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Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Shi Y, Chen F, Leng Y. Recent insights into the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of intestinal ischaemia‒reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 701:149612. [PMID: 38316091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischaemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury is a surgical emergency. This condition is associated with a high mortality rate. At present, there are limited number of efficient therapeutic measures for this injury, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal I/R injury must be elucidated to develop a rapid and specific diagnostic and treatment protocol. Numerous studies have indicated the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the development of intestinal I/R injury. Specifically, the levels of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen are increased due to unfolded protein response. However, persistent ER stress promotes apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells through three signalling pathways in the ER, impairing intestinal mucosal barrier function and leading to the dysfunction of intestinal tissues and distant organ compartments. This review summarises the mechanisms of ER stress in intestinal I/R injury, diagnostic indicators, and related treatment strategies with the objective of providing novel insights into future therapies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Urban P, Rabajdová M, Feterik Š, Bódy G, Granda T, Mareková M, Veselá J. Evaluation of molecular changes of distal organs after small bowel transplantation. Physiol Res 2018; 67:591-599. [PMID: 29750876 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ischemia and reperfusion of a jejunal graft during transplantation triggers the stress of endoplasmic reticulum thus inducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Spreading of these signals stimulate immunological reactions in distal tissues, i.e. lung, liver and spleen. The aim of this study was to detect the molecular changes in liver and spleen induced by transplanted jejunal graft with one or six hours of reperfusion (group Tx1 and Tx6). Analysis of gene expression changes of inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-10) and specific chaperones (Gadd153, Grp78) derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was done and compared to control group. The qRT-PCR method was used for amplification of the specific genes. The levels of corresponding proteins were detected by Western blot with immunodetection. Protein TNF-alpha was in liver tissue significantly overexpressed in the experimental group Tx1 by 48 % (p<0.001). In the group Tx6 we found decreased levels of the same protein to the level of controls. However, the protein concentrations of TNF-alpha in spleen showed increased levels in group Tx1 by 31 % (p<0.001) but even higher levels in the group Tx6 by 115 % (p<0.001) in comparing to controls. Our data demonstrated that the spleen is more sensitive to post-transplantation inflammation than liver, with consequent stress of ER potentially inducing apoptosis and failure of basic functions of lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Urban
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Ardic S, Gumrukcu A, Gonenc Cekic O, Erdem M, Reis Kose GD, Demir S, Kose B, Yulug E, Mentese A, Turedi S. The value of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 37:596-602. [PMID: 29958740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78 and CHOP in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) and to examine relations with degrees of AMI-related intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. Group I and Group III represented the control groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after laparotomy without superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ligation. Group II and Group IV constituted the ischemia groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after SMA ligation. The ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were investigated in each group. Ileum specimens were assessed in terms of ischemic injury, and appropriate comparisons were performed. RESULTS Significantly higher GRP78, CHOP, TOS, and TAS values were determined in the ischemia groups (groups II and IV) compared to the control groups (groups I and III). This elevation was greater in the 6 h ischemia group, the group exposed to the greatest ischemic injury (Group IV). Significant and powerful correlation was present between histopathological damage and levels of the ER stress markers and oxidative markers. CONCLUSION According to our results, ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) increase significantly following ischemic injury. This elevation has the potential to be used diagnostically and also in prognostic terms due to the powerful correlation it exhibits with AMI-related ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senol Ardic
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Gumrukcu
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ozgen Gonenc Cekic
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Goksen Derya Reis Kose
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bestami Kose
- University of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Esin Yulug
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mentese
- Karadeniz Technical University, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Turedi
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Maretta M, Tóth Š, Jonecová Z, Veselá J. Impact of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on proliferative and inflammatory changes in jejunal mucosa after acute mesenteric ischemia. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:1385-9. [PMID: 25148743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to determinate the impact of dipeptide (alanyl-glutamine) administration on inflammatory and proliferative changes in jejunal mucosa after acute mesenteric ischemia. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=30) were divided into three groups: ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group which undergoes 60min of mesenteric ischemia and 1 or 24h of reperfusion (IR1, IR24, n=12). Groups with dipeptide administration (D+IR1, D+IR24, Dipeptiven con inf., i.v., 0.75 g/kg) prior to IR injury were followed by 1 and 24h of reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion period jejunal bioptic samples were obtained for histological (H&E), histochemical (Alcian blue) and immunohistochemical (anti-PCNA, anti-MPO) evaluations. RESULTS Our results pointed out a significant (p<0.001) increase of histopathological injury score in IR1 group compared to D+IR1 group. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed that MPO-positivity was significantly increased in IR groups after 1 (p<0.001) as well as 24h of reperfusion (p<0.01) compared to dipeptide pretreated groups. Proliferative/reparatory rate was assessed using anti-PCNA antibody and showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in PCNA cell positivity in lamina propria in dipeptide treated group compared to IR group. CONCLUSION In conclusion we may suggest that administration of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide prior to IR injury may help to protect small intestine and its mucous membrane integrity against insult such as intestinal ischemic/reperfusion injury presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Maretta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Štefan Tóth
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Jonecová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jarmila Veselá
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Li XJ, Hayward C, Fong PY, Dominguez M, Hunsucker SW, Lee LW, McLean M, Law S, Butler H, Schirm M, Gingras O, Lamontagne J, Allard R, Chelsky D, Price ND, Lam S, Massion PP, Pass H, Rom WN, Vachani A, Fang KC, Hood L, Kearney P. A blood-based proteomic classifier for the molecular characterization of pulmonary nodules. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:207ra142. [PMID: 24132637 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Each year, millions of pulmonary nodules are discovered by computed tomography and subsequently biopsied. Because most of these nodules are benign, many patients undergo unnecessary and costly invasive procedures. We present a 13-protein blood-based classifier that differentiates malignant and benign nodules with high confidence, thereby providing a diagnostic tool to avoid invasive biopsy on benign nodules. Using a systems biology strategy, we identified 371 protein candidates and developed a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay for each. The MRM assays were applied in a three-site discovery study (n = 143) on plasma samples from patients with benign and stage IA lung cancer matched for nodule size, age, gender, and clinical site, producing a 13-protein classifier. The classifier was validated on an independent set of plasma samples (n = 104), exhibiting a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90%. Validation performance on samples from a nondiscovery clinical site showed an NPV of 94%, indicating the general effectiveness of the classifier. A pathway analysis demonstrated that the classifier proteins are likely modulated by a few transcription regulators (NF2L2, AHR, MYC, and FOS) that are associated with lung cancer, lung inflammation, and oxidative stress networks. The classifier score was independent of patient nodule size, smoking history, and age, which are risk factors used for clinical management of pulmonary nodules. Thus, this molecular test provides a potential complementary tool to help physicians in lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jun Li
- Integrated Diagnostics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Lim SK, Choi H, Park MJ, Kim DI, Kim JC, Kim GY, Jeong SY, Rodionov RN, Han HJ, Yoon KC, Park SH. The ER stress-mediated decrease in DDAH1 expression is involved in formaldehyde-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:763-9. [PMID: 24140967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is toxic to the respiratory system, and nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction stimulates the onset of respiratory diseases. The involvement of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), the l-arginine analogue asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) degrading enzyme, in FA-induced cell death in lung epithelial cells has not been investigated. In this study, we assessed the effect of FA on DDAH expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in A549 cells. We also investigated the preventive effect of DDAH overexpression on ER stress and apoptosis in FA-induced cell death. FA decreased viability in A549 cells and decreased DDAH1 and DDAH2 mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner (>4h). This coincided with increased phosphorylation of the ER stress proteins IRE1α, PERK, and eIF-2α, as well as increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax, C/EPB homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3, but decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. ADMA treatment mimicked the effect of FA. Overexpression of DDAH1, but not DDAH2, prevented FA-induced decreases in cell viability, phosphorylation of IRE1α, PERK, and eIF2α, and expression of CHOP. Effects of DDAH1 overexpression, but not DDAH2 overexpression, restored FA-induced increases in Bax, CHOP, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3 and decreases in Bcl-2. In conclusion, FA induces apoptosis of lung epithelial cells via a decrease of DDAH1 through ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Lim
- Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Tóth Š, Jonecová Z, Varga J, Staško P, Kovalčinová B, Maretta M, Leško D, Veselá J. Immunohistochemical study of jejunal graft mucosa cell populations during the initial adaptation phase in the host body in rats. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:803-9. [PMID: 23628267 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The character of the changes in cell populations within the jejunal graft mucosa during the initial adaptation phase in the host body was investigated. 24 adult male Wistar rats underwent intestinal heterotopic allotransplantation. Aorto-aortal and porto-caval anastomoses were performed using the end-to-side microsurgery technique. Graft tissues were compared to the intestinal tissues of the recipients. This study demonstrates that: (1) Distinct injury to the graft mucosa 1h after transplantation was accompanied by significant reduction in numbers of epithelial secretory cell populations. The injury was more intense in the mesenteric portion. Six hours after transplantation the graft mucosa was covered by a continuous epithelium, but the number of goblet and Paneth cells was found to be less than 30% of that in the recipient epithelium. (2) In comparison with recipients, myeloperoxidase-positive cell numbers increased significantly in the graft mucosa 1 h after transplantation. In the epithelial layer, denudation and destruction of villi was associated with a significant reduction in intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers. A significant decrease in mucosal mast cell numbers was detected 6 h after transplantation. They attained only 10% of the number found in the recipients. (3) Time-dependent changes in the graft mucosa revealed that CD163-positive cells increased significantly in the graft mucosa during 6 h after transplantation and reached the level found in the recipients. In contrast, the myeloperoxidase-positive cell population significantly decreased in the graft mucosa within the initial 6 h.
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Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning protects hepatocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) through inhibiting ATF4-CHOP pathway in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65568. [PMID: 23750267 PMCID: PMC3672158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning-induced liver protection has been demonstrated during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in several organs but has not been sufficiently elucidated underlying causal mechanism. This study investigated the role of low-dose LPS preconditioning on ATF4-CHOP pathway as well as the effects of the pathway on tissue injury and inflammation in a mouse model of liver partial-warm IRI. Methods LPS (100 µg/kg/d) was injected intraperitoneally two days before ischemia. Hepatic injury was evaluated based on serum alanine aminotransferase levels, histopathology, and caspase-3 activity. The ATF4-CHOP pathway and its related apoptotic molecules were investigated after reperfusion. The role of LPS preconditioning on apoptosis and ATF4-CHOP pathway was examined in vitro. Moreover, the effects of the ATF4-CHOP pathway on apoptosis, Caspase-12, and Caspase-3 were determined with ATF4 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Inflammatory cytokine expression was also checked after reperfusion. Inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways were analyzed in vitro in macrophages treated by LPS preconditioning or ATF4 siRNA. Results LPS preconditioning significantly attenuated liver injury after IRI. As demonstrated by in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning significantly reduced the upregulation of the ATF4-CHOP pathway and inhibited Caspase-12 and Caspase-3 activation after IRI. Later experiments showed that ATF4 knockdown significantly suppressed CHOP, cleaved caspase-12 and caspase-3 expression, as well as inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis. In addition, in mice pretreated with LPS, TNF-α and IL-6 were inhibited after reperfusion, whereas IL-10 was upregulated. Similarly, low-dose LPS significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, ATF4-CHOP pathway, NF-κB pathway, and ERK1/2 in high-dose LPS-stimulated macrophages, whereas IL-10 and cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 suppressor were induced. Importantly, ATF4 siRNA is consistent with results of LPS preconditioning in macrophages. Conclusions This work is the first time to provide evidence for LPS preconditioning protects hepatocytes from IRI through inhibiting ATF4-CHOP pathway, which may be critical to reducing related apoptosis molecules and modulating innate inflammation.
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Maretta M, Tóth Š, Bujdoš M, Tóth Š, Jonecová Z, Veselá J. Alterations of epithelial layer after ischemic preconditioning of small intestine in rats. J Mol Histol 2012; 43:171-8. [PMID: 22350813 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury of the small intestine makes a serious complications associated with various surgical procedures and is related to changes in motility, secretory activity and structural alterations. Preconditioning can reduce range of this damage. The aim of the experimental study was to determine the influence of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on IR injury on jejunal epithelial layer. Wistar rats (n = 56) were divided in two experimental groups. IR group was subjected to 60 min ischemia of cranial mesenteric artery and followed by reperfusion periods: 1,4,8,24 h (IR1, IR4, IR8, IR24). Group with ischemic preconditioning (IPC+IR) was subjected to two subsequent ischemic attacks (12 min) with 10 min of reperfusion between them, and after 2nd attack ischemia was induced for 60 min followed by relevant reperfusion period. IPC showed the protective impact on the jejunal tissue architecture after 1 h reperfusion, when in IR1 group the highest and significant damage was observed (p < 0.001) in contrast to IPC+IR1 group. Histopathological damage of the intestine in pretreated groups was postponed to 4 h of reperfusion. Protective effect of IPC together with later accumulation of injury signs were confirmed by weaker impact on goblet cell (p < 0.001) and Paneth cell populations (p < 0.05).The increased cells proliferation in preconditioned groups came later, but stronger after 8 h of reperfusion (p < 0.001) and after 24 h of reperfusion still remained at the high activity level (p < 0.001). Our experimental results on the histopathological changes in the jejunum during ischemic preconditioning proved that IPC may have a positive effect on maintaining intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maretta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80, Košice, Slovakia.
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