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Yao S, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Feng J. DNA damage checkpoint and repair: From the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6343-6354. [PMID: 34938410 PMCID: PMC8645783 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly challenged by internal or external genotoxic assaults, which may induce a high frequency of DNA lesions, leading to genome instability. Accumulation of damaged DNA is severe or even lethal to cells and can result in abnormal proliferation that can cause cancer in multicellular organisms, aging or cell death. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a comprehensive defence system termed the DNA damage response (DDR) to monitor and remove lesions in their DNA. The DDR has been extensively studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Emerging evidence indicates that DDR genes in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans show functional consistency with their orthologs in S. cerevisiae, but may act through distinct mechanisms. In particular, the DDR in C. albicans appears critical for resisting DNA damage stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from immune cells, and this plays a vital role in pathogenicity. Therefore, DDR genes could be considered as potential targets for clinical therapies. This review summarizes the identified DNA damage checkpoint and repair genes in C. albicans based on their orthologs in S. cerevisiae, and discusses their contribution to pathogenicity in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Yao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinrong Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Yang Y, Cheung HH, Zhang C, Wu J, Chan WY. Melatonin as Potential Targets for Delaying Ovarian Aging. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:16-28. [PMID: 30156157 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180828144843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, oxidative stress damage has been solely considered to be the mechanism of ovarian aging, and several antioxidants have been used to delay ovarian aging. But recently, more reports have found that endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, sirtuins, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomeres, gene mutation, premature ovarian failure, and polycystic ovary syndrome are all closely related to ovarian aging, and these factors all interact with oxidative stress. These novel insights on ovarian aging are summarized in this review. Furthermore, as a pleiotropic molecule, melatonin is an important antioxidant and used as drugs for several diseases treatment. Melatonin regulates not only oxidative stress, but also the various molecules, and normal and pathological processes interact with ovarian functions and aging. Hence, the mechanism of ovarian aging and the extensive role of melatonin in the ovarian aging process are described herein. This systematic review supply new insights into ovarian aging and the use of melatonin to delay its onset, further supply a novel drug of melatonin for ovarian aging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 75004, China
| | - Hoi-Hung Cheung
- Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shandong University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 75004, China.,Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shandong University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
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Targeting Candida spp. to develop antifungal agents. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:802-814. [PMID: 29353694 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a complex challenge throughout the world because of their high incidence, mainly in critically ill patients, and high mortality rates. The antifungal agents currently available are limited; thus, there is a need for the rapid development of new drugs. In silico methods are a modern strategy to explore interactions between new compounds and specific fungal targets, but they depend on precise genetic information. Here, we discuss the main Candida spp. target genes, including information about null mutants, virulence, cytolocalization, co-regulatory genes, and compounds that are related to protein expression. These data will provide a basis for the future in silico development of antifungal drugs.
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Arantes PT, Sanitá PV, Santezi C, Barbeiro CDO, Reina BD, Vergani CE, Dovigo LN. Reliability of the agar based method to assess the production of degradative enzymes in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2015; 54:266-74. [PMID: 26705836 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a reproducible protocol using the methodology of hyaline zones around the colonies on specific agar plates for phospholipase and proteinase production. This was an in vitro double-blind experiment, in which the dependent variables were the enzymatic activity measurements (Pz) for the production of phospholipase (Pz-ph) and the production of secreted aspartyl proteinases (Pz-sap). Three independent variables give rise to different measurement protocols. All measurements were carried out at two different moments by four examiners (E1, E2, E3, and E4). The minimum sample size was 30 Candida albicans clinical isolates. Specific agar plates for phospholipase and SAPs production were prepared according the literature. The intra-and inter-examiner reproducibility for each protocol was estimated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and its confidence interval (95% CI). Based on the results obtained for both phospholipase and SAPs, there appears to be no consensus on the protocol chosen for each particular examiner. Measuring the colonies in triplicate may be the main factor associated with the increase in measurement accuracy and should therefore take precedence over measuring only one colony. When only one examiner is responsible for taking measurements, a standard protocol should be put in place and the statistical calibration of this researcher should be done prior to data collection. However, if two or more researchers are involved in the assessment of agar plates, our results suggest that the protocols using software to undertake plate reading is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tamião Arantes
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santezi
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista. Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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