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Qin H, Zhou J. Myocardial Protection by Desflurane: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:169-179. [PMID: 37405905 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Coronary heart disease is an affliction that is common and has an adverse effect on patients' quality of life and survival while also raising the risk of intraoperative anesthesia. Mitochondria are the organelles most closely associated with the pathogenesis, development, and prognosis of coronary heart disease. Ion abnormalities, an acidic environment, the production of reactive oxygen species, and other changes during abnormal myocardial metabolism cause the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, which disrupts electron transport, impairs mitochondrial function, and even causes cell death. Differences in reliability and cost-effectiveness between desflurane and other volatile anesthetics are minor, but desflurane has shown better myocardial protective benefits in the surgical management of patients with coronary artery disease. The results of myocardial protection by desflurane are briefly summarized in this review, and biological functions of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mitochondrial electron transport chain, reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels, G protein-coupled receptors, and protein kinase C are discussed in relation to the protective mechanism of desflurane. This article also discusses the effects of desflurane on patient hemodynamics, myocardial function, and postoperative parameters during coronary artery bypass grafting. Although there are limited and insufficient clinical investigations, they do highlight the possible advantages of desflurane and offer additional suggestions for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen KY, Liu Z, Yi J, Hui YP, Song YN, Lu JH, Chen HJ, Yang SY, Hu XY, Zhang DS, Liang GY. PDHA1 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Improving Myocardial Insulin Resistance During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery in Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07501-9. [PMID: 37610688 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a requisite technique for thoracotomy in advanced cardiovascular surgery. However, the consequent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the primary culprit behind cardiac dysfunction and fatal consequences post-operation. Prior research has posited that myocardial insulin resistance (IR) plays a vital role in exacerbating the progression of MIRI. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain obscure. METHODS We constructed pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 α subunit (PDHA1) interference and overexpression rats and used ascending aorta occlusion in an in vivo model of CPB-MIRI. We devised an in vivo model of CPB-MIRI by constructing rat models with both pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHA1) interference and overexpression through ascending aorta occlusion. We analyzed myocardial glucose metabolism and the degree of myocardial injury using functional monitoring, biochemical assays, and histological analysis. RESULTS We discovered a clear downregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein content expression in the CPB I/R model. In particular, cardiac-specific PDHA1 interference resulted in exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, significantly increased myocardial infarction area, more pronounced myocardial edema, and markedly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, the opposite effect was observed with PDHA1 overexpression, leading to a mitigated cardiac dysfunction and decreased incidence of myocardial infarction post-global ischemia. Mechanistically, PDHA1 plays a crucial role in regulating the protein content expression of GLUT4 on cardiomyocytes, thereby controlling the uptake and utilization of myocardial glucose, influencing the development of myocardial insulin resistance, and ultimately modulating MIRI. CONCLUSION Overall, our study sheds new light on the pivotal role of PDHA1 in glucose metabolism and the development of myocardial insulin resistance. Our findings hold promising therapeutic potential for addressing the deleterious effects of MIRI in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong-Peng Hui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ying-Nan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun-Hou Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuan-Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Deng-Shen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563009, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Gui-You Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou Province, China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Akt is a critical node of acute myocardial insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Life Sci 2019; 234:116734. [PMID: 31394126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute myocardial insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for patients who undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance during CPB has not been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS To explore the role of myocardial insulin resistance on the cardiac function and its underlying mechanism, CPB operation and pharmacological intervention were applied in mini pigs, and myocardial insulin signaling, glucose uptake, ATP production and cardiac function were examined. KEY FINDINGS Our data showed that CPB elicited not only hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, but also inactivated Akt, and impaired the transposition of membrane glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), reduced glucose uptake and ATP production in the myocardium as well, which in turn was accompanied with cardiac dysfunction. Meanwhile, linear correlations were established among reduced myocardial glucose uptake, ATP production, and depressed cardiac systolic or diastolic function. Reactivation of Akt by SC79, an Akt agonist, partially alleviated myocardial insulin resistance and restored post CPB cardiac function via augmenting myocardial glucose uptake and ATP production. SIGNIFICANCE These findings revealed that acute myocardial insulin resistance due to inactivation of Akt played a key role in cardiac dysfunction post CPB via suppressing glucose metabolism related energy supply.
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Zhang DS, Liang GY, Liu DX, Yu J, Wang F. Role of Phosphorylated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Myocardial Insulin Resistance After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery in Dogs. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4149-4158. [PMID: 31160548 PMCID: PMC6561136 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in myocardial insulin resistance after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in dogs. Material/Methods Twenty-four mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The control group did not undergo aortic cross-clamping; the model group underwent 60 mins of aortic cross-clamping with 150 ml cardioplegic solution. The treatment group, the inhibition group respectively with 0.11mg/kg AICAR (AMPK agonist) in 150 ml cardioplegic solution and 0.11 mg/kg Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) in 150 ml cardioplegic solution. The blood flow was determined and left ventricular myocardial tissue were taken at pre-bypass, 15, 60, and 90 min after aorta declamping, respectively. Expression of AMPK mRNA, p-AMPK and GLUT-4 proteins was determined by RT-PCR, IHC and WB. Results Compared with the control group, receiving 60 min ischemia at 15 min after reperfusion, Myocardial Glucose Extraction Ratio were significantly decreased in the other 3 groups, it was significantly decreased from 20.0% to 1.2% at 60 min of reperfusion, and recovered to 6.1% after 90 min reperfusion in model group, while recovered to 4.1%, 12.0% after 90 min reperfusion respectively exposed to Compound C and AICAR. The expressions of p-AMPK, GLUT-4 protein and AMPK mRNA in myocardium were decreased in different experiment groups, but these changes occurred to a lesser extent in the treatment group. Conclusions The inability of GLUT-4 expression induced by the decreases in p-AMPK protein expression that may be one of the reasons for myocardial insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Shen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Gui-You Liang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Da-Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Wang Z, Cao Y, Yin Q, Han Y, Wang Y, Sun G, Zhu H, Xu M, Gu C. Activation of AMPK alleviates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced cardiac injury via ameliorating acute cardiac glucose metabolic disorder. Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 36:e12482. [PMID: 30632675 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years, studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia is one of the main manifestations after cardiac surgeries, which contributes to myocardial injuries and increases the chance of subsequent complications and mortality in such patients. However, strategies targeting at glucose metabolic disorder after cardiac surgeries to attenuate myocardial injuries are inadequately studied. In this study, a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was applied to investigate the role of Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in modulating myocardial glucose metabolic-induced cardiac injuries after cardiac surgery. The results revealed that CPB elicited significant cardiac dysfunction, and pronouncedly elevated the markers of myocardial injuries including serum creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin I. Additionally, blunted myocardial glucose uptake after CPB was associated with decreased membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content. However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4. Meanwhile, improved myocardial glucose uptake and more importantly alleviated cardiac injury were also observed after CPB pretreated with AICAR. Moreover, the application of a mutant form of AS160 (AS160-4P) abolished the beneficial effect of AICAR, as evidenced by impaired cardiac glucose uptake, reduced myocardial membrane GLUT-4 translocation, increased cardiac injury markers, and deterioration of cardiac function after CPB. In conclusion, it was suggested in this study that preactivation of AMPK by AICAR improved myocardial glucose uptake by promoting AS160 dependent myocardial membrane GLUT-4 translocation, which ultimately provided a potent cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yukun Cao
- Department of Heart Center, Airforce General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuehu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunya Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guocheng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhong CB, Chen X, Zhou XY, Wang XB. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Mediating Cardioprotection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 23:46-56. [PMID: 28466688 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417707049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although advances have been made in restoring myocardial perfusion in ischemic areas, decreases in cardiomyocyte death and infarct size are still limited, attributing to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is necessary to develop therapies to restrict myocardial I/R injury and protect cardiomyocytes against further damage after MI. Many studies have suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-inducible nuclear receptor that predominantly regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating myocardial I/R injury. Thus, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in cardioprotection during myocardial I/R. The cardioprotective effects of PPARγ, including attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of PPARγ, such as regulating the expression of target genes, influencing other transcription factors, and modulating kinase signaling pathways, are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Bin Zhong
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Yue Zhou
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bao Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma in cardiovascular disorders and cardiovascular surgery. J Cardiol 2015; 66:271-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, currently affecting 5 million Americans. A syndrome defined on clinical terms, heart failure is the end result of events occurring in multiple heart diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, genetic mutations and diabetes, and metabolic dysregulation, is a hallmark feature. Mounting evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests strongly that fatty acid uptake and oxidation are adversely affected, especially in end-stage heart failure. Moreover, metabolic flexibility, the heart's ability to move freely among diverse energy substrates, is impaired in heart failure. Indeed, impairment of the heart's ability to adapt to its metabolic milieu and associated metabolic derangement are important contributing factors in the heart failure pathogenesis. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms governing metabolic control in heart failure will provide critical insights into disease initiation and progression, raising the prospect of advances with clinical relevance.
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