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Maemoto Y, Maruyama T, Nemoto K, Baba T, Motohashi M, Ito A, Tagaya M, Tani K. DDHD1, but Not DDHD2, Suppresses Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y and PC12 Cells by Regulating Protein Transport From Recycling Endosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:670. [PMID: 32850804 PMCID: PMC7396612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DDHD1 and DDHD2 are both intracellular phospholipases A1 and hydrolyze phosphatidic acid in vitro. Given that phosphatidic acid participates in neurite outgrowth, we examined whether DDHD1 and DDHD2 regulate neurite outgrowth. Depletion of DDHD1 from SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells caused elongation of neurites, whereas DDHD2 depletion prevented neurite elongation. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of DDHD1 is necessary for the prevention of neurite elongation. Depletion of DDHD1 caused enlargement of early endosomes and stimulated tubulation of recycling endosomes positive for phosphatidic acid-binding proteins syndapin2 and MICAL-L1. Knockout of DDHD1 enhanced transferrin recycling from recycling endosomes to the cell surface. Our results suggest that DDHD1 negatively controls the formation of a local phosphatidic acid-rich domain in recycling endosomes that serves as a membrane source for neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maemoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maruyama
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nemoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan.,Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Manae Motohashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Katsuko Tani
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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2
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Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Loss of DDHD2, whose mutation causes spastic paraplegia, promotes reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:797. [PMID: 30038238 PMCID: PMC6056544 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DDHD2/KIAA0725p is a mammalian intracellular phospholipase A1 that exhibits phospholipase and lipase activities. Mutation of the DDHD2 gene causes hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG54), an inherited neurological disorder characterized by lower limb spasticity and weakness. Although previous studies demonstrated lipid droplet accumulation in the brains of SPG54 patients and DDHD2 knockout mice, the cause of SPG54 remains elusive. Here, we show that ablation of DDHD2 in mice induces age-dependent apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord. In vitro, motor neurons and embryonic fibroblasts from DDHD2 knockout mice fail to survive and are susceptible to apoptotic stimuli. Chemical and probe-based analysis revealed a substantial decrease in cardiolipin content and an increase in reactive oxygen species generation in DDHD2 knockout cells. Reactive oxygen species production in DDHD2 knockout cells was reversed by the expression of wild-type DDHD2, but not by an active-site DDHD2 mutant, DDHD2 mutants related to hereditary spastic paraplegia, or DDHD1, another member of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family whose mutation also causes spastic paraplegia (SPG28). Our results demonstrate the protective role of DDHD2 for mitochondrial integrity and provide a clue to the pathogenic mechanism of SPG54.
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Araki M, Ohshima N, Aso C, Konishi A, Obinata H, Tatei K, Izumi T. Enzymatic characterization of recombinant rat DDHD2: a soluble diacylglycerol lipase. J Biochem 2016; 160:269-279. [PMID: 27198176 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DDHD2 has been reported to exhibit phospholipase A1, triacylglycerol (TG) lipase and diacylglycerol (DG) lipase activities. However, the detailed enzymatic properties of DDHD2 have not yet been elucidated. In the current study, the substrate specificity of DDHD2 towards DG, TG and phosphatidic acid (PA) has been examined using highly purified recombinant rat DDHD2 (rDDHD2) with a liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. The k cat/Km value for DG (18:0/20:4) was much higher than those for TG (18:1/18:1/18:1), and PA (18:0/20:4) in the presence of sodium deoxycholate. The enzyme activity of rDDHD2 towards DG (18:0/20:4) was highest among all of the substrates tested. In addition, rDDHD2 was highly specific to DG substrates with a polyunsaturated fatty acid at their sn-2 position. The levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in CHO cells were quantified by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, showing that CHO cells expressing recombinant rDDHD2 contained higher levels of 2-AG when cells were treated with a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, URB602. These results therefore support the idea that DDHD2 functions as a DG lipase in vivo and produces 2-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Araki
- Department of Biochemistry.,Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | | | - Chizu Aso
- National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0829, Japan
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Lu YW, Claypool SM. Disorders of phospholipid metabolism: an emerging class of mitochondrial disease due to defects in nuclear genes. Front Genet 2015; 6:3. [PMID: 25691889 PMCID: PMC4315098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes co-exist within each cell. While the mitochondrial genome encodes for a limited number of proteins, transfer RNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, the vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome. Of the multitude of mitochondrial disorders known to date, only a fifth are maternally inherited. The recent characterization of the mitochondrial proteome therefore serves as an important step toward delineating the nosology of a large spectrum of phenotypically heterogeneous diseases. Following the identification of the first nuclear gene defect to underlie a mitochondrial disorder, a plenitude of genetic variants that provoke mitochondrial pathophysiology have been molecularly elucidated and classified into six categories that impact: (1) oxidative phosphorylation (subunits and assembly factors); (2) mitochondrial DNA maintenance and expression; (3) mitochondrial protein import and assembly; (4) mitochondrial quality control (chaperones and proteases); (5) iron–sulfur cluster homeostasis; and (6) mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion). Here, we propose that an additional class of genetic variant be included in the classification schema to acknowledge the role of genetic defects in phospholipid biosynthesis, remodeling, and metabolism in mitochondrial pathophysiology. This seventh class includes a small but notable group of nuclear-encoded proteins whose dysfunction impacts normal mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism. The resulting human disorders present with a diverse array of pathologic consequences that reflect the variety of functions that phospholipids have in mitochondria and highlight the important role of proper membrane homeostasis in mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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Baba T, Kashiwagi Y, Arimitsu N, Kogure T, Edo A, Maruyama T, Nakao K, Nakanishi H, Kinoshita M, Frohman MA, Yamamoto A, Tani K. Phosphatidic acid (PA)-preferring phospholipase A1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11497-11511. [PMID: 24599962 PMCID: PMC4036285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.531921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that phosphatidic acid (PA), a cone-shaped phospholipid that can generate negative curvature of lipid membranes, participates in mitochondrial fusion. However, precise mechanisms underling the production and consumption of PA on the mitochondrial surface are not fully understood. Phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PLA1)/DDHD1 is the first identified intracellular phospholipase A1 and preferentially hydrolyzes PA in vitro. Its cellular and physiological functions have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that PA-PLA1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics. PA-PLA1, when ectopically expressed in HeLa cells, induced mitochondrial fragmentation, whereas its depletion caused mitochondrial elongation. The effects of PA-PLA1 on mitochondrial morphology appear to counteract those of MitoPLD, a mitochondrion-localized phospholipase D that produces PA from cardiolipin. Consistent with high levels of expression of PA-PLA1 in testis, PA-PLA1 knock-out mice have a defect in sperm formation. In PA-PLA1-deficient sperm, the mitochondrial structure is disorganized, and an abnormal gap structure exists between the middle and principal pieces. A flagellum is bent at that position, leading to a loss of motility. Our results suggest a possible mechanism of PA regulation of the mitochondrial membrane and demonstrate an in vivo function of PA-PLA1 in the organization of mitochondria during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kashiwagi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kogure
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayumi Edo
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maruyama
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5140, and
| | - Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Katsuko Tani
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan,.
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