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Udroiu I, Marinaccio J, Sgura A. Many Functions of Telomerase Components: Certainties, Doubts, and Inconsistencies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315189. [PMID: 36499514 PMCID: PMC9736166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have evidenced non-telomeric functions of "telomerase". Almost all of them, however, investigated the non-canonical effects of the catalytic subunit TERT, and not the telomerase ribonucleoprotein holoenzyme. These functions mainly comprise signal transduction, gene regulation and the increase of anti-oxidative systems. Although less studied, TERC (the RNA component of telomerase) has also been shown to be involved in gene regulation, as well as other functions. All this has led to the publication of many reviews on the subject, which, however, are often disseminating personal interpretations of experimental studies of other researchers as original proofs. Indeed, while some functions such as gene regulation seem ascertained, especially because mechanistic findings have been provided, other ones remain dubious and/or are contradicted by other direct or indirect evidence (e.g., telomerase activity at double-strand break site, RNA polymerase activity of TERT, translation of TERC, mitochondrion-processed TERC). In a critical study of the primary evidence so far obtained, we show those functions for which there is consensus, those showing contradictory results and those needing confirmation. The resulting picture, together with some usually neglected aspects, seems to indicate a link between TERT and TERC functions and cellular stemness and gives possible directions for future research.
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2
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Solano-Gálvez SG, Álvarez-Hernández DA, Gutiérrez-Kobeh L, Vázquez-López R. Leishmania: manipulation of signaling pathways to inhibit host cell apoptosis. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211014977. [PMID: 34104433 PMCID: PMC8165860 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of homeostasis in living systems requires the elimination of unwanted cells which is performed, among other mechanisms, by type I cell death or apoptosis. This type of programmed cell death involves several morphological changes such as cytoplasm shrinkage, chromatin condensation (pyknosis), nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and plasma membrane blebbing that culminate with the formation of apoptotic bodies. In addition to the maintenance of homeostasis, apoptosis also represents an important defense mechanism for cells against intracellular microorganisms. In counterpart, diverse intracellular pathogens have developed a wide array of strategies to evade apoptosis and persist inside cells. These strategies include the manipulation of signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of apoptosis where mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) play a key role. Leishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a wide spectrum of diseases known as leishmaniasis. This parasite displays different strategies, including apoptosis inhibition, to down-regulate host cell defense mechanisms in order to perpetuate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra-Georgina Solano-Gálvez
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego-Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, CICSA Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México, México
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Laila Gutiérrez-Kobeh
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucán Estado de México, Naucalpan, 52786, México
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3
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Sun L, Jiang L, Grant CN, Wang HG, Gragnoli C, Liu Z, Wu R. Computational Identification of Gene Networks as a Biomarker of Neuroblastoma Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082086. [PMID: 32731407 PMCID: PMC7465094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common cancer in children, affected by a number of genes that interact with each other through intricate but coordinated networks. Traditional approaches can only reconstruct a single regulatory network that is topologically not informative enough to explain the complexity of neuroblastoma risk. We implemented and modified an advanced model for recovering informative, omnidirectional, dynamic, and personalized networks (idopNetworks) from static gene expression data for neuroblastoma risk. We analyzed 3439 immune genes of neuroblastoma for 217 high-risk patients and 30 low-risk patients by which to reconstruct large patient-specific idopNetworks. By converting these networks into risk-specific representations, we found that the shift in patients from a low to high risk or from a high to low risk might be due to the reciprocal change of hub regulators. By altering the directions of regulation exerted by these hubs, it may be possible to reduce a high risk to a low risk. Results from a holistic, systems-oriented paradigm through idopNetworks can potentially enable oncologists to experimentally identify the biomarkers of neuroblastoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.S.); (L.J.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Libo Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.S.); (L.J.)
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Christa N. Grant
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17022, USA;
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi Diagnostic Health Center, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17022, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-717-531-0003 (Z.L.); +1-717-531-2037 (R.W.)
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-717-531-0003 (Z.L.); +1-717-531-2037 (R.W.)
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4
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Henry MN, MacDonald MA, Orellana CA, Gray PP, Gillard M, Baker K, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E, Mahler S, Martínez VS. Attenuating apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells for improved biopharmaceutical production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1187-1203. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Henry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Michael A. MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Camila A. Orellana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter P. Gray
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Patheon Biologics—A Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Verónica S. Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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5
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Genetic Instability and Chromatin Remodeling in Spermatids. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010040. [PMID: 30646585 PMCID: PMC6356297 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The near complete replacement of somatic chromatin in spermatids is, perhaps, the most striking nuclear event known to the eukaryotic domain. The process is far from being fully understood, but research has nevertheless unraveled its complexity as an expression of histone variants and post-translational modifications that must be finely orchestrated to promote the DNA topological change and compaction provided by the deposition of protamines. That this major transition may not be genetically inert came from early observations that transient DNA strand breaks were detected in situ at chromatin remodeling steps. The potential for genetic instability was later emphasized by our demonstration that a significant number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and then repaired in the haploid context of spermatids. The detection of DNA breaks by 3'OH end labeling in the whole population of spermatids suggests that a reversible enzymatic process is involved, which differs from canonical apoptosis. We have set the stage for a better characterization of the genetic impact of this transition by showing that post-meiotic DNA fragmentation is conserved from human to yeast, and by providing tools for the initial mapping of the genome-wide DSB distribution in the mouse model. Hence, the molecular mechanism of post-meiotic DSB formation and repair in spermatids may prove to be a significant component of the well-known male mutation bias. Based on our recent observations and a survey of the literature, we propose that the chromatin remodeling in spermatids offers a proper context for the induction of de novo polymorphism and structural variations that can be transmitted to the next generation.
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Solano-Gálvez SG, Abadi-Chiriti J, Gutiérrez-Velez L, Rodríguez-Puente E, Konstat-Korzenny E, Álvarez-Hernández DA, Franyuti-Kelly G, Gutiérrez-Kobeh L, Vázquez-López R. Apoptosis: Activation and Inhibition in Health and Disease. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E54. [PMID: 29973578 PMCID: PMC6163961 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many types of cell death, each involving multiple and complex molecular events. Cell death can occur accidentally when exposed to extreme physical, chemical, or mechanical conditions, or it can also be regulated, which involves a genetically coded complex machinery to carry out the process. Apoptosis is an example of the latter. Apoptotic cell death can be triggered through different intracellular signalling pathways that lead to morphological changes and eventually cell death. This is a normal and biological process carried out during maturation, remodelling, growth, and development in tissues. To maintain tissue homeostasis, regulatory, and inhibitory mechanisms must control apoptosis. Paradoxically, these same pathways are utilized during infection by distinct intracellular microorganisms to evade recognition by the immune system and therefore survive, reproduce and develop. In cancer, neoplastic cells inhibit apoptosis, thus allowing their survival and increasing their capability to invade different tissues and organs. The purpose of this work is to review the generalities of the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in apoptosis induction and inhibition. Additionally, we compile the current evidence of apoptosis modulation during cancer and Leishmania infection as a model of apoptosis regulation by an intracellular microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jack Abadi-Chiriti
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Velez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Puente
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
| | - Enrique Konstat-Korzenny
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
| | - Diego-Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
| | - Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly
- Medical IMPACT, Infectious Disease Department, Mexico City 53900, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Laila Gutiérrez-Kobeh
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
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7
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Senoptosis: non-lethal DNA cleavage as a route to deep senescence. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30656-30671. [PMID: 28427150 PMCID: PMC5458157 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damage-induced apoptosis and cellular senescence are perceived as two distinct cell fates. We found that after ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage the majority (up to 70 %) of senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) were subjected to controlled cleavage of DNA, resulting in the establishment of a viable and stable sub-G1 population, i.e. deeply senescent cells. We show that in senescent HDFs this DNA cleavage is triggered by modest loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which is not sufficient to activate caspases, but strong enough to release mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG). We demonstrate that upon γ-irradiation in HDFs EndoG translocates into the nucleus playing an essential role in the non-lethal cleavage of damaged DNA. Notably, the established sub-G1 cell population does not contribute to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), however, it exhibits increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. We show that EndoG knockdown causes an increase in DNA damage, indicating a role of this enzyme in DNA repair. Thus, we conclude that IR-induced deep senescence of HDFs exhibits features of both senescence, such as cell cycle arrest and viability, and apoptosis like reduced DNA content and no SASP, and, resembles uncomplete or stalled apoptosis, a phenomenon we term senoptosis.
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8
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Post-meiotic DNA double-strand breaks are conserved in fission yeast. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:24-28. [PMID: 29474927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, spermiogenesis is characterized by transient formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the whole population of haploid spermatids. DSB repair in such haploid context may represent a mutational transition. Using a combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and specific labelling of DSBs at 3'OH DNA ends, we showed that post-meiotic, enzyme-induced DSBs are also observed in the synchronizable pat1-114 mutant of Shizosaccharomyces pombe as well as in a wild-type strain, while DNA repair is observed at later stages. This transient DNA fragmentation arises in the whole cell population and is seemingly independent of the caspase apoptotic pathway. Because histones are still present in spores, the transient DSBs do not require a major change in chromatin structure. These observations confirm the highly-conserved nature of the process in eukaryotes and provide a powerful model to study the underlying mechanism and its impact on the genetic landscape and adaptation.
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Al-Zaidan L, El Ruz RA, Malki AM. Screening Novel Molecular Targets of Metformin in Breast Cancer by Proteomic Approach. Front Public Health 2017; 5:277. [PMID: 29085821 PMCID: PMC5650619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a commonly prescribed antihyperglycemic drug, and has been investigated in vivo and in vitro for its effect to improve the comorbidity of diabetes and various types of cancers. Several studies investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of metformin on cancer cells, but the exact mechanism of metformin’s effect on the proteomic pathways of cancer cells is yet to be further investigated. The main objective of our research line is to discover safe and alternative therapeutic options for breast cancer, we aimed in this study to design a novel “bottom up proteomics workflow” in which proteins were first broken into peptides to reveal their identity, then the proteomes were precisely evaluated using spectrometry analysis. In our study, metformin suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 with minimal toxicity to normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10. Metformin induced apoptosis by arresting cells in G1 phase as evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, The G1 phase arrest for the MCF-7 has been confirmed by increased expression levels of p21 and reduction in cyclin D1 level. Additionally, metformin increased the expression levels of p53, Bax, Bad while it reduced expression levels of Akt, Bcl-2, and Mdm2. The study employed a serviceable strategy that investigates metformin-dependent changes in the proteome using a literature-derived network. The protein extracts of the treated and untreated cell lines were analyzed employing proteomic approaches; the findings conveyed a proposed mechanism of the effectual tactics of metformin on breast cancer cells. Metformin proposed an antibreast cancer effect through the examination of the proteomic pathways upon the MCF-7 and MCF-10A exposure to the drug. Our findings proposed prolific proteomic changes that revealed the therapeutic mechanisms of metformin on breast cancer cells upon their exposure. In conclusion, the reported proteomic pathways lead to increase the understanding of breast cancer prognosis and permit future studies to examine the effect of metformin on the proteomic pathways against other types of cancers. Finally, it suggests the possibility to develop further therapeutic generations of metformin with increased anticancer effect through targeting specific proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Al-Zaidan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rasha Abu El Ruz
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed M Malki
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Patiño-Márquez IA, Alzate JF, Patiño-González E. Cristalización de la endonucleasa EndoG recombinante de <i>Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis</i>. ACTUALIDADES BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.acbi.329004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Antecedentes y objetivos: La endonucleasa G (EndoG) es una enzima que escinde específicamente en las posiciones dG y dC del ADN de cadena doble y se ha demostrado que participa en la degradación de la cromatina durante el proceso de apoptosis en Leishmania. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue la purificación y cristalización de EndoG como preámbulo para los estudios estructurales futuros que permitan entender detalladamente el funcionamiento de esta enzima. Materiales y métodos: La proteína EndoG fue purificada en condiciones desnaturalizantes usando cromatografía de Ni, luego fue renaturalizada in vitro y cristalizada por el método de difusión de vapor por gota colgante. Resultados y conclusión: La proteína EndoG de Leishmania (viannia) panamensis fue sobreexpresada, renaturalizada, purificada y demostró estar enzimáticamente activa. Aquí, se registra la primera cristalización exitosa de la proteína EndoG de este grupo de parásitos protozoarios. La proteína fue cristalizada por el método de difusión de vapor por gota colgante. Se obtuvieron cristales de alta calidad de EndoG que posiblemente nos permitirán determinar la estructura tridimensional de EndoG usando difracción de rayos-X.
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11
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Kathera C, Zhang J, Janardhan A, Sun H, Ali W, Zhou X, He L, Guo Z. Interacting partners of FEN1 and its role in the development of anticancer therapeutics. Oncotarget 2017; 8:27593-27602. [PMID: 28187440 PMCID: PMC5432360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) plays a key role in cellular communication, Protein-protein interaction connected with each other with hubs and nods involved in signaling pathways. These interactions used to develop network based biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer. FEN1(Flap endonuclease 1) is a central component in cellular metabolism, over expression and decrease of FEN1 levels may cause cancer, these regulation changes of Flap endonuclease 1reported in many cancer cells, to consider this data may needs to develop a network based biomarker. The current review focused on types of PPI, based on nature, detection methods and its role in cancer. Interacting partners of Flap endonuclease 1 role in DNA replication repair and development of anticancer therapeutics based on Protein-protein interaction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Avilala Janardhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wajid Ali
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- The Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Chen W, Yi L, Feng S, Liu X, Asim M, Zhou Y, Lan J, Jiang S, Tu J, Lin L. Transcriptomic profiles of striped snakehead fish cells (SSN-1) infected with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) with an emphasis on apoptosis pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:346-354. [PMID: 27914997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease, has caused mass mortality of cultured marine and freshwater fish worldwide, resulting in enormous economic losses in the aquaculture industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of NNV are still poorly understood. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of striped snakehead fish (Channa striatus) cells (SSN-1) infected with red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) were investigated using deep RNA sequencing technique. From 254,955,234 raw reads, a total of 253,338,544 clean reads were obtained and they were assembled into 93,372 unigenes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from RGNNV-infected or mock-infected SSN-1 cells, including 1184 up-regulated and 1456 down-regulated genes at 3 h (h) post of infection (poi), and 1138 up-regulated and 2073 down-regulated genes at 24 h poi, respectively. These DEGs were involved in many pathways related to viral pathogenesis, including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors pathway, apoptosis pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Subsequent analysis focusing on the apoptosis pathway showed that the expression of Endonuclease G (EndoG) was up-regulated upon RGNNV infection at both 3 and 24 h poi. Therefore, EndoG gene was cloned and its function was further characterized. The results showed that over-expression of EndoG could also induce cellular apoptosis in SSN-1 cells, indicating that RGNNV infection might induce apoptosis of SSN-1 cells via EndoG-associated mitochondrial pathway. These results will shed a new light on the pathogenesis of NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lizhu Yi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shuangshuang Feng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiangfeng Lan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sanjie Jiang
- St Edmund's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0BN, UK
| | - Jiagang Tu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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13
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Grunwald MS, Ligabue-Braun R, Souza CS, Heimfarth L, Verli H, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Putative model for heat shock protein 70 complexation with receptor of advanced glycation end products through fluorescence proximity assays and normal mode analyses. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:99-111. [PMID: 27858225 PMCID: PMC5225064 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is recognized by receptors on the plasma membrane, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, CD14, and CD40. This leads to activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of the phagocytic activity of innate immune cells, and stimulation of antigen-specific responses. However, the specific characteristics of HSP70 binding are still unknown, and all HSP70 receptors have not yet been described. Putative models for HSP70 complexation to the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGEs), considering both ADP- and ATP-bound states of HSP70, were obtained through molecular docking and interaction energy calculations. This interaction was detected and visualized by a proximity fluorescence-based assay in A549 cells and further analyzed by normal mode analyses of the docking complexes. The interacting energy of the complexes showed that the most favored docking situation occurs between HSP70 ATP-bound and RAGE in its monomeric state. The fluorescence proximity assay presented a higher number of detected spots in the HSP70 ATP treatment, corroborating with the computational result. Normal-mode analyses showed no conformational deformability in the interacting interface of the complexes. Results were compared with previous findings in which oxidized HSP70 was shown to be responsible for the differential modulation of macrophage activation, which could result from a signaling pathway triggered by RAGE binding. Our data provide important insights into the characteristics of HSP70 binding and receptor interactions, as well as putative models with conserved residues on the interface area, which could be useful for future site-directed mutagenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Sartori Grunwald
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Santos Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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14
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Misic V, El-Mogy M, Geng S, Haj-Ahmad Y. Effect of endonuclease G depletion on plasmid DNA uptake and levels of homologous recombination in hela cells. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Gawecka JE, Ribas-Maynou J, Benet J, Ward WS. A model for the control of DNA integrity by the sperm nuclear matrix. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:610-5. [PMID: 25926613 PMCID: PMC4492052 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.153853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly condensed chromatin of mammalian spermatozoa is usually considered to be biologically inert before fertilization. However, we have demonstrated that even in this compacted state, sperm chromatin is subject to degradation at open configurations associated with the nuclear matrix through a process we have termed sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF). This suggests that a mechanism exists to monitor the health of spermatozoa during transit through the male reproductive tract and to destroy the genome of defective sperm cells. The site of DNA damage in SCF, the matrix attachment sites, are the same that we hypothesize initiate DNA synthesis in the zygote. When sperm that have damaged DNA are injected into the oocyte, the newly created zygote responds by delaying DNA synthesis in the male pronucleus and, if the damage is severe enough, arresting the embryo's development. Here we present a model for paternal DNA regulation by the nuclear matrix that begins during sperm maturation and continues through early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W Steven Ward
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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16
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Glinka EM. Killing of cancer cells through the use of eukaryotic expression vectors harbouring genes encoding nucleases and ribonuclease inhibitor. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3147-57. [PMID: 25874497 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy vectors are promising tools for killing cancer cells with the purpose of eradicating malignant tumours entirely. Different delivery methods of vectors into the cancer cells, including both non-viral and viral, as well as promoters for the targeted expression of genes encoding anticancer proteins were developed for effective and selective killing of cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Many vectors have been created to kill cancer cells, and some vectors suppress malignant tumours with high efficiency. This review is focused on vectors bearing genes for nucleases such as deoxyribonucleases (caspase-activated DNase, deoxyribonuclease I-like 3, endonuclease G) and ribonucleases (human polynucleotide phosphorylase, ribonuclease L, α-sarcin, barnase), as well as vectors harbouring gene encoding ribonuclease inhibitor. The data concerning the functionality and the efficacy of such vectors are presented.
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17
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Wazir U, Orakzai MMAW, Khanzada ZS, Jiang WG, Sharma AK, Kasem A, Mokbel K. The role of death-associated protein 3 in apoptosis, anoikis and human cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:39. [PMID: 25883535 PMCID: PMC4399419 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Death-associated protein 3 (DAP3) is a molecule with a significant role in the control of both apoptosis and anoikis. Apoptosis is the predominant type of programmed cell death (PCD) which may occur in response to irreparable damage to DNA, or in response to induction by inflammatory cells. Anoikis is subset of apoptosis which occurs in epithelial cells in response to detachment from the surrounding matrix. Both apoptosis and anoikis are of interest in the context of carcinogenesis. In this review, we shall discuss apoptosis and anoikis, and the recent literature regarding the role of DAP3 in both these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Wazir
- />The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
- />Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Zubair S Khanzada
- />Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- />Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Anup K Sharma
- />Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Abdul Kasem
- />The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kefah Mokbel
- />The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
- />Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
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18
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Gole B, Baumann C, Mian E, Ireno CI, Wiesmüller L. Endonuclease G initiates DNA rearrangements at the MLL breakpoint cluster upon replication stress. Oncogene 2014; 34:3391-401. [PMID: 25132265 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia) rearrangements are frequent in therapy-related and childhood acute leukemia, and are associated with poor prognosis. The majority of the rearrangements fall within a 7.3-kb MLL breakpoint cluster region (MLLbcr), particularly in a 0.4-kb hotspot at the intron11-exon12 boundary. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, though multiple pathways including early apoptotic signaling, accompanied by high-order DNA fragmentation, have been implicated. We introduced the MLLbcr hotspot in an EGFP-based recombination reporter system and demonstrated enhancement of both spontaneous and genotoxic treatment-induced DNA recombination by the MLLbcr in various human cell types. We identified Endonuclease G (EndoG), an apoptotic nuclease, as an essential factor for MLLbcr-specific DNA recombination after induction of replication stress. We provide evidence for replication stress-induced nuclear accumulation of EndoG, DNA binding by EndoG as well as cleavage of the chromosomal MLLbcr locus in a manner requiring EndoG. We demonstrate additional dependency of MLLbcr breakage on ATM signaling to histone H2B monoubiquitinase RNF20, involved in chromatin relaxation. Altogether our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying MLLbcr destabilization in the cells of origin of leukemogenesis, with replication stress-activated, EndoG-mediated cleavage at the MLLbcr, which may serve resolution of the stalled forks via recombination repair, however, also permits MLL rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gole
- Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - C Baumann
- Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Mian
- Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - C I Ireno
- Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - L Wiesmüller
- Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Aleksandrushkina NI, Vanyushin BF. Endonucleases and apoptosis in animals. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1436-51. [PMID: 23379520 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endonucleases are the main instruments of obligatory DNA degradation in apoptosis. Many endonucleases have marked processive action; initially they split DNA in chromatin into very large domains, and then they perform in it internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA followed by its hydrolysis to small fragments (oligonucleotides). During apoptosis, DNA of chromatin is attacked by many nucleases that are different in activity, specificity, and order of action. The activity of every endonuclease is regulated in the cell through its own regulatory mechanism (metal ions and other effectors, possibly also S-adenosylmethionine). Apoptosis is impossible without endonucleases as far as it leads to accumulation of unnecessary (defective) DNA, disorders in cell differentiation, embryogenesis, the organism's development, and is accompanied by various severe diseases. The interpretation of the structure and functions of endonucleases and of the nature and action of their modulating effectors is important not only for elucidation of mechanisms of apoptosis, but also for regulation and control of programmed cell death, cell differentiation, and development of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Aleksandrushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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20
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Nedel F, Campos VF, Alves D, McBride AJA, Dellagostin OA, Collares T, Savegnago L, Seixas FK. Substituted diaryl diselenides: cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:345-52. [PMID: 22884807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects and study the underlying cell death mechanisms of diaryl diselenides, including: diphenyl diselenide (C(6)H(5)Se)(2); 4-chlorodiphenyl diselenide (4-ClC(6)H(4)Se)(2); 3-(trifluoromethyl)-diphenyl diselenide (3-CF(3)C(6)H(4)Se)(2) and 4-methoxydiphenyl diselenide (4-MeOC(6)H(4)Se)(2), on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. MAIN METHODS The viability of HT-29 cells after exposure to the diaryl diselenides and its substituted structures was based on the MTT assay. To verify if cell death was mediated throughout apoptosis mechanisms, flow cytometry and real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses were conducted. KEY FINDINGS The MTT assay and flow cytometry analyses showed that (3-CF(3)C(6)H(4)Se)(2) and (4-MeOC(6)H(4)Se)(2) induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis mechanisms in HT-29 cells. qPCR revealed there was an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic (Bax, casapase-9, caspase-8, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (EndoG)) and cell-cycle arrest genes (p53 and p21) and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and survivin) and Myc genes. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that (3-CF(3)C(6)H(4)Se)₂ and (4-MeOC(6)H(4)Se)(2) have the potential to induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells through the activation of caspase-dependent and independent pathways and through cell-cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Nedel
- Grupo de Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil
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