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Lapenna D, Ciofani G, Calafiore AM, Cipollone F, Porreca E. Impaired glutathione-related antioxidant defenses in the arterial tissue of diabetic patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:525-531. [PMID: 29964170 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the specific enzymatic activities of selenium-dependent (GSH-Px) and -independent (GST-Px) glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in internal mammary arteries (IMArt) specimens obtained during coronary artery bypass surgery in 18 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to 18 non-diabetic controls; vascular lipid peroxidation, namely fluorescent damage products of lipid peroxidation (FDPL) as 4-hydroxynonenal-related oxidative stress indicators, was also studied. Moreover, in other 16 diabetic patients and 16 controls, total glutathione (TGlut) was determined in IMArt specimens specifically homogenized in sulfosalycilic acid to prevent vascular GSH depletion. The activities of GSH-Px, GSSG-Red, and GST were significantly lower, and FDPL levels higher, in the arterial tissue of diabetic patients than in that of controls; GST-Px was undetectable. Such enzymatic activities were inversely correlated with vascular lipid peroxidation, highlighting their antioxidant role in the arterial tissue, as were HbA1c and FDPL levels with the enzymatic activities, suggesting that glycation, oxidant species and lipoperoxidation aldehydes may be involved in glutathione-related enzyme inactivation. Further, in the diabetic patients HbA1c was correlated directly with lipid peroxidation but inversely with TGlut of the arterial tissue. In the patients considered for vascular enzymatic activities and FDPL assay, 3/4-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) as expression of atherosclerosis severity was present in 9 diabetic patients and in 3 controls. Notably, vascular glutathione-related enzymatic activities were significantly lower, and FDPL levels higher, in the 9 diabetic patients with 3/4-vessel CAD than in the 9 without, as well as in the total of 12 patients with 3/4-vessel CAD than in the total of 24 patients without. Moreover, vascular TGlut content was significantly lower in the diabetic than in the control patients. Three/4-vessel CAD was present in 6 diabetic patients and in 2 controls considered for determination of vascular Tglut content, which was significantly lower in the diabetic patients with 3/4-vessel CAD than in those without, as well in the total of 8 patients with 3/4-vessel CAD than in the total of 24 patients without. Thus, weakened glutathione-related antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress of the arterial tissue are associated with the severity of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, impaired glutathione-related antioxidant defenses of the arterial tissue occur in diabetic patients, eventually favoring vascular oxidative stress and the severity of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Fondazione Università G. d'Annunzio, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Ciofani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Fondazione Università G. d'Annunzio, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Calafiore
- Dipartimento di Cardiochirurgia,Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ettore Porreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Improved Methods for the Rapid Formation and Prevention of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) In Vitro by Coupling to the Hypoxanthine/Xanthine Oxidase Assay System. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030088. [PMID: 30111701 PMCID: PMC6164639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent a set of molecules that contribute directly to the initiation and aggravation of diseases associated with ageing. AGEs are produced by the reaction between reducing sugars (or α-dicarbonyl compounds), proteins, and amino acid residues. Previous in vitro methods using non-enzymatic procedures described in the literature require an incubation period of 1–3 weeks to generate AGEs. In this study, the reaction time for the formation of AGEs (48 and 3 h) was significantly reduced by adaptation of methods previously described in the literature and coupling them to the free radical generation system termed hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay. The incorporation of this assay into the experimental system accelerated the production of AGEs as a result of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown by increased fluorescence. The capacity of different classes of chemical compounds (aminoguanidine, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and methanol extracts of Hancornia speciosa Gomes) to inhibit protein glycation by acting as scavenging agents of α-dicarbonyl species was evaluated. Aminoguanidine and, especially, rutin identified in the leaf extracts of H. speciosa Gomes showed a high capacity to act as scavengers of reactive carbonyl species RCS-trapping, resulting in the inhibition of AGEs formation.
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Li D, Wang N, Zhang J, Ma S, Zhao Z, Ellis EM. Hepatoprotective effect of 7-Hydroxycoumarin against Methyl glyoxal toxicity via activation of Nrf2. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Suantawee T, Cheng H, Adisakwattana S. Protective effect of cyanidin against glucose- and methylglyoxal-induced protein glycation and oxidative DNA damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:814-821. [PMID: 27645922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin, a natural anthocyanin abundant in fruits and vegetables, has shown the health benefits due to its pharmacological properties. However, there was no evidence regarding anti-glycation activity of cyanidin. The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of cyanidin on methylglyoxal (MG)- and glucose-induced protein glycation in bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as oxidative DNA damage. Free radical scavenging activity and the MG-trapping ability of cyanidin were also investigated. The results demonstrated that cyanidin (0.125-1mM) significantly inhibited the formation of fluorescent and non-fluorescent AGEs in BSA/MG and BSA/glucose systems. There was a significantly improved protein thiol in BSA/MG and BSA/glucose when incubated with cyanidin. Correspondingly, cyanidin decreased the level of protein carbonyl content in BSA/glucose system. Moreover, cyanidin (0.5-1mM) prevented lysine/MG-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the absence or presence of copper ion. The results demonstrated that cyanidin showed the MG-trapping ability in a concentration-dependent manner. Cyanidin also reduced superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical generation in lysine/MG system. The mechanism by which cyanidin inhibited protein glycation was the MG-trapping ability and the free radical scavenging activity. The present study suggests that cyanidin might be a promising antiglycation agent for preventing or ameliorating AGEs-mediated diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyawan Suantawee
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Whitcomb EA, Chiu CJ, Taylor A. Dietary glycemia as a determinant of health and longevity. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 46:14-20. [PMID: 26282832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of diet in extending lifespan and healthspan has been the subject of much research and debate. Our recent epidemiological and in vivo data suggest that carbohydrate quality can be a major determinant in prolonging eye health. Additionally, excessive carbohydrate intake can contribute to the exacerbation of many different diseases. The metabolic diversity of the tissues that are affected by excessive carbohydrate intake suggests that dietary carbohydrate quality may affect cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Whitcomb
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chung-Jung Chiu
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Trnková L, Dršata J, Boušová I. Oxidation as an important factor of protein damage: Implications for Maillard reaction. J Biosci 2015; 40:419-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Compounds blocking methylglyoxal-induced protein modification and brain endothelial injury. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:753-64. [PMID: 25446614 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated levels of reactive carbonyl species such as methylglyoxal triggers carbonyl stress and activates a series of inflammatory responses leading to accelerated vascular damage. Carbonyl stress is implicated in conditions and diseases like aging, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to examine the effects of methylglyoxal on human hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cells and search for protective molecules to prevent endothelial damage. METHODS Methylglyoxal-induced modification of albumin was tested in a cell-free assay. Endothelial cell viability was monitored by impedance measurement in real-time. The following compounds were tested in cell-free and viability assays: β-alanine, all-trans-retinoic acid, aminoguanidine, ascorbic acid, L-carnosine, GW-3333, indapamide, piracetam, γ-tocopherol, U0126, verapamil. Barrier function of brain endothelial monolayers was characterized by permeability measurements and visualized by immunohistochemistry for β-catenin. mRNA expression level of 60 selected blood-brain barrier-related genes in hCMEC/D3 cells was investigated by a custom Taqman gene array. RESULTS Methylglyoxal treatment significantly elevated protein modification, exerted toxicity, reduced barrier integrity, increased permeability for markers FITC-dextran and albumin and caused higher production of reactive oxygen species in hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells. Changes in the mRNA expression of 30 genes coding tight junction proteins, transporters and enzymes were observed in methylglyoxal-treated hCMEC/D3 cells. From the tested 11 compounds only all-trans-retinoic acid, an antioxidant and antiglycation agent, U0126, a MAP/ERK kinase inhibitor and aminoguanidine attenuated methylglyoxal-induced damage in hCMEC/D3 cells. CONCLUSIONS All-trans-retinoic acid and inhibition of the MAP/ERK signaling pathway may be protective in carbonyl stress induced brain endothelial damage.
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Li D, Ma S, Ellis EM. Nrf2-mediated adaptive response to methyl glyoxal in HepG2 cells involves the induction of AKR7A2. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 234:366-71. [PMID: 25451587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl glyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, causes a range of changes within the cell. It forms adducts with DNA and protein and contributes to the progression of several diseases as well as causing hepatic damage. In this study, we have used human hepatoma (HepG2) cells as a model to investigate the induction of protective enzymes in response to MG exposure. We have shown that treating HepG2 cells with sub-lethal concentrations of MG increases the level of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) mRNA by 4.5-fold, AKR1C3 mRNA by 14-fold and AKR7A2 mRNA by 4-fold. Levels of AKR7A2 protein are increased by 2.1- and 1.8-fold following 9h and 24h exposure of cells to 50 μM MG. The role of AKR7A2 in protecting HepG2 cells against MG toxicity was further investigated using specific siRNAs against AKR7A2 and Nrf2. Knockdown of AKR7A2 in HepG2 shows that AKR7A2 is responsible for up to 50% of the protection against MG toxicity in HepG2 cells. We have also shown that MG was able to induce the translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2 to the nucleus. HepG2 cells in which Nrf2 had been knocked down exhibited decreased NQO1 and AKR7A2 mRNA levels compared to control cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that protective enzymes are significantly up-regulated in response to low concentrations of MG in HepG2 cells and that AKR7A2 contributes to protection against MG-induced toxicity. Nrf2 is critical in mediating MG induced expression of protective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Shuren Ma
- Department of Endoscope, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Elizabeth M Ellis
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
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Bacchetti T, Masciangelo S, Armeni T, Bicchiega V, Ferretti G. Glycation of human high density lipoprotein by methylglyoxal: effect on HDL-paraoxonase activity. Metabolism 2014; 63:307-11. [PMID: 24360750 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive carbonyl compound formed primarily from triose phosphates, appears to be involved in the molecular mechanisms of diabetes, end-stage renal disease and neurodegenerative diseases. Methylglyoxal exerts several biological activities. Among these it promotes advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are crucial in pathogenesis of human disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that MG reacts with proteins and compositional modifications reflect loss of biological activity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of in vitro MG-induced glycation on human high density lipoprotein (HDL) and on the activity of the enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1). METHODS HDL was incubated in the absence or in the presence of MG (0.2mmol/L and 1.0mmol/L) (MG-HDL) for different times (3, 6, 24h) at 37° C. We evaluated apoprotein compositional changes, in both control and MG treated HDL, using intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan and monitoring the decrease of free amino groups. Furthermore we evaluated fluorescent advanced glycation end products (Ex=370nm, Em=440nm) and the activity of HDL-paraoxonase. RESULTS We demonstrated that human HDL is susceptible to glycation by MG (0.2mmol/L and 1mmol/L). The decrease of free amino groups and of intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan demonstrates HDL apoprotein modifications in HDL incubated with MG. The compositional changes are associated with a significant increase in fluorescent advanced glycation end products and with a significant decrease of paraoxonase-1 enzyme activity associated with the HDL surface. CONCLUSIONS HDL-associated paraoxonase is responsible for the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of HDL and detoxification against homocysteine-thiolactone. Therefore, modifications of apoprotein composition and the decrease of paraoxonase-1 activity in MG-treated HDL could affect the protective effect exerted by HDL against oxidative damage and could contribute to complications in patients affected by diseases associated with aging and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Masciangelo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Experimental Science and Odontostomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Virginia Bicchiega
- Italian Auxologic Institute (IRCCS), Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Experimental Science and Odontostomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Silva-Sanchez C, Chen S, Li J, Chourey PS. A comparative glycoproteome study of developing endosperm in the hexose-deficient miniature1 (mn1) seed mutant and its wild type Mn1 in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:63. [PMID: 24616729 PMCID: PMC3935489 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In maize developing seeds, transfer cells are prominently located at the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL). As the first filial cell layer, BETL is a gateway to sugars, nutrients and water from mother plant; and anchor of numerous functions such as sucrose turnover, auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis/accumulation, energy metabolism, defense response, and signaling between maternal and filial generations. Previous studies showed that basal developing endosperms of miniature1 (mn1) mutant seeds lacking the Mn1-encoded cell wall invertase II, are also deficient for hexose. Given the role of glucose as one of the key sugars in protein glycosylation and proper protein folding; we performed a comparative large scale glycoproteome profiling of total proteins of these two genotypes (mn1 mutant vs. Mn1 wild type) using 2D gel electrophoresis and glycosylation/total protein staining, followed by image analysis. Protein identification was done by LC-MS/MS. A total of 413 spots were detected; from which, 113 spots matched between the two genotypes. Of these, 45 showed >20% decrease/increase in glycosylation level and were selected for protein identification. A large number of identified proteins showed decreased glycosylation levels in mn1 developing endosperms as compared to the Mn1. Functional classification of proteins, showed mainly of post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperone activities, carbohydrate and amino acid biosynthesis/transport, and cell wall biosynthesis. These proteins and activities were related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) as a result of the low glycolsylation levels of the mutant proteins. Overall, these results provide for the first time a global glycoproteome profile of maize BETL-enriched basal endosperm to better understand their role in seed development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Silva-Sanchez
- Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, UF Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinxi Li
- Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Prem S. Chourey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary EntomologyGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Prem S. Chourey, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA e-mail:
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Currais A, Maher P. Functional consequences of age-dependent changes in glutathione status in the brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:813-22. [PMID: 23249101 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A decline in both cognitive and motor functions is one of the characteristics of aging. This results in changes in learning and memory, as well as deficits in balance and coordination that significantly impact the quality of life. Importantly, age is the greatest risk factor for a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Alterations in redox homeostasis, protein modification and processing, mitochondrial function, and the immune response have all been implicated in the decline of the aging brain. RECENT ADVANCES Brain glutathione (GSH) decreases with age in humans, and a loss of GSH can impact cognitive function. Decreases in GSH are also associated with microglial activation and endothelial dysfunction, both of which can contribute to impairments in brain function. Changes in redox homeostasis can also potentiate the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts, resulting in defects in protein processing and function as well as a further increase in inflammation. CRITICAL ISSUES We argue here that many of the changes in brain function associated with age are linked through GSH metabolism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further research focused on better understanding how age affects GSH homeostasis with a particular emphasis on the key transcription factors involved in GSH metabolism is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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