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Zdanowicz K, Ryzko J, Bobrus-Chociej A, Wojtkowska M, Lebensztejn DM. The role of chemerin in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis in children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:371-375. [PMID: 33043555 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Adipokines and hepatokines are proteins secreted by adipose tissue and the liver. To date, the levels of adipokines and hepatokines in cholelithiasis have only been evaluated in studies in adult patients. The purpose of our research was to assess the levels of circulating adipokines: chemerin, vaspin, progranulin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) and hepatokine: fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and to compare their concentrations in paediatric patients with and without cholelithiasis. METHODS The prospective study included 54 children and adolescents diagnosed with gallstones and 26 controls. Fasting serum levels of adipokines and hepatokine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The serum levels of chemerin, FGF-21 and RBP-4 were significantly higher in children and adolescents with gallstones compared to the control group. Elevated levels of triglycerides, RBP-4, and a homeostatic model for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed in overweight or obese patients compared to patients with normal weight and cholelithiasis. Chemerin concentrations were increased in the normal-weight children and adolescents with cholelithiasis compared to the control group. Children and adolescents with gallstones and abnormal weight had significantly higher levels of chemerin, FGF-21 and RBP-4 than healthy controls. CONCLUSION Elevated serum chemerin levels were significantly higher in non-obese patients with cholelithiasis than in non-obese controls, suggesting a potential role of chemerin in the development of cholelithiasis in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zdanowicz
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Ryzko
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bobrus-Chociej
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Zhou Q, Hu H, Zhao G, Liu P, Wang Y, Zhang H. Effect and related mechanism of Yinchenhao decoction on mice with lithogenic diet-induced cholelithiasis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 33717259 PMCID: PMC7885065 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, on C57BL/6 mice with lithogenic diet (LD)-induced cholelithiasis. The condition of cholelithiasis was evaluated using a six-level criteria. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum and liver tissue were measured using enzyme colorimetry. Concentrations of TC, phospholipids (PL) and total bile acids (TBA) in the bile were measured to calculate the cholesterol saturation index. Liver histopathology was microscopically observed and mRNA expression levels of ABCG5, ABCG8, SRBI, ABCB4, ABCB11 and NPC1L1 involved in cholesterol metabolism were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results showed that feeding mice the LD induced cholelithiasis, along with abnormal serum biochemical indices and imbalances in biliary cholesterol homeostasis. Increased ALT and ALP levels in the serum and ALT, ALP, TC and LDL-C levels in the serum and liver indicated the existence of hepatocyte injury, which were consistent with the pathological changes. YCHD treatment ameliorated the serum and hepatic biochemical abnormalities and adjusted the biliary imbalance. In addition, elevated expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8, scavenger receptor class B type I and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 in the liver and small intestine were observed at the onset of cholelithiasis but were reversed by YCHD. Taken together, results from the present study suggest that YCHD ameliorated LD-induced cholelithiasis mice, which may be caused by improvements in biliary cholesterol supersaturation and regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Cholelithiasis, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Cholelithiasis, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ Prevents Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in C57bl Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Enterohepatic Circulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7475626. [PMID: 30105244 PMCID: PMC6076980 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7475626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in the progression of cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD), C57bl/6J mice were randomized to the following groups (n=7/group): L (lithogenic diet, LGD), LM (LGD+pioglitazone), CM (chow diet+pioglitazone), and NC (normal control, chow diet). Gallbladder stones were observed by microscopy. Histological gallbladder changes were assessed. Bile acids (BA) and cholesterol were measured in the serum, bile, and feces. Proteins and mRNA expression of genes involved in BA metabolism and enterohepatic circulation were assessed by western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. PPARγ activation was performed in LO2 cell by lentivirus transfection and in Caco2 cell by PPARγ agonist treatment. Downregulation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by small interference RNA (siRNA) was performed in L02 cells and Caco2 cells, respectively. Results showed that pharmacological activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by increasing biliary BA synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Activated PPARγ induced the expression of genes involved in enterohepatic circulation and bile acid synthesis (like PCG1α, BSEP, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, NTCP, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, ASBT, OSTα, and OSTβ). Downregulation of FXR repressed expression of partial genes involved in BA enterohepatic circulation. These findings suggest a new function of PPARγ in preventing CGD by handling BA synthesis and transport through a FXR dependent or independent pathway.
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Ai M, Wang J, Jin B, Teng Z, Wang Y, Li L. Body Mass Index Can Increase the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2016; 22:146-155. [PMID: 27899789 PMCID: PMC5134363 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.901651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to appraise the association between raised body mass index (BMI) and the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) by performing a meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eligible cohort studies were selected by searching PubMed and EMBASE from their inception to May 26, 2016, and the reference lists of retrieved articles were also consulted. The information was screened by two authors separately. We used a fixed-effects model to calculate the overall pooled risk estimates. A random-effects model was used to identify heterogeneity. RESULTS The meta-analysis incorporated 14 cohort studies. Nine papers were deemed to be of high quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Compared with normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²), the overall pooled relative risks (RR) of GBC was 1.45 (95% CI 1.30-1.61) for excess body weight individuals (BMI ≥25 kg/m²); 1.10 (95% CI 1.02-1.18) for overweight persons (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m²) and 1.69(95% CI 1.54-1.86) for obese folks (BMI ≥30 kg/m²). A higher risk of GBC was presented in obese women (women: RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.59-1.99; men: RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.25-1.79). And a positive relationship between overweight and GBC risk was also displayed in female (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.40), but not in male (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.93-1.11). The sensitivity analysis indicated stable results, and no publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies demonstrated that raised BMI has a dramatic association with risk of GBC, especially in women. But, no association between overweight and GBC in men was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Min Ai
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yansheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
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Lipids, obesity and gallbladder disease in women: insights from genetic studies using the cardiovascular gene-centric 50K SNP array. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:106-12. [PMID: 25920552 PMCID: PMC4681116 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder disease (GBD) has an overall prevalence of 10–40% depending on factors such as age, gender, population, obesity and diabetes, and represents a major economic burden. Although gallstones are composed of cholesterol by-products and are associated with obesity, presumed causal pathways remain unproven, although BMI reduction is typically recommended. We performed genetic studies to discover candidate genes and define pathways involved in GBD. We genotyped 15 241 women of European ancestry from three cohorts, including 3216 with GBD, using the Human cardiovascular disease (HumanCVD) BeadChip containing up to ~53 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Effect sizes with P-values for development of GBD were generated. We identify two new loci associated with GBD, GCKR rs1260326:T>C (P=5.88 × 10−7, ß=−0.146) and TTC39B rs686030:C>A (P=6.95x10−7, ß=0.271) and detect four independent SNP effects in ABCG8 rs4953023:G>A (P=7.41 × 10−47, ß=0.734), ABCG8 rs4299376:G>T (P=2.40 × 10−18, ß=0.278), ABCG5 rs6544718:T>C (P=2.08 × 10−14, ß=0.044) and ABCG5 rs6720173:G>C (P=3.81 × 10−12, ß=0.262) in conditional analyses taking genotypes of rs4953023:G>A as a covariate. We also delineate the risk effects among many genotypes known to influence lipids. These data, from the largest GBD genetic study to date, show that specific, mainly hepatocyte-centred, components of lipid metabolism are important to GBD risk in women. We discuss the potential pharmaceutical implications of our findings.
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Saraç S, Atamer A, Atamer Y, Can AS, Bilici A, Taçyildiz İ, Koçyiğit Y, Yenice N. Leptin levels and lipoprotein profiles in patients with cholelithiasis. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:385-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0300060514561134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the relationships between serum leptin and levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in patients with cholelithiasis. Methods Patients with ultrasound-confirmed cholelithiasis and controls frequency-matched for age, sex, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c levels were recruited. Fasting blood samples from all study participants were assayed for glucose, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. Serum Lp(a), ApoA-1 and ApoB levels were measured using nephelometric assays; serum leptin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 90 patients with cholelithiasis and 50 controls were included in the study. Serum levels of leptin, Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglyceride and ApoB were significantly increased, and levels of ApoA-1 and HDL-C were significantly decreased, in patients with cholelithiasis compared with controls. Serum leptin in patients with cholelithiasis were significantly positively correlated with Lp(a) and ApoB and negatively correlated with ApoA-1. Conclusions Patients with cholelithiasis have higher leptin levels and an altered lipoprotein profile compared with controls, with increased leptin levels being associated with increased Lp(a) and ApoB levels, and decreased ApoA-1 levels, in those with cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Saraç
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Aytaç Atamer
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Atamer
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | | | - Aslan Bilici
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Taçyildiz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Koçyiğit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Necati Yenice
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
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