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Li G, Han L, Ma R, Saeed K, Xiong H, Klaassen CD, Lu Y, Zhang Y. Glucocorticoids Increase Renal Excretion of Urate in Mice by Downregulating Urate Transporter 1. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1343-1351. [PMID: 31519697 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids have been widely used for the treatment of gout, a disease promoted by an excess body burden of uric acid (UA); however, their effects on the homeostasis of UA remain poorly understood. The present study showed that 1-week treatments with three NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, and indomethacin) had little effect on UA homeostasis in mice, whereas 1-week low doses (1 and 5 mg/kg) of dexamethasone (DEX) significantly decreased serum UA by about 15%. Additionally, low doses of DEX also resulted in increases in hepatic UA concentration and urinary UA excretion, which were associated with an induction of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) in the liver and a downregulation of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) in the kidney, respectively. Neither 75 mg/kg DEX nor 100 mg/kg pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile altered UA concentrations in serum and livers of mice, suggesting that the effect of DEX on UA homeostasis was not due to the pregnane X receptor pathway. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was involved in DEX-mediated downregulation of URAT1. Knockdown of both p65 and c-Jun completely blocked the effect of DEX on URAT1, suggesting that GR regulates URAT1 via its interaction with both nuclear factor κB and activator protein 1 signaling pathways. To conclude, the present study identifies, for the first time, a critical role of glucocorticoids in regulating UA homeostasis and elucidates the mechanism for GR-mediated regulation of URAT1 in mice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates, for the first time, a critical role of glucocorticoid receptor in regulating urate transporter 1 in mouse kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Lifeng Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Ruicong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Khawar Saeed
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University (G.L., R.M., K.S., H.X., Y.Z.), and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District (L.H.), Tianjin, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.D.K.); and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (Y.L.)
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Inhibition of Proteasome Activity Upregulates IL-6 Expression in RPE Cells through the Activation of P38 MAPKs. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:5392432. [PMID: 30116631 PMCID: PMC6079444 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5392432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As far as we know, during the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the activity of proteasome in retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) gradually decreases. And a lot of research has shown that age-related macular degeneration is closely related to inflammation and autoimmune. Moreover, there are many cytokines (CKs) involved in the course of inflammation. In this study, we are going to investigate how the decrease of proteasome activity affects the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19). Methods Cultured ARPE-19 was treated with or without MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, and the levels of IL-6 mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) in RPE at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, and IL-6 protein in the culture medium at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, and 12 h were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein levels of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) in the culture medium at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, and 12 h were also measured by ELISA. Then we tested which of cell signal pathways regulating the production of IL-6 were activated when we added MG132 into the medium by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). After that, we put the inhibitors of these activated cell signal pathways into the medium individually to see which inhibitor can counteract the effect of upregulating the levels of IL-6 in the culture medium of RPE. Results MG132 decreased the secretion of MCP-1 in the culture medium of RPE, but it increased the expression of IL-6 mRNA in RPE and IL-6 protein level in the culture medium of RPE. MG132 treatment was also found to enhance the level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) by Western blotting. More importantly, the effect of MG132 on upregulating the levels of IL-6 was inhibited by SB203580, an inhibitor of P38 MAP kinases. But the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, cannot prevent the effect of upregulating the levels of IL-6 by MG132 in the RPE culture medium. Conclusions We concluded that the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, upregulates IL-6 production in RPE cells through the activation of P38 MAPKs.
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Andrade MER, Santos RDGCD, Soares ADN, Costa KA, Fernandes SOA, de Souza CM, Cassali GD, de Souza AL, Faria AMC, Cardoso VN. Pretreatment and Treatment WithL-Arginine Attenuate Weight Loss and Bacterial Translocation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:1131-1139. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115581374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adna Luciana de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Lei QQ, Hu GQ, Chen W, Yu SX, Qi S, Du CT, Gu JM, Lin TJ, Yang YJ. RCAN1 deficiency protects against Salmonella intestinal infection by modulating JNK activation. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:26-33. [PMID: 27449908 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1) has been shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the biological implications of RCAN1 during gastrointestinal tract infection remain unclear. In this study, we tried to determine the role of RCAN1 in acute Salmonella infectious colitis. METHODS Wild type and RCAN1-deficient mice or macrophages were used to characterize the impacts of RCAN1 on intestinal inflammation, inflammatory cytokines production, animal survival, and pathogen clearance following Salmonella challenge. RESULTS Histologic and quantitative assessments showed increased inflammation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines production in RCAN1-deficient mice. The aberrant inflammatory response was recapitulated in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition, we reveal a novel regulatory role for RCAN1 in the proinflammatory JNK signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis showed that the increased inflammation in RCAN1-deficient mice contributed to pathogen clearance and host survival. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that RCAN1 deficiency protects against Salmonella intestinal infection by enhancing proinflammatory JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shui-Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shuai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing-Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Yang J, Chen L, Ding J, Zhang J, Fan Z, Yang C, Yu Q, Yang J. Cardioprotective effect of miRNA-22 on hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury in neonatal rats. Gene 2016; 579:17-22. [PMID: 26707060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhixing Fan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chaojun Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qinqin Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
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Syndecan 1 plays a novel role in enteral glutamine's gut-protective effects of the postischemic gut. Shock 2012; 38:57-62. [PMID: 22706022 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31825a188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan 1 is the predominant heparan sulfate proteoglycan found on the surface of epithelial cells and, like glutamine, is essential in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier. We therefore hypothesized that loss of epithelial syndecan 1 would abrogate the gut-protective effects of enteral glutamine. Both an in vitro and in vivo model of gut ischemia-reperfusion (IR) was utilized. In vitro, intestinal epithelial cells underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation to mimic gut IR with 2 mM (physiologic) or 10 mM glutamine supplementation. Permeability, caspase activity, cell growth, and cell surface and shed syndecan 1 were assessed. In vivo, wild-type and syndecan 1 knockout (KO) mice received ± enteral glutamine followed by gut IR. Intestinal injury was assessed by fluorescent dye clearance and histopathology, permeability as mucosal-to-serosal clearance ex vivo in everted sacs, and inflammation by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In an in vitro model of gut IR, glutamine supplementation reduced epithelial cell permeability and apoptosis and enhanced cell growth. Shed syndecan 1 was reduced by glutamine without an increase in syndecan 1 mRNA. In vivo, intestinal permeability, inflammation, and injury were increased after gut IR in wild-type mice and further increased in syndecan 1 KO mice. Glutamine's attenuation of IR-induced intestinal hyperpermeability, inflammation, and injury was abolished in syndecan 1 KO mice. These results suggest that syndecan 1 plays a novel role in the protective effects of enteral glutamine in the postischemic gut.
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