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Philogene MC, Johnson T, Vaught AJ, Zakaria S, Fedarko N. Antibodies against Angiotensin II Type 1 and Endothelin A Receptors: Relevance and pathogenicity. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:561-567. [PMID: 31010696 PMCID: PMC8015780 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and endothelin A receptor (ETAR) are among a growing number of autoantibodies that are found to be associated with allograft dysfunction. AT1R antibodies (AT1Rabs) and ETAR antibodies (ETARabs) have been shown to activate their target receptors and affect signaling pathways. Multiple single center reports have shown an association between presence of these antibodies and acute or chronic rejection and graft loss in kidney, heart, liver, lung and composite tissue transplantations. However, the characteristics of patients that are most likely to develop adverse outcomes, the phenotypes associated with graft damage solely due to these antibodies, and the antibody titer required to cause dysfunction are areas that remain controversial. This review compiles existing knowledge on the effect of antibodies against GPCRs in other diseases in order to bridge the gap in knowledge within transplantation biology. Future areas for research are highlighted and include the need for functional assays and treatment protocols for transplant patients who present with AT1Rabs and ETARabs. Understanding how antibodies that activate GPCRs influence transplantation outcome will have direct clinical implications for preemptive evaluation of transplant candidates as well as the post-transplant care of organ recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Carmelle Philogene
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Tory Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arthur Jason Vaught
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sammy Zakaria
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neal Fedarko
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Chen X, Sun X, Wang Z, Zhou X, Xu L, Li F, Zhang X, Pan J, Qi L, Qian H, Mao Z. Involvement of acid-sensing ion channel 1a in gastric carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:440-446. [PMID: 29584803 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic microenvironment, particularly acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), has been reported to promote carcinoma cell proliferation as well as migration. In this study, we explored the effect of ASIC1a on migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma (GC). ASIC1a expression levels were examined in paired GC and adjacent normal tissues from 16 patients by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and immunoblotting were conducted to assess the ASIC1a expression levels in the GC cell line AGS after transfection with ASIC1a small hairpin RNA (shRNA). Wound healing and transwell invasion assays were utilized to detect metastasis and invasion following ASIC1a silencing. Tumor formation was used to detect the role of ASIC1a in tumorigenicity in vivo. It was found that ASIC1a expression level was significantly higher in GC tissues showing postoperative metastasis compared with non-metastasis and non-tumor tissues. Moreover, silencing of ASIC1a with shRNA significantly down-regulated ASIC1a expression and reduced GC cell migration and invasion. A moderately acidic extracellular environment inhibited GC cell viability. Furthermore, ASIC1a shRNA caused inhibition of tumorigenicity in vivo. Our study is the first report of attenuating the malignant phenotype of GC in vitro and in vivo by suppressing ASIC1a, and suggests a novel approach to study the relationship between ASICs and GC cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Feng'e Li
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xingding Zhang
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ji'an Pan
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhongqi Mao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Hu Q, Hu Z, Chen Q, Huang Y, Mao Z, Xu F, Zhou X. BML-111 equilibrated ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis to protect hepatic fibrosis in rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:75-82. [PMID: 28822808 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently reported Lipoxins (LXs) had protective effects on fibrous diseases, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) had played vital and bidirectional roles in hepatic fibrosis. In this paper, a hepatic fibrosis model, induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in rats, was used to observe the relations between RAAS and LXs, as well as to further explore the alternative anti-fibrosis mechanisms of LXs. METHODS The model was evaluated by morphological observations and biochemical assays. The activities and contents of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were examined through assay kits and ELISA. The expression levels of angiotensinII (AngII), Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-1-7), and Mas were all measured using real time PCR, ELISA, and Western blot. RESULTS The model was established successfully and BML-111 significantly ameliorated CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis, including reduction inflammation injury, decrease extracellular matrix deposition, and improvement hepatic functions. Furthermore, BML-111 could obviously decrease not only the activities of ACE but also the expression levels of ACE, AngII,and AT1R, which were induced by CCL4. On the other hand, BML-111 could markedly increase the activities of ACE2, besides the expression levels of ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas. More importantly, BOC-2, a lipoxin A4 receptor blocker, could reverse all these phenomena. CONCLUSIONS Equilibrating ACE-AngII-AT1R axis and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis mediated the protective effect of BML-111 on hepatic fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quandong Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Qiongfeng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zi Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Fangyun Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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Zhou N, Si Z, Li T, Chen G, Zhang Z, Qi H. Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 functions as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma, regulating cellular proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:132-138. [PMID: 27347113 PMCID: PMC4906942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve an important role in tumor progression. Previous studies have reported that the lncRNA, colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2), was highly expressed in various tumors. However, the function of CCAT2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to identify novel oncogene lncRNAs and investigate their physiological function and mechanism in HCC. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, it was observed that CCAT2 was upregulated in HCC tissues and human HCC cell lines. Furthermore, the impacts of CCAT2 on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were analyzed using cell migration, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis respectively. The overexpression of CCAT2 using a synthesized vector significantly promoted cell migration and proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. The suppression of CCAT2 expression resulted in opposing effects. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that CCAT2 functions as a oncogene in HCC. Further investigation is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of this lncRNA in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhou Si
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guangshun Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiang Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Haizhi Qi
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Liu YR, Tang RX, Huang WT, Ren FH, He RQ, Yang LH, Luo DZ, Dang YW, Chen G. Long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Novel insights into their mechanism. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2781-2791. [PMID: 26668690 PMCID: PMC4670950 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i28.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant subject of liver malignancies which arouse global concern. Advanced studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in HCC and implicate they may play distinct roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarized the functions and mechanisms of those known aberrantly expressed lncRNAs identified in human HCC tissues. We hope to enlighten more comprehensive researches on the detailed mechanisms of lncRNAs and their application in clinic, such as being used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and the targets for potential therapy. Although studies on lncRNAs in HCC are still deficient, an improved understanding of the roles played by lncRNAs in HCC will lead to a much more effective utilization of those lncRNAs as novel candidates in early detection, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Long non-coding RNAs and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:13-17. [PMID: 25469263 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology in transcriptome analysis have helped identify numerous non-coding RNAs. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is commonly defined as an RNA molecule with a length of 200 bp-100 kbp that lacks protein-coding potential. LncRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, including chromatin modification, transcription and post-transcriptional processing. It has been confirmed that dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with a number of human diseases, particularly tumors. In this study, we focused on the most extensively investigated lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the majority of lncRNAs have yet to be investigated. The improved knowledge on lncRNAs in HCC may help identify lncRNAs that may be used as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel 1a in hepatic stellate cells attenuates PDGF-induced activation of HSCs through MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:199-209. [PMID: 24939363 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), a group of Na(+)-selective and Ca(2+)-permeant ligand-gated cation channels, can be transiently activated by extracellular acid. Among seven subunits of ASICs, acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), which is responsible for Ca(2+) transportation, is elevated in response to inflammation, tumor, and ischemic injury in central nervous system and non-neuronal tissues. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of ASIC1a in rat liver and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Furthermore, the expression of ASIC1a was increased in primary HSCs and liver tissues of CCl4-treated rats, suggesting that ASIC1a may play certain role in liver fibrosis. Interestingly, we identified that the level of ASIC1a was significantly elevated in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induction in a time- and dose-dependent manner. It was also established that Ca(2+)-transporting ASIC1a was involved in acid-induced injury of different cell types. Moreover, inhibition or silencing of ASIC1a was able to inhibit PDGF-induced pro-fibrogenic effects of activated rat HSCs, including cell activation, de novo synthesis of extracellular matrix components through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Collectively, our studies identified that ASIC1a was expressed in rat liver and HSCs and provided a strong evidence for the involvement of the ASIC1a in the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
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shRNA targeting β1-integrin suppressed proliferative aspects and migratory properties of airway smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 361:111-21. [PMID: 21987234 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is an essential feature of airway remodeling in chronic asthma. However, the precise mechanisms of this pathological process have not been well studied. In previous study, we found that β1-integrin, which was dramatically upregulated in ASM cells in an asthmatic mouse model, was associated with the cell proliferation. In this study, we employed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting β1-integrin to assess the effect of down-regulation of this receptor on the proliferative aspects and migratory properties of ASM cells in vitro. The cells were treated with shRNA expression vectors directed against β1-integrin, control vectors that included the blank control, empty vector without shRNA, and mismatched shRNA, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of β1-integrin were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was measured by BrdU ELISA and cell cycle by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining. Cell migration assays were evaluated by transwell assay and expression of IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA. The results revealed that shRNA targeting β1-integrin significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of β1-integrin, enhanced the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase, decreased the proportion in S phase, promoted cell apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, migration, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in vitro. In conclusion, the overexpression of β1-integrin in ASM cells is essential for airway dysfunction development because it promotes proliferative aspects and migratory properties of ASM cells. Importantly, shRNA targeting β1-integrin may provide a new approach to preventing airway remodeling in chronic asthma.
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Leng ZW, Yin T, Xia QH, Zhang WL, Wang GB, Tao KX. SiRNA-mediated down-regulation of Bmi-1 expression inhibits proliferation of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1342-1346. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i13.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of knockdown of the B-cell specific Moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1) gene on the biological behavior of human pancreatic cancer cells.
METHODS: An expression vector carrying a small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting the Bmi-1 gene was constructed and transfected into human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. After transfection, Bmi-1 protein expression was detected by Western blot; cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay; and cell cycle progression and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant vector had more significant cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase: 60.480% ± 1.545% vs 40.520% ± 2.865%; S phase: 35.740% ± 2.074% vs 12.68% ± 2.654%), increased apoptosis (21.670% ± 2.948% vs 7.870% ± 0.900%), and decreased Bmi-1 expression (175.39 ± 1.76 vs 318.54 ± 3.53, P < 0.05) compared to control cells.
CONCLUSION: SiRNA-mediated down-regulation of Bmi-1 expression induces cell cycle arrest and increases apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. Bmi-1 might serve as a target for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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