions in serum calcium. Etelcalcetide did not affect the human ether-a-go-go gene ion channel current. Etelcalcetide was mutagenic in some strains of Salmonella, however, based on the negative results in 2 in vitro and 2 in vivo mammalian genotoxicity assays, including a 28-day Muta mouse study, etelcalcetide is considered nongenotoxic. Further support for a lack of genotoxicity was provided due to the fact that etelcalcetide was not carcinogenic in a 6-month transgenic rasH2 mouse model or a 2-year study in rats. There were no effects on fertility, embryo–fetal development, and prenatal and postnatal development. All of the adverse effects observed in both rat and dog were considered directly or secondarily related to the pharmacologic activity of etelcalcetide and the expected sequelae associated with dose-related reductions in serum calcium due to suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion. These nonclinical data indicate no safety signal of concern for human risk beyond that associated with hypocalcemia and associated QT prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Fielden
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Charles Dean
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Kurt Black
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Satin G. Sawant
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Raju Subramanian
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Walter
- Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Zimmermann
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Pyrah
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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14
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Oliveira H, Catros S, Boiziau C, Siadous R, Marti-Munoz J, Bareille R, Rey S, Castano O, Planell J, Amédée J, Engel E. The proangiogenic potential of a novel calcium releasing biomaterial: Impact on cell recruitment. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:435-445. [PMID: 26441126 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In current bone tissue engineering strategies the achievement of sufficient angiogenesis during tissue regeneration is still a major limitation in order to attain full functionality. Several strategies have been described to tackle this problem, mainly by the use of angiogenic factors or endothelial progenitor cells. However, when facing a clinical scenario these approaches are inherently complex and present a high cost. As such, more cost effective alternatives are awaited. Here, we demonstrate the potential of electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber-based membranes, containing calcium phosphate ormoglass (CaP) particles, to elicit angiogenesis in vivo, in a subcutaneous model in mice. We show that the current approach elicited the local expression of angiogenic factors, associated to a chemotactic effect on macrophages, and sustained angiogenesis into the biomaterial. As both PLA and CaP are currently accepted for clinical application these off-the-shelf novel membranes have great potential for guided bone regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In current bone tissue engineering approaches the achievement of sufficient angiogenesis, during tissue regeneration, is a major limitation in order to attain full tissue functionality. Recently, our group has found that calcium ions released by the degradation of calcium phosphate ormoglasses (CaP) are effective angiogenic promoters. Based on this, in this work we successfully produced hybrid fibrous mats with different contents of CaP nanoparticles and thus with different calcium ion release rates, using an ormoglass - poly(lactic acid) blend approach. We show that these matrices, upon implantation in a subcutaneous site, could elicit the local expression of angiogenic factors, associated to a chemotactic effect on macrophages, and sustained angiogenesis into the biomaterial, in a CaP dose dependent manner. This off-the-shelf cost effective approach presents great potential to translate to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Oliveira
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France.
| | - Sylvain Catros
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France
| | - Claudine Boiziau
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France
| | - Robin Siadous
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France
| | - Joan Marti-Munoz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Reine Bareille
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France
| | - Sylvie Rey
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France
| | - Oscar Castano
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Planell
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex 33076, France
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain; Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Noh JS, Pak HJ, Shin YJ, Riew TR, Park JH, Moon YW, Lee MY. Differential expression of the calcium-sensing receptor in the ischemic and border zones after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2015; 66-67:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Lee GS, Subramanian N, Kim AI, Aksentijevich I, Goldbach-Mansky R, Sacks DB, Germain RN, Kastner DL, Chae JJ. The calcium-sensing receptor regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Ca2+ and cAMP. Nature 2012; 492:123-7. [PMID: 23143333 DOI: 10.1038/nature11588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding NLRP3 cause a spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases known as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). NLRP3 is a key component of one of several distinct cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes (inflammasomes) that mediate the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by activating caspase-1. Although several models for inflammasome activation, such as K(+) efflux, generation of reactive oxygen species and lysosomal destabilization, have been proposed, the precise molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as the mechanism by which CAPS-associated mutations activate NLRP3, remain to be elucidated. Here we show that the murine calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, mediated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) and decreased cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Ca(2+) or other CASR agonists activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the absence of exogenous ATP, whereas knockdown of CASR reduces inflammasome activation in response to known NLRP3 activators. CASR activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through phospholipase C, which catalyses inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate production and thereby induces release of Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum stores. The increased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) promotes the assembly of inflammasome components, and intracellular Ca(2+) is required for spontaneous inflammasome activity in cells from patients with CAPS. CASR stimulation also results in reduced intracellular cAMP, which independently activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. cAMP binds to NLRP3 directly to inhibit inflammasome assembly, and downregulation of cAMP relieves this inhibition. The binding affinity of cAMP for CAPS-associated mutant NLRP3 is substantially lower than for wild-type NLRP3, and the uncontrolled mature IL-1β production from CAPS patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells is attenuated by increasing cAMP. Taken together, these findings indicate that Ca(2+) and cAMP are two key molecular regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome that have critical roles in the molecular pathogenesis of CAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Shik Lee
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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17
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Li T, Sun M, Yin X, Wu C, Wu Q, Feng S, Li H, Luan Y, Wen J, Yan L, Zhao B, Xu C, Sun Y. Expression of the calcium sensing receptor in human peripheral blood T lymphocyte and its contribution to cytokine secretion through MAPKs or NF-κB pathways. Mol Immunol 2012; 53:414-20. [PMID: 23103379 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been reported to play an important role in many tissues and organs. However, studies about the expression and function of CaSR in T lymphocytes are still not very lucid. In this study, we investigated the above-mentioned issues using RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and the ELISA techniques. We found that the CaSR protein was expressed, and mainly located in the membrane in the normal human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. GdCl(3) (an agonist of CaSR) increased the dose-dependency of the CaSR expression, which was abolished by NPS2390 (an inhibitor of CaSR). GdCl(3) and Ca(2+) increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 (one subgroup of MAPKs) and P65 (subunit of NF-κB),but, they had no significant effects on the JNK and P38 subgroups of MAPKs. Meantime, GdCl(3) and Ca(2+) stimulated both the IL-6 and TNF-β releases and their mRNA expressions. However, these effects of GdCl(3) and Ca(2+) were inhibited by NPS2390, U0126 (MAPKs pathway inhibitor) or Bay-11-7082 (NF-κB pathway inhibitor). These results suggested that CaSR was functionally expressed in the T cells, and the activated CaSR contributed to the cytokine secretion through the partial MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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18
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Li HX, Kong FJ, Bai SZ, He W, Xing WJ, Xi YH, Li GW, Guo J, Li HZ, Wu LY, Wang R, Yang GD, Tian Y, Xu CQ. Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor in oxLDL-induced MMP-2 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:115-22. [PMID: 22083546 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is constitutively expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and up-regulated in atherosclerotic lesion by various stimuli, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is also expressed in VSMCs, but it remains unclear whether CaSR is associated with overproduction of MMP-2 in VSMCs. In this study, the expression of MMP-2 was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, and the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 was measured using gelatin zymography. Our results showed that oxLDL enhanced MMP-2 expression and activity in rat aortic VSMCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, CaSR expression was up-regulated by oxLDL. Manipulating CaSR function in these cells by NPS2390 (an antagonist of CaSR) or GdCl(3) (an agonist of CaSR) affected the oxLDL-induced MMP-2 production. In VSMCs, oxLDL stimulated the rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal pathway, as determined by Western blot analysis. Phosphorylation of Akt and MMP-2 production stimulated by oxLDL were attenuated by LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K). Activation of Akt was suppressed by NPS2390 but enhanced by GdCl(3). In contrast, oxLDL had no stimulatory effect on the phosphorylation of JNK, and pretreatment with SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK) produced no significant effect on oxLDL-induced MMP-2 production. These results suggest that CaSR mediates oxLDL-induced MMP-2 production in VSMCs via PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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Abstract
Vitamin D has been produced by plants and animals almost from the time life began. The ability to transport and metabolize vitamin D to more active forms evolved as the structures of plants and animals became more complex, and the cells within these organisms took on more specialized functions. In higher-order animals, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly every cell, and the ability of the cell to produce the active hormone, 1,25(OH)2D, is also widely distributed. Furthermore, the physiological functions with which vitamin D signalling is now associated are as diverse as the tissues in which the VDR is located. Why is this, and is there a common theme? This viewpoint article argues that there is. All cells maintain a fairly constant and submicromolar concentration of free calcium. Calcium is an important regulator of many processes within the cell. The ebb and flow of calcium within cells is controlled by calcium pumps, antiporters and channels. Animals with calcified exo- or endoskeletons have an additional need for calcium, a need that changes during the life cycle of the organism. In this article, I make the case that vitamin D signalling evolved to enable the organism to effectively regulate calcium flux, storage and signalling and that such regulation is critical for the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA.
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