1
|
Sakai K, Nagashima S, Wakabayashi T, Tumenbayar B, Hayakawa H, Hayakawa M, Karasawa T, Ohashi K, Yamazaki H, Takei A, Takei S, Yamamuro D, Takahashi M, Yagyu H, Osuga JI, Takahashi M, Tominaga SI, Ishibashi S. Myeloid HMG-CoA (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A) Reductase Determines Atherosclerosis by Modulating Migration of Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2590-2600. [PMID: 30354246 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Inhibition of HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) is atheroprotective primarily by decreasing plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. However, it is unknown whether inhibition of HMGCR in myeloid cells contributes to this atheroprotection. We sought to determine the role of myeloid HMGCR in the development of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results- We generated mice with genetically reduced Hmgcr in myeloid cells ( Hmgcr m- /m-) using LysM (Cre) and compared various functions of their macrophages to those of Hmgcr fl/fl control mice. We further compared the extent of atherosclerosis in Hmgcr m-/ m- and Hmgcr fl/fl mice in the absence of Ldlr (LDL receptor). Hmgcr m-/ m- macrophages and granulocytes had significantly lower Hmgcr mRNA expression and cholesterol biosynthesis than Hmgcr fl/fl cells. In vitro, Hmgcr m-/ m- monocytes/macrophages had reduced ability to migrate, proliferate, and survive compared with Hmgcr fl/fl monocytes/macrophages. However, there was no difference in ability to adhere, phagocytose, store lipids, or polarize to M1 macrophages between the 2 types of macrophages. The amounts of plasma membrane-associated small GTPase proteins, such as RhoA (RAS homolog family member A), were increased in Hmgcr m-/ m- macrophages. In the setting of Ldlr deficiency, Hmgcr m-/ m- mice developed significantly smaller atherosclerotic lesions than Hmgcr fl/fl mice. However, there were no differences between the 2 types of mice either in plasma lipoprotein profiles or in the numbers of proliferating or apoptotic cells in the lesions in vivo. The in vivo migration of Hmgcr m-/ m- macrophages to the lesions was reduced compared with Hmgcr fl/fl macrophages. Conclusions- Genetic reduction of HMGCR in myeloid cells may exert atheroprotective effects primarily by decreasing the migratory activity of monocytes/macrophages to the lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Sakai
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Bayasgalan Tumenbayar
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry (H.H., M.H., S.-i.T.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Morisada Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry (H.H., M.H., S.-i.T.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine (T.K., M.T.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ohashi
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo ward, Japan (K.O.)
| | - Hisataka Yamazaki
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihito Takei
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoko Takei
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Osuga
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine (T.K., M.T.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tominaga
- Department of Biochemistry (H.H., M.H., S.-i.T.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (K.S., S.N., T.W., B.T., H. Yamazaki, A.T., S.T., D.Y., M.T., H. Yagyu, J.-i.O., S.I.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bayatmakoo R, Rashtchizadeh N, Yaghmaei P, Farhoudi M, Karimi P. Atorvastatin inhibits cholesterol-induced caspase-3 cleavage through down-regulation of p38 and up-regulation of Bcl-2 in the rat carotid artery. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 28:298-303. [PMID: 28498386 PMCID: PMC5730680 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries lead to a broad range of cerebrovascular disorders such as vascular dementia and ischaemic stroke. Recent studies have verified the beneficial role of atorvastatin (AV) in atherosclerosis. Despite a large body of studies, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been completely explained. In this study, several experiments were performed on atherosclerotic rat models to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of AV in the carotid artery. METHODS In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (250 ± 25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: rats on a normal diet (ND; n = 10); a high-cholesterol diet (HD; n = 10); a high-cholesterol diet plus AV (HD + AV; n = 10) ; and the AV control group (AV; n = 10). Cleavage of caspase-3 protein, expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) as well as phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by immunoblotting assay in the carotid artery homogenate. Plasma atherogenic indices, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by colorimetric assay at the end of the experiment. Plasma levels of oxidised LDL (oxLDL) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After eight weeks of feeding with a high-cholesterol diet, an elevated level of oxLDL was observed in the plasma in the HD group compared with the ND group [214.42 ± 17.46 vs 69.13 ± 9.92 mg/dl (5.55 ± 0.45 vs 1.78 ± 0.26 mmol/l); p < 0.01]. AV administration significantly reduced oxLDL levels in the HD + AV compared to the HD group [126.52 ± 9.46 vs 214.42 ± 17.46 mg/dl (3.28 ± 0.25 vs 5.55 ± 0.45 mmol/l); p < 0.01]. Results also showed that compared with the HC group, the HC + AV group had lower levels of p38 phosphorylation (p < 0.05) and higher levels of Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.05). Lower levels of cleaved caspase-3 were observed in the HC + AV group in comparison with the HC group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The resultant data suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of AV could be partially mediated by the pro-inflammatory protein p38 MAPK and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the rat carotid artery. Atorvastatin can therefore be considered a target drug in the prevention or development of atherosclerotic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Bayatmakoo
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao J, Zhang C, Gao F, Li H. The effect and mechanism of dopamine D1 receptors on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:31-36. [PMID: 28181134 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and pathological roles of dopamine D1 receptors (DR1) in the regulation of functions in tissues and organs have been recognized. However, whether DR1 are expressed in the osteosarcoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of these cells is unknown. In the present study, we found that DR1 were expressed in the osteosarcoma cells (OS732 cells). SKF-38393 (DR1 agonist) and the overexpression of DR1 decreased the proliferation of OS732 cells; SCH-23390 (DR1 antagonist) and the knockdown of DR1 increased the proliferation of OS732 cells, and both SCH-23390 and the knockdown of DR1 abolished the effect of SKF-38393 on the proliferation of OS732 cells. In addition, SKF-38393 down-regulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt; SCH-23390 up-regulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt, and SCH-23390 cancelled the effect of SKF-38393. The effect of SKF-38393 on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt and the proliferation of OS732 cells was similar to PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that DR1 are expressed in the osteosarcoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by the down-regulation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways. These findings provide a novel target for the treatment of the osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong Y, Liu J, Huo WM, Duan WL, Wang X, Shang J. β-Elemene reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:415-20. [PMID: 26073337 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the possible effects of β-elemene on the progression of atherosclerosis in a rabbit model. The rabbit atherosclerosis model was established by the combination of balloon angioplasty-induced endothelial injury and an atherogenic diet fed to the rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (8/group): the normal control group (fed with normal chow diet), and three experimental groups, placebo group, atorvastatin group, and β-elemene group (received the atherogenic diet). After two weeks on the diet, the three experimental groups underwent balloon injury at right common carotid artery and were treated with drugs or placebo for five weeks. Serum lipids were measured. Carotid artery lesions were isolated for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with β-elemene and ox-LDL for 24 h and the viability of macrophages was assayed using the MTT method. TNF-α and IL-6 were also determined. Compared with the control group, the thickness of the atherosclerosis lesion in the placebo group was significantly increased; The thickness the drug treatment groups were significantly decreased, compared with that of the placebo group. The infiltration of macrophage was markedly reduced in the β-elemene group compared with that of the placebo group. β-elemene treatment also reduced the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, compared with the placebo group. β-elemene decreased the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that β-elemene retarded the progression of atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to the capacity of β-elemene to reduce the infiltration of macrophages and suppress inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Min Huo
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Wen-Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Zhou H, Feng T, Wu R, Sun X, Guan N, Qu L, Gao Z, Yan J, Xu N, Zhao J, Qi C. β-Glucan attenuates inflammatory responses in oxidized LDL-induced THP-1 cells via the p38 MAPK pathway. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:248-255. [PMID: 24418375 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of β-(1,3/1,6)-d-glucan on atherosclerosis as well as on the molecular mechanisms of its transition. METHODS AND RESULTS Human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells were differentiated into the macrophage phenotype by incubation with oxLDL in the absence or presence of β-glucan. β-glucan attenuated CD86 and CD80 expression and simultaneously reduced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Western blot analysis showed that oxLDL treatment induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. However, β-glucan inhibited p38 MAPK activation. In experiments with monocytes derived from healthy donors, β-glucan inhibited IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α production. The anti-inflammatory effects of β-glucan were also observed in atherosclerotic plaque cells. CONCLUSIONS β-glucan inhibited oxLDL-induced pro-inflammatory effects in macrophages via regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. This novel finding may provide insight for new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China; Central Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - H Zhou
- Central Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - T Feng
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - R Wu
- Central Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - X Sun
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China; Central Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - N Guan
- Central Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - L Qu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - J Yan
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - N Xu
- Section of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China.
| | - C Qi
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China; Central Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|