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Liang Y, Jiao J, Liang L, Zhang J, Lu Y, Xie H, Liang Q, Wan D, Duan L, Wu Y, Zhang B. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 mediated the promotion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma progression through Smad-p38-JNK signaling pathway induced by TGF-β. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:583-589. [PMID: 29577454 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yancan Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jiuyang Jiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lizhong Liang
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yingjuan Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- Department of Stomatology; Shenzhen People's Hospital; Shenzhen China
| | - Qixiang Liang
- Department of Stomatology; the third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Di Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Liming Duan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhu Q, Zeng H, Wang T, Gao F, Qi Z, Zhang J, Wang R. High TRAF6 Expression Is Associated With Esophageal Carcinoma Recurrence and Prompts Cancer Cell Invasion. Oncol Res 2017; 25:485-493. [PMID: 27697099 PMCID: PMC7841001 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14749340314441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it has a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms of esophageal cancer progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in esophageal cancer. Expression of TRAF6 in esophageal cancer was examined, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors and patient prognosis was analyzed. A series of functional and mechanism assays were performed to further investigate the function and underlying mechanisms in esophageal cancer. Expression of TRAF6 was highly elevated in esophageal cancer tissues, and patients with high TRAF6 expression have a significantly shorter survival time than those with low TRAF6 expression. Furthermore, loss-of-function experiments showed that knockdown of TRAF6 significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, the pro-oncogenic effects of TRAF6 in esophageal cancer were mediated by the upregulation of AEP and MMP2. Altogether, our data suggest that high expression of TRAF6 is significant for esophageal cancer progression, and TRAF6 indicates poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients, which might be a novel prognostic biomarker or potential therapeutic target in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- †Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Qikun Zhu
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Qi
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- §Department of Medical Affairs, Hebei Chest Hospital, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, P.R. China
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Zhang T, Wang H, Han L. Expression and Clinical Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6 in Patients With Colon Cancer. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e23931. [PMID: 26889392 PMCID: PMC4752796 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been reported to be highly expressed in many tumor tissues, but it is still of value to detect its expression in patients with colon cancer and to clarify its clinical significance. OBJECTIVES To study the expression and clinical significance of TRAF6 in patients with colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 135 patients with colon cancer who underwent surgery at our hospital from February 2008 to March 2013 were selected. The expression levels of TRAF6 protein in tumor and paracancerous tissues were detected with the immunohistochemical method to evaluate their clinical significance. RESULTS The positive expression rate of TRAF6 in tumor tissues was 66.7%, which was significantly higher than in normal paracancerous tissues (18.5%). The positive expression rate of TRAF6 was significantly correlated with Dukes' staging, degree of differentiation, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05), but not gender or age (P > 0.05). The expression level of TRAF6 was negatively correlated with the 5-year survival rate; patients with high TRAF6 expression levels had significantly decreased survival compared to those with low levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TRAF6 plays an important role in the onset of colon cancer; therefore, drugs targeting it may have great clinical significance in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Center Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding Author: Tao Zhang, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Center Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China. Tel/Fax: +86-2782211448, E-mail:
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Center Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Center Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Sun H, Li X, Fan L, Wu G, Li M, Fang J. TRAF6 is upregulated in colon cancer and promotes proliferation of colon cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sun H, Li XB, Meng Y, Fan L, Li M, Fang J. TRAF6 Upregulates Expression of HIF-1α and Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4950-9. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhong L, Cao F, You Q. Effect of TRAF6 on the biological behavior of human lung adenocarcinoma cell. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:231-9. [PMID: 23055197 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a unique adaptor protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family that mediates both tumor necrosis factor receptor and interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor signaling. A recent study showed that TRAF6 played an important role in tumorigenesis and invasion through activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). However, the biological role of TRAF6 remains unknown in lung cancer up to now. To address the expression of TRAF6 in lung cancer cells, four lung cancer cell lines (A549, HCC827, NCI-H292, and 95-D) and human bronchial epithelial cells were used to detect the expression of TRAF6 protein by western blotting. Results indicated that TRAF6 displayed an upregulation in human lung cancer cell lines. To investigate the effects of TRAF6 on the biological behavior of human lung adenocarcinoma cell, we generated human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line in which TRAF6 was depleted. The results showed that downregulation of TRAF6 could decrease cell viability, suppress cell proliferation and invasion, and promote cell apoptosis. At the same time, we explored the effects of TRAF6 on the expression of the following proteins: phosphor-NF-κB (p-p65), cyclin D1, caspase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Downregulation of TRAF6 could decrease the expression of p-p65, cyclin D1, and MMP9 and increase the expression of caspase-3. All these results suggested that TRAF6 might be involved in the potentiation of growth, proliferation, and invasion of A549 cell line, as well as the inhibition of A549 cell apoptosis by the activation of NF-κB. To make a long story short, the overexpression of TRAF6 might be related to the tumorigenesis and invasion of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Meng Q, Zheng M, Liu H, Song C, Zhang W, Yan J, Qin L, Liu X. TRAF6 regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of osteosarcoma cell. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:177-86. [PMID: 22886393 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TRAF6, a unique tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family member, possesses a unique receptor-binding specificity that results in its crucial role as the signaling mediator for TNF receptor superfamily and interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily. TRAF6 plays an important role in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the expression of TRAF6 in osteosarcoma tissues and its correlation to the clinical pathology of osteosarcoma and to discuss the relationship between TRAF6 expression and osteosarcoma invasion. These data will provide the experimental base for the biological treatment of osteosarcoma in the future. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, the results showed that the expression rate of TRAF6 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal bone tissue (p < 0.05), that the expression rate of TRAF6 mRNA in the carcinoma tissues from patients with lung metastasis was significantly higher than that from patients without lung metastasis (p < 0.05), and that the expression rate of TRAF6 mRNA also increased with increasing Enneking stage (p < 0.05). However, the mRNA expression of TRAF6 in osteosarcoma was independent of the patient's gender, age, and tumor size (p > 0.05). The TRAF6 protein displayed an up-regulation in osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal bone tissue (p < 0.05), displayed an up-regulation in osteosarcoma tissues from patients with lung metastasis compared to from patients without lung metastasis (p < 0.05), and displayed a gradual increase with increasing Enneking stage (p < 0.05). By the technique of RNA interference, the expression of TRAF6 in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line was down-regulated, and the invasive ability of MG-63 cells was examined. The results showed that TRAF6 protein expression was significantly decreased in the MG-63 cells from TRAF6 siRNA-transfected group (p < 0.05), and the proliferation ability of MG-63 cells and the number of MG-63 cells that passed through the Transwell chamber were significantly lower than that in the non-transfected control group as well as the transfected control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the percentage of MG-63 cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly higher in the TRAF6 siRNA-transfected group compared with the non-transfected control group as well as the transfected control group (p < 0.05). The expression of p-p65, cyclin D1, MMP-9 was down-regulated in the MG-63 cells from TRAF6 siRNA-transfected group. The expression of caspase 3 was up-regulated in the MG-63 cells from TRAF6 siRNA-transfected group compared to the non-transfected control group as well as the transfected control group (p < 0.05). To make a long story short, the overexpression of TRAF6 in osteosarcoma might be related to the tumorigenesis, invasion of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbing Meng
- Orthopedics Department, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, 16 Yue-He Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, People's Republic of China.
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TNF receptor-associated factor 6 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: clinical and prognostic implications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1853-63. [PMID: 22736025 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) represents a central point of convergence for the signal transduction by the TNFR and the IL-lR/TLR superfamilies. We conducted this retrospective clinical study focusing on TRAF6 expression associated with overall survival and chemotherapeutical sensitivity in a large population with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A total of 324 patients with stage III and IV NSCLC were retrospectively enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of TRAF6, apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, and FasL, as well as the density of CD8(+) and FOXP3(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor microenvironment. RESULTS A total of 193 carcinomas (59.6 %) were identified as high expression of TRAF6. TRAF6 expression was not significantly related with histology and clinic stage. No obvious correlation of TRAF6 expression with apoptosis-related protein and TILs density was identified. TRAF6 status was correlated inversely with response to chemotherapy in overall patients (response rates 24.9 and 32.8 %, for patients with high-TRAF6 and low-TRAF6 tumors, respectively, P = 0.039). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis could not identify TRAF6 status as an independent predictor for the response to chemotherapy in overall cohort (95 % CI: 0.91-3.32, P = 0.065). The overall survival was not significantly associated with TRAF6 expression (P = 0.616). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insight for the biological properties and clinical relevance of the TRAF6 in NSCLC. TRAF6 is a promise target for therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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