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Yu Q, Chen S, Tang H, Zhang X, Tao R, Yan Z, Shi J, Guo W, Zhang S. Veratric acid alleviates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108294. [PMID: 34749250 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress following liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is an important pathological mechanism responsible for liver injury. Veratric acid (VA) is a phenolic benzoic acid that has been reported to have antioxidant properties. However, whether VA has protective effects against liver I/R injury remains unclear. In the present study, a mouse liver I/R injury model was established. VA was administered intragastrically for one week before liver I/R. Biochemical indicators, histological analysis, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and pathway proteins were tested to evaluate the protective effects of VA on liver I/R injury. Furthermore, a mouse AML12 hepatocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was used to explore the underlying mechanism. VA alleviated liver I/R injury, as manifested by decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, liver necrotic area, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis. VA pretreatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1). In addition, VA pretreatment increased AML12 cell activity and decreased oxidative stress; it also decreased the apoptosis induced by H/R. Moreover, the protective effect of VA on hepatocytes was related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and to increases in the Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 protein expression. The inhibition of Nrf2 with ML385 offseted VA-mediated protection in AML12 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that VA protects the liver from oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by liver I/R injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sanyang Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruolin Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Enzymatic Synthesis of O-Methylated Phenophospholipids by Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis of Egg-Yolk Phosphatidylcholine with Anisic and Veratric Acids. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis reactions of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) with anisic (ANISA) and veratric (VERA) acids were investigated to develop a biotechnological method for the production of corresponding biologically active O-methylated phenophospholipids. Screening experiments with four commercially available immobilized lipases indicated that the most effective biocatalyst for the incorporation of ANISA into phospholipids was Novozym 435. None of the tested enzymes were able to catalyze the synthesis of PC structured with VERA. The effects of different solvents, substrate molar ratios, temperature, enzyme loading, and time of the reaction on the process of incorporation of ANISA into the phospholipids were evaluated in the next step of the study. The mixture of toluene/chloroform in the ratio 9:1 (v/v) significantly increased the incorporation of ANISA into PC. The acidolysis reaction was carried out using the selected binary solvent system, 1/15 substrate molar ratio PC/ANISA, 30% (w/w) enzyme load, and temperature of 50 °C afforded after 72 h anisoylated lysophosphatidylcholine (ANISA-LPC) and anisoylated phosphatidylcholine (ANISA-PC) in isolated yields of 28.5% and 2.5% (w/w), respectively. This is the first study reporting the production of ANISA-LPC and ANISA-PC via a one-step enzymatic method, which is an environmentally friendly alternative to the chemical synthesis of these biologically active compounds.
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Andreadou I, Schulz R, Badimon L, Adameová A, Kleinbongard P, Lecour S, Nikolaou PE, Falcão-Pires I, Vilahur G, Woudberg N, Heusch G, Ferdinandy P. Hyperlipidaemia and cardioprotection: Animal models for translational studies. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5287-5311. [PMID: 31769007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and therefore, many animal model have been developed to mimic the human abnormal elevation of blood lipid levels. In parallel, extensive research for the alleviation of ischaemia/reperfusion injury has revealed that hyperlipidaemia is a major co-morbidity that attenuates the cardioprotective effect of conditioning strategies (preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning) and that of pharmacological interventions by interfering with cardioprotective signalling pathways. In the present review article, we summarize the existing data on animal models of hypercholesterolaemia (total, low density and HDL abnormalities) and hypertriglyceridaemia used in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We also provide recommendations on preclinical animal models to be used for translations of the cardioprotective strategies into clinical practice. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Han L, Yang Q, Ma W, Li J, Qu L, Wang M. Protocatechuic Acid Ameliorated Palmitic-Acid-Induced Oxidative Damage in Endothelial Cells through Activating Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes via an Adenosine-Monophosphate-Activated-Protein-Kinase-Dependent Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10400-10409. [PMID: 30220205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), the main metabolite of anthocyanins, is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and has been reported to possess a strong antioxidant activity. Herein, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of PCA against high palmitic-acid (PA)-induced oxidative damage and the underling molecular mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PCA reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 1, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Metabolomic analysis showed that PCA affected numerous metabolites, especially some of which were related with energy metabolism. PCA also upregulated the phosphorylation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at Thr172 through activating liver kinase B1 and then promoted the expression of p-Nrf2 and HO-1. Moreover, PCA reversed the decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and significantly increased the mitochondrial density. Collectively, these results demonstrated that PCA attenuated PA-induced oxidative damage in HUVECs via an AMPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Biology and Food Engineering , Chongqing Three Gorges University , Chongqing 404100 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Liuzhu Qu
- The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Biology and Food Engineering , Chongqing Three Gorges University , Chongqing 404100 , People's Republic of China
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5
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Czarnecka M, Świtalska M, Wietrzyk J, Maciejewska G, Gliszczyńska A. Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Evaluation of Novel Phosphatidylcholines with Anisic and Veratric Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082022. [PMID: 30104549 PMCID: PMC6222722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids and its methoxy derivatives are known to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis activity and exhibit cytotoxic effect towards various cancer cell lines. However, their low stability and poor bioavailability in the human organism extensively restrict the utility of this group of compounds as anticancer and health-promoting agents. In this report, a series of eight novel phosphatidylcholines (3a-b, 5a-b, 7a-b, 8a-b) containing anisic or veratric acids (1a-b) at sn-1 and/or sn-2 positions were synthesized. The phenoylated phospholipids were obtained in good yields 28–66%. The structures of novel compounds were determined by their spectroscopic data. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity towards six cancer cell lines and normal cell line Balb/3T3. Lipophilization of phenolcarboxylic acids significantly increased their anticancer properties. The asymmetrically substituted phenoylated phosphatidylcholines exhibited higher antiproliferative effect than free acids. Lysophosphatidylcholine (7b) effectively inhibited the proliferation of human leukaemia (MV4-11), breast (MCF-7), and colon (LoVo) cancer cell lines at concentrations of 9.5–20.7 µm and was from 19 to 38-fold more active than corresponding free veratric acid. The conjugation of anisic/veratric acids with the phosphatidylcholine have proved the anticancer potential of these phenolcarboxylic acids and showed that this type of lipophilization is an effective method for the production of active biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czarnecka
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Central Laboratory of the Instrumental Analysis, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Anwar S, Bhandari U, Panda BP, Dubey K, Khan W, Ahmad S. Trigonelline inhibits intestinal microbial metabolism of choline and its associated cardiovascular risk. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:100-112. [PMID: 29980011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota based metabolism of choline produces trimethylamine (TMA) which is further converted to a pro-atherosclerotic metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) by flavin monooxygenase (FMO3). Trigonelline from the plant Trigonella foenum-graecum has been reported for the treatment of CVD. Aim of the present study was to check the effect of trigonelline on the gut microbiota based conversion of TMA to TMAO. Trigonelline was isolated from hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum. The isolated trigonelline was characterized through TLC and UPLC-MS. Anaerobic microbe responsible for the metabolism of choline to TMA was isolated by culturing the human gut microbiota in choline enriched medium. The isolated bacteria was identified at molecular level based on PCR amplification of 1500bp of 16S rRNA gene sequence. Isolated FMO3 was used for ex vivo conversion of TMA to TMAO. Further, we investigated the effect of trigonelline in isolated gut microbe based metabolism of choline, lipid profile and TMAO levels in mice with or without suppression of gut microbiota with antibiotics. Liquid-liquid purification and chromatographic analysis confirmed the trigonelline purity (87.26%) and which was also confirmed by mass spectroscopy with m/z 137.4 in positive ionization mode. A total of 30 anaerobic microbes responsible for TMA production were isolated and Citrobacter freundii was the superior among others for the production of TMA. In vitro culture of C. freundii in choline enriched medium supplemented with trigonelline resulted in significantly reduction TMA and followed by TMAO production. In ex vivo, a maximum of 85.3% TMAO production was reduced by trigonelline at concentration of about 300 μg/mL. Serum level of lipids and TMAO were significantly altered in choline fed animals with or without suppression of gut microbiota and this phenomenon was reversed upon the oral administration of trigonelline in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrates the effect of trigonelline on gut microbiota responsible for choline metabolism and this can be used as a model for evaluation of herbal drugs and its effect in gut microbiota prompted cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kiran Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Washim Khan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Mahendra AI, Fajar JK, Harapan H, Heriansyah T, Prawiro SR, Widjajanto E, Rohman MS, Mintaroem K, Pikir BS, Prashar Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis vesicles reduce MDA-LDL levels and aortic wall thickness in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. Artery Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Association of the Common Catalase Gene Polymorphism rs1001179 With Glycated Hemoglobin and Plasma Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Patients. Biochem Genet 2016; 55:77-86. [PMID: 27704307 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalase represents perhaps the most effective antioxidant defense in the body under conditions of increased oxidative stress, and rs1001179 (CAT-262C >T) is its most extensively studied gene polymorphism. Using an established PCR-RFLP method for genotyping, we examined the association of rs1001179 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma lipids using univariate analyses with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol abuse as covariates, in a group of dyslipidemic patients from northern Greece. Our results suggest that the TT genotype is a risk factor for increased HbA1c and plasma triglycerides, and that this association is modulated by the BMI and/or age of the patients.
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Du G, Sun L, Zhao R, Du L, Song J, Zhang L, He G, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Polyphenols: Potential source of drugs for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:23-34. [PMID: 27113411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are naturally present in plants, have been studied for their chemical and pharmacological properties. Polyphenols have been found to exhibit various bioactivities such as antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to regulating the intracellular free calcium levels. These bioactivities are related to the underlying mechanisms of ischaemic heart diseases. Pharmacological studies have proven polyphenols to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases in various ways, particularly ischaemic heart diseases. Based on their mode of action, we propose that some polyphenols can be developed as drugs to treat ischaemic heart diseases. For this purpose, a strategy to evaluate the therapeutic value of drugs for ischaemic heart diseases is needed. Despite several advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the incidence of myocardial infarction and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases has not decreased markedly in China. Due to their pleiotropic properties and structural diversity, polyphenols have been of great interest in pharmacology. In the present review, we summarize the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of polyphenols reported after 2000, and we analyse the benefits or druggability of these compounds for ischaemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lida Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junke Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guorong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Juntian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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10
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Wang QB, Sun LY, Gong ZD, Du Y. Veratric Acid Inhibits LPS-Induced IL-6 and IL-8 Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2015; 39:237-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Garcimartín A, Santos-López JA, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Silicon-Enriched Restructured Pork Affects the Lipoprotein Profile, VLDL Oxidation, and LDL Receptor Gene Expression in Aged Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. J Nutr 2015; 145:2039-45. [PMID: 26246324 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.213934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that silicon can play an important role in protecting against degenerative diseases. Restructuring pork by partially disassembling meat permits the incorporation of active components with potential functional effects. However, there has been no research to date on the impact that silicon, as a functional ingredient in restructured pork (RP), has on lipoprotein composition, metabolism, and oxidation. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effect of silicon-enriched RP on lipemia, lipoprotein profile, and oxidation markers of aged rats fed high-fat, high-energy, cholesterol-enriched diets. METHODS RP samples similar to commercial sausages (16% protein and 22% fat, wt:wt) were prepared by mixing lean pork and lard alone or with silicon (1.3 g Si/kg fresh matter) under controlled conditions and then freeze-dried. Saturated fat-rich diets were designed by mixing 78.3% purified diet with 21.7% freeze-dried RP. Three groups composed of 8 aged male Wistar rats (1 y old) were fed for 8 wk a control RP (C) diet, a cholesterol-enriched RP (Chol-C) diet [C diet enriched with 1.26% cholesterol plus 0.25% cholic acid, or a cholesterol and silicon-enriched RP (Chol-Si) diet (same as the Chol-C diet but containing silicon)]. Plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein profile, the degree of VLDL oxidation, and LDL receptor gene (Ldlr) expression were tested. RESULTS Compared with the C diet, the Chol-C diet did not modify food intake or body weight but significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma cholesterol (32%) and total lipids (19%), VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein + LDL cholesterol (both >600%), total lipids and proteins (both >300%), and the degree of VLDL oxidation [conjugated dienes >250%; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), 900%] and reduced Ldlr expression (64%) and liver arylesterase activity (54%). The Chol-Si diet partially normalized changes induced by the Chol-C diet. Compared with the Chol-C group, Chol-Si rats had lower VLDL compound concentrations (P < 0.001; e.g., 75% less VLDL cholesterol) and VLDL oxidation (65% less conjugated dienes and 85% less TBARS) but greater Ldlr expression (200%). CONCLUSIONS Silicon added to RP strongly counterbalanced the negative effect of high-cholesterol-ingestion, functioning as an active hypocholesterolemic, hypolipemic, and antioxidative dietary ingredient in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Garcimartín
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Peng YS, Liu LJ, Zhao C, Yang X, Liu C, Wang RF. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of veratric acid after intravenous administration in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:535-9. [PMID: 26233844 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of veratric acid following intravenous administration in rats. The concentrations of veratric acid in rat plasma at various times after administrated at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg(-1) were quantified by HPLC. The tissue distributions of veratric acid at various times after a single intravenous dose of 2.5 mg·kg(-1) were also analyzed. The plasma pharmacokinetic parameters at the three doses were as follows: t(1/2), (86.23 ± 6.83), (72.66 ± 4.10) and (71.20 ± 2.90) min; C0, (11.10 ± 1.47), (23.67 ± 1.24) and (39.17 ± 3.90) μg·mL(-1); and AUC(0→∞), (1 240.90 ± 129.14), (2 273.84 ± 132.47) and (3 516.4 ± 403.37) min·μg·mL(-1), respectively. The compound was distributed into tissues rapidly and extensively after intravenous administration and was mainly distributed into the liver, heart and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuai Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Li-Jia Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Can Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ru-Feng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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13
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Ran X, Chao S, Jun-Gang Z, Yun H, Kuan-Bing C, Wen-Jun S. Protective effect of veratric acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:227-32. [PMID: 25034806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Veratric acid, a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has been reported to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of veratric acid on LPS-induced acute lung injury and to investigate the effects of veratric acid on NF-κB signaling pathway. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with dexamethasone or veratric acid 1h before intranasal instillation of LPS. 7h after LPS administration, the myeloperoxidase in lung tissues, lung wet/dry weight ratio and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The effects of veratric acid on pro-inflammatory cytokines and signal pathways were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. The results showed that veratric acid inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production in a dose dependent manner. It was also observed that veratric acid attenuated lung histopathologic changes. The wet/dry weight ratio of lungs and the number of total cells, neutrophils, macrophages in the BALF were all decreased. Furthermore, veratric acid inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκB. These results indicate that veratric acid inhibits NF-κB signaling pathways to attenuate inflammatory injury induced by LPS. Veratric acid may be a potential therapeutic reagent for acute lung injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ran
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Shang Chao
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhao Jun-Gang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Yun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Kuan-Bing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Wen-Jun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
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14
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Anandhi R, Thomas PA, Geraldine P. Evaluation of the anti-atherogenic potential of chrysin in Wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:103-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Yuan M, An YN, Wang RF, Ding Y, Sun ZX. Distribution of Two Bioactive Compounds in Flowers of Trollius chinensis. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:466-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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