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Wang K, He Z, Jin G, Jin S, Du Y, Yuan S, Zhang J. Targeting DNA methyltransferases for cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107652. [PMID: 39024804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) play a crucial role in genomic DNA methylation. In mammals, DNMTs regulate the dynamic patterns of DNA methylation in embryonic and adult cells. Abnormal functions of DNMTs are often indicative of cancers, including overall hypomethylation and partial hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG), which accelerate the malignancy of tumors, worsen the condition of patients, and significantly exacerbate the difficulty of cancer treatment. Currently, nucleoside DNMT inhibitors such as Azacytidine and Decitabine have been approved by the FDA and EMA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Therefore, targeting DNMTs is a very promising anti-tumor strategy. This review mainly summarizes the therapeutic effects of DNMT inhibitors on cancers. It aims to provide more possibilities for the treatment of cancers by discovering more DNMT inhibitors with high activity, high selectivity, and good drug-like properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhangxu He
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Gang Jin
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Sasa Jin
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanbing Du
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China.
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Tang Q, Ojiro R, Ozawa S, Zou X, Nakahara J, Nakao T, Koyanagi M, Jin M, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. DNA methylation-altered genes in the rat hippocampal neurogenic niche after continuous exposure to amorphous curcumin. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102414. [PMID: 38490283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Rat offspring who are exposed to an amorphous formula of curcumin (CUR) from the embryonic stage have anti-anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced fear extinction learning, and increased synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). In the present study, we investigated the links between genes with altered methylation status in the neurogenic niche and enhanced neural functions after CUR exposure. We conducted methylation and RNA sequencing analyses of the DG of CUR-exposed rat offspring on day 77 after delivery. Methylation status and transcript levels of candidate genes were validated using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting and real-time reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. In the CUR group, we confirmed the hypermethylation and downregulation of Gpr150, Mmp23, Rprml, and Pcdh8 as well as the hypomethylation and upregulation of Ppm1j, Fam222a, and Opn3. Immunohistochemically, reprimo-like+ hilar cells and protocadherin-8+ granule cells were decreased and opsin-3+ hilar cells were increased by CUR exposure. Both reprimo-like and opsin-3 were partially expressed on subpopulations of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67+ γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneurons. Furthermore, the transcript levels of genes involved in protocadherin-8-mediated N-cadherin endocytosis were altered with CUR exposure; this was accompanied by Ctnnb1 and Syp upregulation and Mapk14, Map2k3, and Grip1 downregulation, suggesting that CUR-induced enhanced synaptic plasticity is associated with cell adhesion. Together, our results indicate that functionally different genes have altered methylation and expression in different neuronal populations of the hippocampal neurogenic niche, thus enhancing synaptic plasticity after CUR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junta Nakahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Emulsion Laboratory, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Mihoko Koyanagi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Farani MR, Sarlak M, Gholami A, Azaraian M, Binabaj MM, Kakavandi S, Tambuwala MM, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Ghasemi S. Epigenetic drugs as new emerging therapeutics: What is the scale's orientation of application and challenges? Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154688. [PMID: 37494800 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or function without altering the DNA sequence. Important factors are part of epigenetic events, such as methylation, DNA histone rearrangements, nucleosome transposition, and non-coding RNAs. Dysregulated epigenetic mechanics are associated with various cancers' initiation, development, and metastasis. It is known that the occurrence and development of cancer can be controlled by regulating unexpected epigenetic events. Epi-drugs are used singly or in combination with chemotherapy and enhance antitumor activity, reduce drug resistance, and stimulate the host immune response. Despite these benefits, epigenetic therapy as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs leads to adverse effects. This review article introduces and compares the advantages, disadvantages, and side effects of using these drugs for the first time since their introduction. Also, this article describes the mechanism of action of various epigenetic drugs. Recommendations for future use of epigenetic drugs as cancer therapeutics are suggested as an overall conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sarlak
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amir Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Azaraian
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, 0United Kingdom
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Kang D, Khan MA, Song P, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ai P, Li Z, Wang Z. Comparative analysis of the chrysanthemum transcriptome with DNA methylation inhibitors treatment and silencing MET1 lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36670371 PMCID: PMC9862865 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the ten most famous flowers in China, the chrysanthemum has rich germplasm with a variety of flowering induction pathways, most of which are photoperiod-induced. After treatment with DNA methylation inhibitors, it was found that DNA methylation plays an important role in flowering regulation, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, curcumin, 5-azaC, their mixed treatment, and MET1-RNAi lines were used for transcriptome sequencing to find out how different treatments affected gene expression in chrysanthemums at different stages of flowering. RESULTS Genomic DNA methylation levels were measured using HPLC technology. The methylation level of the whole genome in the vegetative growth stage was higher than that in the flowering stage. The methylation level of DNA in the vegetative growth stage was the lowest in the curcumin and mixed treatment, and the methylation level of DNA in the transgenic line, mixed treatment, and curcumin treatment was the lowest in the flowering stage. The flowering rate of mixed treatment and curcumin treatment was the lowest. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in transcriptomes showed that 5-azaC treatment had the most differentially expressed genes, followed by curcumin and transgenic lines, and mixed treatment had the fewest. In addition, 5-azaC treatment resulted in the differential expression of multiple DNA methylation transferases, which led to the differential expression of many genes. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in different treatments revealed that different treatments had gene specificity. However, the down-regulated GO pathway in all 4 treatments was involved in the negative regulation of the reproductive process, and post-embryonic development, and regulation of flower development. Several genes associated with DNA methylation and flowering regulation showed differential expression in response to various treatments. CONCLUSIONS Both DNA methylase reagent treatment and targeted silencing of the MET1 gene can cause differential expression of the genes. The operation of the exogenous application is simple, but the affected genes are exceedingly diverse and untargeted. Therefore, it is possible to construct populations with DNA methylation phenotypic diversity and to screen genes for DNA methylation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongru Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Muhammad Ayoub Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Pan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yvru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Penghui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhongai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University. Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
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Zhang Z, Wang G, Li Y, Lei D, Xiang J, Ouyang L, Wang Y, Yang J. Recent progress in DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072651. [PMID: 37077808 PMCID: PMC10107375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation mediated by DNA methyltransferase is an important epigenetic process that regulates gene expression in mammals, which plays a key role in silencing certain genes, such as tumor suppressor genes, in cancer, and it has become a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Similar to other epigenetic targets, DNA methyltransferase can also be modulated by chemical agents. Four agents have already been approved to treat hematological cancers. In order to promote the development of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor as an anti-tumor agent, in the current review, we discuss the relationship between DNA methylation and tumor, the anti-tumor mechanism, the research progress and pharmacological properties of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, and the future research trend of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Electron Microscopy Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Science and Technology Department, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Science and Technology Department, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Wang, ; Jinliang Yang,
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Wang, ; Jinliang Yang,
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Polyphenols as Potent Epigenetics Agents for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911712. [PMID: 36233012 PMCID: PMC9570183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases such as cancer can be caused by aberrant epigenetic regulation. Polyphenols play a major role in mammalian epigenome regulation through mechanisms and proteins that remodel chromatin. In fruits, seeds, and vegetables, as well as food supplements, polyphenols are found. Compounds such as these ones are powerful anticancer agents and antioxidants. Gallic acid, kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, among others, have potent anti-tumor effects by helping reverse epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The role dietary polyphenols plays in restoring epigenetic alterations in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications was summarized. We also discussed how these natural compounds modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in cancer. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer since they modulate epigenetic activity.
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. The role of polyphenols in overcoming cancer drug resistance: a comprehensive review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:1. [PMID: 34979906 PMCID: PMC8903685 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to treat advanced stages of cancer or following surgery. However, cancers often develop resistance against drugs, leading to failure of treatment and recurrence of the disease. Polyphenols are a family of organic compounds with more than 10,000 members which have a three-membered flavan ring system in common. These natural compounds are known for their beneficial properties, such as free radical scavenging, decreasing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammation. Herein, we discuss the role of polyphenols (mainly curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG]) in different aspects of cancer drug resistance. Increasing drug uptake by tumor cells, decreasing drug metabolism by enzymes (e.g. cytochromes and glutathione-S-transferases), and reducing drug efflux are some of the mechanisms by which polyphenols increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Polyphenols also affect other targets for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer cells, including cell death (i.e. autophagy and apoptosis), EMT, ROS, DNA repair processes, cancer stem cells, and epigenetics (e.g. miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Z-DNA as a Tool for Nuclease-Free DNA Methyltransferase Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111990. [PMID: 34769422 PMCID: PMC8585049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylcytosines in mammalian genomes are the main epigenetic molecular codes that switch off the repertoire of genes in cell-type and cell-stage dependent manners. DNA methyltransferases (DMT) are dedicated to managing the status of cytosine methylation. DNA methylation is not only critical in normal development, but it is also implicated in cancers, degeneration, and senescence. Thus, the chemicals to control DMT have been suggested as anticancer drugs by reprogramming the gene expression profile in malignant cells. Here, we report a new optical technique to characterize the activity of DMT and the effect of inhibitors, utilizing the methylation-sensitive B-Z transition of DNA without bisulfite conversion, methylation-sensing proteins, and polymerase chain reaction amplification. With the high sensitivity of single-molecule FRET, this method detects the event of DNA methylation in a single DNA molecule and circumvents the need for amplification steps, permitting direct interpretation. This method also responds to hemi-methylated DNA. Dispensing with methylation-sensitive nucleases, this method preserves the molecular integrity and methylation state of target molecules. Sparing methylation-sensing nucleases and antibodies helps to avoid errors introduced by the antibody’s incomplete specificity or variable activity of nucleases. With this new method, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of several natural bio-active compounds on DMT. All taken together, our method offers quantitative assays for DMT and DMT-related anticancer drugs.
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9
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Huang HY, Li J, Tang Y, Huang YX, Chen YG, Xie YY, Zhou ZY, Chen XY, Ding SY, Luo MF, Jin CN, Zhao LS, Xu JT, Zhou Y, Lin YCD, Hong HC, Zuo HL, Hu SY, Xu PY, Li X, Huang HD. MethHC 2.0: information repository of DNA methylation and gene expression in human cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D1268-D1275. [PMID: 33270889 PMCID: PMC7779066 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulator in gene expression and has several roles in cancer and disease progression. MethHC version 2.0 (MethHC 2.0) is an integrated and web-based resource focusing on the aberrant methylomes of human diseases, specifically cancer. This paper presents an updated implementation of MethHC 2.0 by incorporating additional DNA methylomes and transcriptomes from several public repositories, including 33 human cancers, over 50 118 microarray and RNA sequencing data from TCGA and GEO, and accumulating up to 3586 manually curated data from >7000 collected published literature with experimental evidence. MethHC 2.0 has also been equipped with enhanced data annotation functionality and a user-friendly web interface for data presentation, search, and visualization. Provided features include clinical-pathological data, mutation and copy number variation, multiplicity of information (gene regions, enhancer regions, and CGI regions), and circulating tumor DNA methylation profiles, available for research such as biomarker panel design, cancer comparison, diagnosis, prognosis, therapy study and identifying potential epigenetic biomarkers. MethHC 2.0 is now available at http://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/∼MethHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Yuan Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Yun Tang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Yi-Xian Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Yi-Gang Chen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Yue-Yang Xie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Zhe-Yuan Zhou
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Si-Yuan Ding
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Meng-Fan Luo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Chen-Nan Jin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Le-Shan Zhao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Jia-Tong Xu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Yang-Chi-Dung Lin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Hsiao-Chin Hong
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Hua-Li Zuo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Si-Yao Hu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Pei-Yi Xu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China
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Wan Mohd Tajuddin WNB, Lajis NH, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanistic Understanding of Curcumin's Therapeutic Effects in Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2989. [PMID: 31817718 PMCID: PMC6950067 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most common cancers with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, lung cancer prognoses and survival rates remain poor due to late diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse effects. Therefore, new intervention therapies, such as the use of natural compounds with decreased toxicities, have been considered in lung cancer therapy. Curcumin, a natural occurring polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been studied extensively in recent years for its therapeutic effects. It has been shown that curcumin demonstrates anti-cancer effects in lung cancer through various mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, induction of apoptosis, epigenetic alterations, and regulation of microRNA expression. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these mechanisms are modulated by multiple molecular targets such as STAT3, EGFR, FOXO3a, TGF-β, eIF2α, COX-2, Bcl-2, PI3KAkt/mTOR, ROS, Fas/FasL, Cdc42, E-cadherin, MMPs, and adiponectin. In addition, limitations, strategies to overcome curcumin bioavailability, and potential side effects as well as clinical trials were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Baitty Wan Mohd Tajuddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
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Hassan FU, Rehman MSU, Khan MS, Ali MA, Javed A, Nawaz A, Yang C. Curcumin as an Alternative Epigenetic Modulator: Mechanism of Action and Potential Effects. Front Genet 2019; 10:514. [PMID: 31214247 PMCID: PMC6557992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (a polyphenolic compound in turmeric) is famous for its potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties, and has a great potential to act as an epigenetic modulator. The epigenetic regulatory roles of curcumin include the inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), regulation of histone modifications via the regulation of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), regulation of microRNAs (miRNA), action as a DNA binding agent and interaction with transcription factors. These mechanisms are interconnected and play a vital role in tumor progression. The recent research has demonstrated the role of epigenetic inactivation of pivotal genes that regulate human pathologies such as cancers. Epigenetics helps to understand the mechanism of chemoprevention of cancer through different therapeutic agents. In this regard, dietary phytochemicals, such as curcumin, have emerged as a potential source to reverse epigenetic modifications and efficiently regulate the expression of genes and molecular targets that are involved in the promotion of tumorigenesis. The curcumin may also act as an epigenetic regulator in neurological disorders, inflammation, and diabetes. Moreover, curcumin can induce the modifications of histones (acetylation/deacetylation), which are among the most important epigenetic changes responsible for altered expression of genes leading to modulating the risks of cancers. Curcumin is an effective medicinal agent, as it regulates several important molecular signaling pathways that modulate survival, govern anti-oxidative properties like nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammation pathways, e.g., nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Curcumin is a potent proteasome inhibitor that increases p-53 level and induces apoptosis through caspase activation. Moreover, the disruption of 26S proteasome activity induced by curcumin through inhibiting DYRK2 in different cancerous cells resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation opens up a new horizon for using curcumin as a potential preventive and treatment approach in proteasome-linked cancers. This review presents a brief summary of knowledge about the mechanism of epigenetic changes induced by curcumin and the potential effects of curcumin such as anti-oxidant activity, enhancement of wound healing, modulation of angiogenesis and its interaction with inflammatory cytokines. The development of curcumin as a clinical molecule for successful chemo-prevention and alternate therapeutic approach needs further mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saif-Ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aroosa Javed
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Nawaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Kanade SR. Curcumin‐mediated demethylation of the proximal promoter CpG island enhances the KLF4 recruitment that leads to increased expression of p21Cip1 in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:809-820. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences Central University of Kerala Kasargod India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences Central University of Kerala Kasargod India
| | - Santosh R. Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences Central University of Kerala Kasargod India
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Christmann M, Kaina B. Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair genes and implications for tumor therapy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 780:15-28. [PMID: 31395346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair represents the first barrier against genotoxic stress causing metabolic changes, inflammation and cancer. Besides its role in preventing cancer, DNA repair needs also to be considered during cancer treatment with radiation and DNA damaging drugs as it impacts therapy outcome. The DNA repair capacity is mainly governed by the expression level of repair genes. Alterations in the expression of repair genes can occur due to mutations in their coding or promoter region, changes in the expression of transcription factors activating or repressing these genes, and/or epigenetic factors changing histone modifications and CpG promoter methylation or demethylation levels. In this review we provide an overview on the epigenetic regulation of DNA repair genes. We summarize the mechanisms underlying CpG methylation and demethylation, with de novo methyltransferases and DNA repair involved in gain and loss of CpG methylation, respectively. We discuss the role of components of the DNA damage response, p53, PARP-1 and GADD45a on the regulation of the DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase DNMT1, the key enzyme responsible for gene silencing. We stress the relevance of epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes for tumor formation and tumor therapy. A paradigmatic example is provided by the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which is silenced in up to 40% of various cancers through CpG promoter methylation. The CpG methylation status of the MGMT promoter strongly correlates with clinical outcome and, therefore, is used as prognostic marker during glioblastoma therapy. Mismatch repair genes are also subject of epigenetic silencing, which was shown to correlate with colorectal cancer formation. For many other repair genes shown to be epigenetically regulated the clinical outcome is not yet clear. We also address the question of whether genotoxic stress itself can lead to epigenetic alterations of genes encoding proteins involved in the defense against genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Christmann
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Parashar G, Parashar NC, Capalash N. – (-) Menthol Induces Reversal of Promoter Hypermethylation and Associated Up-Regulation of the FANCF Gene in the SiHa Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1365-1370. [PMID: 28612587 PMCID: PMC5555548 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify natural bioactive molecules with potential to inhibit DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and cause reactivation of genes silenced due to promoter hypermethylation. Methods and Results: -(-) Menthol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (reference molecule) were investigated using an in vitro methylation assay, which indicated potential of -(-) menthol as an epigenetic modulator with the ability to directly inhibit M.SssI (an analogue of DNMT1) activity at 100µM. Methylation specific PCR and bisulphite sequencing revealed complete hypomethylation of 15 CpG sites in the Fanconi anemia, complementation group F (FANCF) gene between +280 and + 432 nucleotides relative to the transcription start site, which resulted in significant (P<0.001) up-regulation of FANCF gene expression by 2.1 and 2.5 fold respectively after treatment with menthol (80µM) and EGCG (80µM) for 4 days in the SiHa cell line as analyzed by qRT PCR. Conclusion: The present work highlighted the potential of -(-) menthol, a naturally occurring cyclic monoterpene, as an epigenetic modulator causing promoter hypomethylation induced reactivation of the FANCF gene mediated by possible inhibition of DNMT1 activity in the SiHa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Dikmen M. Comparison of the Effects of Curcumin and RG108 on NGF-Induced PC-12 Adh Cell Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth. J Med Food 2017; 20:376-384. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriş Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Pharmacy Faculty, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Pharmacy Faculty, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Park JH, Kim SH, Lee MS, Kim MS. Epigenetic modification by dietary factors: Implications in metabolic syndrome. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 54:58-70. [PMID: 28216432 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary factors play a role in normal biological processes and are involved in the regulation of pathological progression over a lifetime. Evidence has emerged indicating that dietary factor-dependent epigenetic modifications can significantly affect genome stability and the expression of mRNA and proteins, which are involved in metabolic dysfunction. Since metabolic syndrome is a progressive phenotype characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes, gene-diet interactions are important processes involved in the initiation of particular symptoms of metabolic syndrome and their progression. Some epigenetic risk markers can be initiated or reversed by diet and environmental factors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between dietary factors and epigenetic changes in metabolic syndrome. We discuss the contribution of nutritional factors in transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic markers and summarize the current knowledge of epigenetic modifications by dietary bioactive components in metabolic diseases. The intake of dietary components that regulate epigenetic modifications can provide significant health effects and, as an epigenetic diet, may prevent various pathological processes in the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Park
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Kim
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea.
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:66-82. [PMID: 27852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) retains a leadership as a major cause of human death worldwide. Although a substantial progress was attained in the development of cardioprotective and vasculoprotective drugs, a search for new efficient therapeutic strategies and promising targets is under way. Modulation of epigenetic CVD mechanisms through administration epigenetically active agents is one of such new approaches. Epigenetic mechanisms involve heritable changes in gene expression that are not linked to the alteration of DNA sequence. Pathogenesis of CVDs is associated with global genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetically active compounds that influence activity of epigenetic modulators such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), etc. may correct these pathogenic changes in the epigenome and therefore be used for CVD therapy. To date, many epigenetically active natural substances (such as polyphenols and flavonoids) and synthetic compounds such as DNMT inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors are known. Both native and chemical DNMT and HDAC inhibitors possess a wide range of cytoprotective activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-anfibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties, which are beneficial of treatment of a variety of CVDs. However, so far, only synthetic DNMT inhibitors enter clinical trials while synthetic HDAC inhibitors are still under evaluation in preclinical studies. In this review, we consider epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in cardiovascular pathology and the epigenetics-based therapeutic approaches focused on the implementation of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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Huang Z, Huang Q, Ji L, Wang Y, Qi X, Liu L, Liu Z, Lu L. Epigenetic regulation of active Chinese herbal components for cancer prevention and treatment: A follow-up review. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:1-12. [PMID: 27697644 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and other patterns. These processes are associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Thus, epigenetic modification-related enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), histone demethylases (HDMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs), as well as some related proteins, including methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) and DNMT1-associated protein (DMAP 1), are considered as potential targets for cancer prevention and therapy. Numerous natural compounds, mainly derived from Chinese herbs and chemically ranging from polyphenols and flavonoids to mineral salts, inhibit the growth and development of various cancers by targeting multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms by which active compounds from Chinese herbs exert their anti-cancer effect. A subset of these compounds, such as curcumin and resveratrol, affect multiple epigenetic processes, including DNMT inhibition, HDAC inactivation, MBP suppression, HAT activation, and microRNA modulation. Other compounds also regulate epigenetic modification processes, but the underlying mechanisms and clear targets remain unknown. Accordingly, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Huang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qiuju Huang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liyan Ji
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
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Srivastava S, Misra A, Kumar D, Srivastava A, Sood A, Rawat AKS. Reversed-phase high-performance Liquid Chromatography-ultraviolet Photodiode Array Detector Validated Simultaneous Quantification of six Bioactive Phenolic Acids in Roscoea purpurea Tubers and their In vitro Cytotoxic Potential against Various Cell Lines. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S488-95. [PMID: 26929586 PMCID: PMC4745222 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roscoea purpurea or Roscoea procera Wall. (Zingiberaceae) is traditionally used for nutrition and in the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVE Simultaneous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (RP-HPLC) photodiode array detector identification of phenolic acids (PA's) was carried out in whole extract of tuber and their cytotoxic potential was estimated along with radical scavenging action. Bioactivity guided fractionation was also done to check the response potential against the same assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification and method validation was performed on RP-HPLC column and in vitro assays were used for bioactivity. RESULTS Protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol were quantified as 0.774%, 0.064%, 0.265%, 1.125%, 0.128%, and 0.528%, respectively. Validated method for simultaneous determination of PA's was found to be accurate, reproducible, and linearity was observed between peak area response and concentration. Recovery of identified PA's was within the acceptable limit of 97.40-104.05%. Significant pharmacological response was observed in whole extract against in vitro cytotoxic assay, that is, Sulforhodamine B assay, however, fractionation results in decreased action potential. Similar pattern of results were observed in the antioxidant assay, as total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were highest in whole extract and decreases with fractionation. Radical scavenging activity was prominent in chloroform fraction, exhibiting IC50 at 0.25 mg/mL. CONCLUSION Study, thus, reveals that R. purpurea exhibit significant efficacy in cytotoxic activity with the potentiality of scavenging free radicals due the presence of PA's as reported through RP-HPLC. SUMMARY Proto-catechuic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, apigenin and kaempferol were quantified as 0.774, 0.064, 0.265, 1.125, 0.128 and 0.528 %Preliminary cytotoxic activity revealed that whole extract of R. purpurea exhibit promising effect and after fractionation the potentiation of action reducesThe radical scavenging potential of whole extract and fractions are well reflected by TPC, TFC and DPPH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmesh Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Sood
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - AKS Rawat
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang N. Epigenetic modulation of DNA methylation by nutrition and its mechanisms in animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:144-151. [PMID: 29767106 PMCID: PMC5945948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that phenotype of animals may be modified by the nutritional modulations through epigenetic mechanisms. As a key and central component of epigenetic network, DNA methylation is labile in response to nutritional influences. Alterations in DNA methylation profiles can lead to changes in gene expression, resulting in diverse phenotypes with the potential for decreased growth and health. Here, I reviewed the biological process of DNA methylation that results in the addition of methyl groups to DNA; the possible ways including methyl donors, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and other cofactors, the critical periods including prenatal, postnatal and dietary transition periods, and tissue specific of epigenetic modulation of DNA methylation by nutrition and its mechanisms in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifeng Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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Kumar D, Sukapaka M, Babu GDK, Padwad Y. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Essential Oils from Leaves and Flowers of Callistemon citrinus from Western Himalayas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133823. [PMID: 26308916 PMCID: PMC4550473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-based traditional system of medicine continues to play an important role in healthcare. In order to find new potent source of bioactive molecules, we studied the cytotoxic activity of the essential oils from the flowers and leaves of Callistemon citrinus. This is the first report on anticancer potential of essential oils of C. citrinus. Methods Cytotoxicity of essential oil was evaluated using sulfo-rhodamine B (SRB) assay against human lung carcinoma (A549), rat glioma (C-6), human colon cancer (Colo-205) and human cervical cancer (SiHa) cells. Apoptosis induction was evaluated by caspase-3/7 activity which was further confirmed by western blotting. Percentage cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V based dead cell assay followed by DNA content as cell cycle analysis against A549 and C-6 cells. While 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to check the toxicity against normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the immunomodulatory activity on mouse splenocytes was evaluated using SRB assay. Results The GC and GC-MS analysis of these essential oils revealed high content of α-pinene (32.3%), limonene (13.1%) and α-terpineol (14.6%) in leaf sample, whereas the flower oil was dominated by 1,8-cineole (36.6%) followed by α-pinene (29.7%). The leaf oil contained higher amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons (52.1%) and sesquiterpenoids (14%) as compared to flower oil (44.6% and 1.2%, respectively). However, the flower oil was predominant in oxygenated monoterpenes (43.5%). Although both leaf and flower oils showed highest cytotoxicity on A549 cells (61.4%±5.0 and 66.7%±2.2, respectively), only 100 μg/mL flower oil was significantly active against C-6 cells (69.1%±3.1). Interestingly, no toxicity was recorded on normal cells. Conclusion Higher concentration of 1,8-cineole and/or synergistic effect of the overall composition were probably responsible for the efficacy of flower and leaf oils against the tested cells. These oils may form potential source of natural anti-cancer compounds and play important role in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmesh Kumar
- Regulatory Research Center, Biotechnology Division, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mahesh Sukapaka
- Regulatory Research Center, Biotechnology Division, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - G. D. Kiran Babu
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Regulatory Research Center, Biotechnology Division, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Di Zanni E, Fornasari D, Ravazzolo R, Ceccherini I, Bachetti T. Identification of novel pathways and molecules able to down-regulate PHOX2B gene expression by in vitro drug screening approaches in neuroblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:43-57. [PMID: 25882494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PHOX2B is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of neurogenesis and in the correct differentiation of the autonomic nervous system. The pathogenetic role of PHOX2B in neuroblastoma (NB) is supported by mutations in familial, sporadic and syndromic cases of NB and overexpression of PHOX2B and its target ALK in tumor samples and NB cell lines. Starting from these observations, we have performed in vitro drug screening approaches targeting PHOX2B overexpression as a potential pharmacological means in NB. In particular, in order to identify molecules able to decrease PHOX2B expression, we have evaluated the effects of 70 compounds in IMR-32 cell line stably expressing the luciferase gene under the control of the PHOX2B promoter. Curcumin, SAHA and trichostatin A showed to down-regulate the PHOX2B promoter activity which resulted in a decrease of both protein and mRNA expressions. In addition, we have observed that curcumin acts by interfering with PBX-1/MEIS-1, NF-κB and AP-1 complexes, in this work demonstrated for the first time to regulate the transcription of the PHOX2B gene. Finally, combined drug treatments showed successful effects in down-regulating the expression of both PHOX2B and its target ALK genes, thus supporting the notion of the effectiveness of molecule combination in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano e CNR-Istituto di Neuroscienze, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Italy; Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
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Jiang A, Wang X, Shan X, Li Y, Wang P, Jiang P, Feng Q. Curcumin Reactivates Silenced Tumor Suppressor Gene RARβ by Reducing DNA Methylation. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1237-45. [PMID: 25981383 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of tumor suppressor genes by nontoxic bioactive food component represents a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ), one member of the RAR receptor family, is considered as a tumor suppressor. Reduced expression of RARβ has been reported in lung cancer and other solid tumors. DNA hypermethylation of the promoter region of RARβ is a major mechanism for its silencing in tumors. Recently, curcumin has been considered as a potential DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Herein, we demonstrated that curcumin significantly elevate RARβ expression at the mRNA and protein levels in tested cancer cells. Additionally, curcumin decreased RARβ promoter methylation in lung cancer A549 and H460 cells. Mechanistic study demonstrated that curcumin was able to downregulate the mRNA levels of DNMT3b. In a lung cancer xenograft node mice model, curcumin exhibited protective effect against weight loss because of tumor burden. Tumor growth was strongly repressed by curcumin treatment. As the results from in vitro, RARβ mRNA were increased and DNMT3b mRNA were decreased by curcumin treatment compared with the mice in control group. Altogether, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism of curcumin as a chemo-preventive agent for lung cancer through reactivation of RARβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apei Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Pengqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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Parashar G, Capalash N. Promoter methylation-independent reactivation of PAX1 by curcumin and resveratrol is mediated by UHRF1. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:471-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Malignancies of the genitourinary system have some of the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. For example prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and ovarian cancer mortality and incidence are near equal. In addition to genetic changes modulation of the epigenome is critical to cancer development and progression. In this regard epigenetic changes in DNA methylation state and DNA hypermethylation in particular has garnered a great deal of attention. While hypomethylation occurs mostly in repeated sequence such as tandem and interspersed repeats and segment duplications, hypermethylation is associated with CpG islands. Hypomethylation leads to activation of cancer-causing genes with global DNA hypomethylation being commonly associated with metastatic disease. Hypermethylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressive genes is commonly associated with cancer development. Bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids present in fruits, vegetables, beverages etc. have the ability to modulate DNA methylation status and are therefore very valuable agents for cancer prevention. In this review we discuss several commonly methylated genes and flavonoids used to modulate DNA methylation in the prevention of genitourinary cancers.
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26
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Hassan HE, Carlson S, Abdallah I, Buttolph T, Glass KC, Fandy TE. Curcumin and dimethoxycurcumin induced epigenetic changes in leukemia cells. Pharm Res 2015; 32:863-75. [PMID: 25186441 PMCID: PMC11173366 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin is an ideal chemopreventive and antitumor agent characterized by poor bioavailability and low stability. The development of synthetic structural analogues like dimethoxycurcumin (DMC) could overcome these drawbacks. In this study we compared the cytotoxicity, metabolism and the epigenetic changes induced by both drugs in leukemia cells. METHODS Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression analysis. DNA methylation was analyzed by DNA pyrosequencing. The metabolic stability was determined using human pooled liver microsomes. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation was used to quantify histone methylation. RESULTS Clinically relevant concentration of curcumin and DMC were not cytotoxic to leukemia cells and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. DMC was more metabolically stable than curcumin. Curcumin and DMC were devoid of DNA hypomethylating activity. DMC induced the expression of promoter methylated genes without reversing DNA methylation and increased H3K36me3 mark near the promoter region of hypermethylated genes. CONCLUSION DMC is a more stable analogue of curcumin that can induce epigenetic changes not induced by curcumin. DMC induced the expression of promoter methylated genes. The combination of DMC with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors could harness their combined induced epigenetic changes for optimal re-expression of epigenetically silenced genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem E. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Samuel Carlson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus), Colchester, VT
| | - Inas Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomm Buttolph
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Karen C. Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus), Colchester, VT
| | - Tamer E. Fandy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus), Colchester, VT
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27
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Boyanapalli SSS, Kong ANT. "Curcumin, the King of Spices": Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Prevention of Cancer, Neurological, and Inflammatory Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:129-139. [PMID: 26457241 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenolic compound, is a component of Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric. It is a well-known anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-lipidemic agent and has recently been shown to modulate several diseases via epigenetic regulation. Many recent studies have demonstrated the role of epigenetic inactivation of pivotal genes that regulate human pathologies, such as neurocognitive disorders, inflammation, obesity, and cancers. Epigenetic changes involve changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, or altered microRNA expression patterns which are known to be interconnected and play a key role in tumor progression and failure of conventional chemotherapy. The majority of epigenetic changes are influenced by lifestyle and diets. In this regard, dietary phytochemicals as dietary supplements have emerged as a promising source that are able to reverse these epigenetic alterations, to actively regulate gene expression and molecular targets that are known to promote tumorigenesis, and also to prevent age-related diseases through epigenetic modifications. There have been several studies which reported the role of curcumin as an epigenetic regulator in neurological disorders, inflammation, and in diabetes apart from cancers. The epigenetic regulatory roles of curcumin include (1) inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which has been well defined from the recent studies on its function as a DNA hypomethylating agent; (2) regulation of histone modifications via regulation of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs); and (3) regulation of micro RNAs (miRNA). This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of curcumin in the treatment and/or prevention of inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers by regulating histone deacetylases, histone acetyltransferases, and DNA methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarandeep S S Boyanapalli
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng. Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Smith AJ, Oertle J, Prato D. Multiple Actions of Curcumin Including Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Enhancement via Cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.63029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Teiten MH, Dicato M, Diederich M. Curcumin as a regulator of epigenetic events. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1619-29. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Teiten
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer; Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer; Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Chen CQ, Yu K, Yan QX, Xing CY, Chen Y, Yan Z, Shi YF, Zhao KW, Gao SM. Pure curcumin increases the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in myeloproliferative neoplasms through suppressing class Ι histone deacetylases. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1442-9. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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31
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Kim M, Bae M, Na H, Yang M. Environmental toxicants--induced epigenetic alterations and their reversers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2012; 30:323-367. [PMID: 23167630 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2012.731959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics has been emphasized in the postgenome era to clarify obscure health risks of environmental toxicants including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition, mixed exposure in real life can modify health consequences of the toxicants. Particularly, some nutritional and dietary materials modify individual susceptibility through changes in the epigenome. Therefore, we focused on some environmental toxicants that induce epigenetic alterations, and introduced chemopreventive materials to reverse the toxicants-induced epigenetic alterations. Methodologically, we used global and specific DNA methylation as epigenetic end points and searched epigenetic modulators in food. We reviewed various epigenetic end points induced by environmental toxicants including alcohol, asbestos, nanomaterials, benzene, EDCs, metals, and ionizing radiation. The epigenetic end points can be summarized into global hypomethylation and specific hypermethylation at diverse tumor suppress genes. Exposure timing, dose, sex, or organ specificity should be considered to use the epigenetic end points as biomarkers for exposure to the epimutagenic toxicants. Particularly, neonatal exposure to the epimutagens can influence their future adult health because of characteristics of the epimutagens, which disrupt epigenetic regulation in imprinting, organogenesis, development, etc. Considering interaction between epimutagenic toxicants and their reversers in food, we suggest that multiple exposures to them can alleviate or mask epigenetic toxicity in real life. Our present review provides useful information to find new end points of environmental toxicants and to prevention from environment-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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