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Oluwole OG. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240917. [PMID: 38463519 PMCID: PMC10921449 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Causal mutations in the MCPH1 gene have been associated with disorders like microcephaly, and recently congenital hearing impairment. This study examined the MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and identified genetic variations of interest in gnomAD database to discuss the biological roles and effects of rare variants in MCPH1-related diseases. Notably, MCPH1 coordinates two of the seven known mechanisms of DNA repair which confirmed its roles in neurogenesis and chromatin condensation. A pathogenic missense variant in MCPH1 p.Gly753Arg, and two pathogenic frameshifts MCPH1 p.Asn189LysfsTer15 and p.Cys624Ter identified in this study, already had entries in ClinVar and were associated with microcephaly. A pathogenic frameshift in MCPH1 p.Val10SerfsTer5 with a loss-of-function flag and a pathogenic stop gained p.Ser571Ter variants with ultra-rare allele frequency (MAF ≤ 0.001) were identified but have not been linked to any phenotype. The predicted pathogenic ultra-rare variants identified in this study, warranty phenotypic discovery, and also positioned these variants or nearby deleterious variants candidate for screening in MCPH1-associated rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi G Oluwole
- Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-communicable Diseases Department, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Alsolami M, Aboalola D, Malibari D, Alghamdi T, Alshekhi W, Jad H, Rumbold-Hall R, Altowairqi AS, Bell SM, Alsiary RA. The emerging role of MCPH1/BRIT1 in carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1047588. [PMID: 36845691 PMCID: PMC9951231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1047588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The MCPH1 gene, also known as BRCT-repeat inhibitor of hTERT expression (BRIT1), has three BRCA1 carboxyl-terminal domains which is an important regulator of DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints and chromosome condensation. MCPH1/BRIT1 is also known as a tumour suppressor in different types of human cancer. The expression level of the MCPH1/BRIT1 gene is decreased at the DNA, RNA or protein level in a number of types of cancers including breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer compared to normal tissue. This review also showed that deregulation of MCPH1/BRIT1 is significantly associated with reduced overall survival in 57% (12/21) and relapsed free survival in 33% (7/21) of cancer types especially in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and renal clear cell carcinoma. A common finding of this study is that the loss of MCPH1/BRIT1 gene expression plays a key role in promoting genome instability and mutations supporting its function as a tumour suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alsolami
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Aboalola
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dolal Malibari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Alshekhi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Jad
- Oncology Department, Princess Nourah Cancer Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rea Rumbold-Hall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ahlam S. Altowairqi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra M. Bell
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rawiah Abdullah Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Rawiah Abdullah Alsiary,
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3
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Kristofova M, Ori A, Wang ZQ. Multifaceted Microcephaly-Related Gene MCPH1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020275. [PMID: 35053391 PMCID: PMC8774270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MCPH1, or BRIT1, is often mutated in human primary microcephaly type 1, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a smaller brain size at birth, due to its dysfunction in regulating the proliferation and self-renewal of neuroprogenitor cells. In the last 20 years or so, genetic and cellular studies have identified MCPH1 as a multifaceted protein in various cellular functions, including DNA damage signaling and repair, the regulation of chromosome condensation, cell-cycle progression, centrosome activity and the metabolism. Yet, genetic and animal model studies have revealed an unpredicted essential function of MPCH1 in gonad development and tumorigenesis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. These studies have begun to shed light on the role of MPCH1 in controlling various pathobiological processes of the disorder. Here, we summarize the biological functions of MCPH1, and lessons learnt from cellular and mouse models of MCPH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kristofova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-656415; Fax: +49-3641-656335
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Peraza-Vega RI, Valverde M, Rojas E. miR-27b-3p a Negative Regulator of DSB-DNA Repair. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1333. [PMID: 34573315 PMCID: PMC8471791 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms is of utmost importance to identify altered cellular processes that lead to diseases such as cancer through genomic instability. In this sense, miRNAs have shown a crucial role. Specifically, miR-27b-3 biogenesis has been shown to be induced in response to DNA damage, suggesting that this microRNA has a role in DNA repair. In this work, we show that the overexpression of miR-27b-3p reduces the ability of cells to repair DNA lesions, mainly double-stranded breaks (DSB), and causes the deregulation of genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR), base excision repair (BER), and the cell cycle. DNA damage was induced in BALB/c-3T3 cells, which overexpress miR-27b-3p, using xenobiotic agents with specific mechanisms of action that challenge different repair mechanisms to determine their reparative capacity. In addition, we evaluated the expression of 84 DNA damage signaling and repair genes and performed pathway enrichment analysis to identify altered cellular processes. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-27b-3p acts as a negative regulator of DNA repair when overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilio Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.I.P.-V.); (M.V.)
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Liu X, Schneble-Löhnert N, Kristofova M, Qing X, Labisch J, Hofmann S, Ehrenberg S, Sannai M, Jörß T, Ori A, Godmann M, Wang ZQ. The N-terminal BRCT domain determines MCPH1 function in brain development and fertility. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:143. [PMID: 33542216 PMCID: PMC7862653 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MCPH1 is a causal gene for the neurodevelopmental disorder, human primary microcephaly (MCPH1, OMIM251200). Most pathogenic mutations are located in the N-terminal region of the gene, which encodes a BRCT domain, suggesting an important function of this domain in brain size determination. To investigate the specific function of the N-terminal BRCT domain in vivo, we generated a mouse model lacking the N’-BRCT domain of MCPH1 (referred as Mcph1-ΔBR1). These mutant mice are viable, but exhibit reduced brain size, with a thinner cortex due to a reduction of neuroprogenitor populations and premature neurogenic differentiation. Mcph1-ΔBR1 mice (both male and female) are infertile; however, almost all female mutants develop ovary tumours. Mcph1-ΔBR1 MEF cells exhibit a defect in DNA damage response and DNA repair, and show the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) phenotype, a hallmark of MCPH1 patient cells and also Mcph1 knockout cells. In comparison with Mcph1 complete knockout mice, Mcph1-ΔBR1 mice faithfully reproduce all phenotypes, indicating an essential role of the N-terminal BRCT domain for the physiological function of MCPH1 in the control of brain size and gonad development as well as in multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Schneble-Löhnert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Kristofova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaobing Qing
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Labisch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Hofmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Ehrenberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mara Sannai
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Tjard Jörß
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Maren Godmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lung adenocarcinoma is metastatic cancer with a high mortality rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA and play a vital role in cancer progression. However, the expression and function of circRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma are still mostly unknown.
Methods
In this study, we screened the differential expression of circRNAs in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) by human circRNA microarray and RT-qPCR. The role of overexpressed circRNA_104889 in A549 cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion was studied extensively. Intracellular localization of circRNA_104889 was visualized by FISH assay. MiRNA sponging, ERK1/2 signaling, and caspase-3 expression were analyzed in siRNA-mediated circRNA_104889 knockdowned A549 cells.
Results
CircRNA microarray showed overexpression of circRNA_104889 (> 13-fold) in A459 cells compared to HBE. This finding was further corroborated by the RT-qPCR result. CircRNA_104889 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of A549 cells. The knockdown of circRNA_104889 in A549 cells by si-RNA mediated RNA interference did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis but significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of circRNA_104889 led to an increase of miR4458 expression. Overexpression of miR4458 inhibited A549 cell migration. Both the knockdown of circRNA_104889 and overexpression of miR4458 inhibited the caspase-3 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in A549 cells.
Conclusions
CircRNA_104889 promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion by sponging miR4458 and targeting ERK1/2 signaling and caspase-3 expression.
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Denu RA, Burkard ME. Analysis of the "centrosome-ome" identifies MCPH1 deletion as a cause of centrosome amplification in human cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11921. [PMID: 32681070 PMCID: PMC7368085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the microtubule organizing center of human cells and facilitates a myriad of cellular functions including organization of the mitotic spindle to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis, cell polarization and migration, and primary cilia formation. A numerical increase in centrosomes, or centrosome amplification (CA), is common in cancer and correlates with more aggressive clinical features and worse patient outcomes. However, the causes of CA in human cancer are unclear. Many previous studies have identified mechanisms of CA in cellulo, such as overexpression of PLK4, but it is unclear how often these are the primary mechanism in human disease. To identify a primary cause of CA, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) genomic and transcriptomic data for genes encoding the 367 proteins that localize to the centrosome (the "centrosome-ome"). We identified the following candidates for primary causes of CA: gain-of-function alterations of CEP19, CEP72, CTNNB1, PTK2, NDRG1, SPATC1, TBCCD1; and loss-of-function alterations of CEP76, MCPH1, NEURL4, and NPM1. In cellulo analysis of these candidates revealed that loss of MCPH1/microcephalin caused the most robust increase in centriole number. MCPH1 deep gene deletions are seen in 5-15% of human cancers, depending on the anatomic site of the tumor. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that loss of MCPH1 caused a CDK2-dependent increase in STIL levels at the centrosome to drive CA. We conclude that loss of MCPH1 is common in human cancer and is likely to be a cause of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Denu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6059 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6059 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Zhou X, Zhi Y, Yu J, Xu D. The Yin and Yang of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Genes: Insights from Neurogenesis and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051691. [PMID: 32121580 PMCID: PMC7084222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cells of neurogenesis and carcinogenesis share many properties, including proliferative rate, an extensive replicative potential, the potential to generate different cell types of a given tissue, and an ability to independently migrate to a damaged area. This is also evidenced by the common molecular principles regulating key processes associated with cell division and apoptosis. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurogenic mitotic disorder that is characterized by decreased brain size and mental retardation. Until now, a total of 25 genes have been identified that are known to be associated with MCPH. The inactivation (yin) of most MCPH genes leads to neurogenesis defects, while the upregulation (yang) of some MCPH genes is associated with different kinds of carcinogenesis. Here, we try to summarize the roles of MCPH genes in these two diseases and explore the underlying mechanisms, which will help us to explore new, attractive approaches to targeting tumor cells that are resistant to the current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yiqiang Zhi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jurui Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-17085937559
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Wang C, Li H, Ma P, Sun J, Li L, Wei J, Tao L, Qian K. The third-generation retinoid adapalene triggered DNA damage to induce S-phase arrest in HaCat cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:380-388. [PMID: 31808972 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal proliferative diseases consisted of a series of common skin diseases, most of which were recurrent chronic skin diseases, and had greatly negative influence on the life quality of patient. Retinoids exhibited vital roles in the treatment of many skin diseases. Our recent study demonstrated that adapalene significantly inhibited the growth of HaCat cells, and the inhibitory activity was stronger than other retinoids, such as all-trans-retinoic acid, acitretin, isotretinoin, tazarotene, and bexarotene. Further study showed that adapalene suppressed the colony formation of HaCat cells, and it dramatically triggered S-phase arrest and apoptosis, rather than G1 phase arrest which was reported in other retinoids in several studies. Additionally, adapalene treatment greatly upregulated the protein expression of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX, which was in accord with the results of the elongation of tail moment by comet electrophoresis analysis. Moreover, DNA damage was triggered and DNA repair was suppressed synchronously with adapalene treatment, which accounted for the mechanism of S-phase arrest induced by adapalene. In summary, our recent work demonstrated that adapalene showed strong anti-proliferation activity in HaCat cells and could be an alternative agent for the epidermal proliferative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jianfang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
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10
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Liu L, Sun L, Zheng J, Wang Y. Silencing BRIT1 Facilitates the Abilities of Invasiveness and Migration in Trophoblast Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7451-7458. [PMID: 30337515 PMCID: PMC6284355 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The improper invasion of trophoblast cells (TC) can cause various diseases. BRCT-repeat inhibitor of hTERT expression (BRIT1) is involved in the invasion of tumors. Here, we analyzed the effects of BRIT1 on the invasion of TC. Material/Methods The expression of BRIT1 in JEG-3, B6Tert, and HTR8/SVneo cells was evaluated by transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. The viability, invasion, and migration of HTR8/SVneo cells were measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. The activities of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (pro-MMP-2) and pro-MMP-9 were tested by gelatin zymography assay. The levels of invasion- and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related factors were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results Levels of BRIT1 in HTR8/SVneo cells were higher than that of JEG-3 and B6Tert cells. The transfection efficiency of BRIT1 siRNA-2 was better than BRIT1 siRNA-1 in HTR8/SVneo cells. BRIT1 siRNA-2 did not change cell viability, whereas it promoted cell invasion and migration. BRIT1 siRNA-2 enhanced the activities of pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9, as well MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, and reduced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 expression. Moreover, BRIT1 siRNA-2 significantly increased the levels of Wnt2, Wnt3, and β-catenin. Conclusions BRIT1 silencing accelerated the invasion and migration of TC and activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results may provide new insights for finding new molecular targets to cure disease caused by insufficient invasion of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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11
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Wu X, Liu W, Liu X, Ai Q, Yu J. Overexpression of MCPH1 inhibits the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3111-3117. [PMID: 29872322 PMCID: PMC5975609 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of dysfunction of MCPH1, a recently identified tumor suppressor gene, has not yet been established in lung cancer. In our previous study, it was reported that MCPH1 expression is downregulated in lung cancer tissues and that MCPH1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The results can be found in the APJC and Oncology Letters journals. Methods Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to explore the prognostic significance of MCPH1. Cell experiments were performed to investigate the effects of MCPH1 on the biologic behaviors of lung cancer cells. Results In the current study, microarray analysis of MCPH1 revealed that lung cancer patients with high MCPH1 expression had longer relapse-free survival. Overexpression of MCPH1 in A549 lung carcinoma cells successfully inhibited cell migration and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of MCPH1 inhibited migration and invasion by regulating the activities of several proteins that control the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, such as Slug, Snail, E-cadherin, Mdm2, and p53. Conclusion Our results indicate that downregulation of MCPH1 correlates with tumor progression in lung cancer, and hence MCPH1 may be an important tumor suppressor gene and a novel candidate therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Liu
- Otolaryngology, The Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Liu X, Zong W, Li T, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhou ZW, Wang ZQ. The E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C Cdh1 degrades MCPH1 after MCPH1-βTrCP2-Cdc25A-mediated mitotic entry to ensure neurogenesis. EMBO J 2017; 36:3666-3681. [PMID: 29150431 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of microcephalin (MCPH1) can cause the neurodevelopmental disorder primary microcephaly type 1. We previously showed that MCPH1 deletion in neural stem cells results in early mitotic entry that distracts cell division mode, leading to exhaustion of the progenitor pool. Here, we show that MCPH1 interacts with and promotes the E3 ligase βTrCP2 to degrade Cdc25A independent of DNA damage. Overexpression of βTrCP2 or the knockdown of Cdc25A remedies the high mitotic index and rescues the premature differentiation of Mcph1-deficient neuroprogenitors in vivo MCPH1 itself is degraded by APC/CCdh1, but not APC/CCdc20, in late mitosis and G1 phase. Forced MCPH1 expression causes cell death, underlining the importance of MCPH1 turnover after mitosis. Ectopic expression of Cdh1 leads to premature differentiation of neuroprogenitors, mimicking differentiation defects of Mcph1-knockout neuroprogenitors. The homeostasis of MCPH1 in association with the ubiquitin-proteasome system ensures mitotic entry independent of cell cycle checkpoint. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of how MCPH1 controls neural stem cell fate and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Wen Zong
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Tangliang Li
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Division of Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhou
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany .,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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13
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Liu X, Zhou ZW, Wang ZQ. The DNA damage response molecule MCPH1 in brain development and beyond. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:678-85. [PMID: 27197793 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephalin (MCPH1) is identified as being responsible for the neurodevelopmental disorder primary microcephaly type 1, which is characterized by a smaller-than-normal brain size and mental retardation. MCPH1 has originally been identified as an important regulator of telomere integrity and of cell cycle control. Genetic and cellular studies show that MCPH1 controls neurogenesis by coordinating the cell cycle and the centrosome cycle and thereby regulating the division mode of neuroprogenitors to prevent the exhaustion of the progenitor pool and thereby microcephaly. In addition to its role in neurogenesis, MCPH1 plays a role in gonad development. MCPH1 also functions as a tumor suppressor in several human cancers as well as in mouse models. Here, we review the role of MCPH1 in DNA damage response, cell cycle control, chromosome condensation and chromatin remodeling. We also summarize the studies on the biological functions of MCPH1 in brain size determination and in pathologies, including infertility and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhou
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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14
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Zhou L, Bai Y, Li Y, Liu X, Tan T, Meng S, He W, Wu X, Dong Z. Overexpression of MCPH1 inhibits uncontrolled cell growth by promoting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in S and G2/M phase in lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:365-372. [PMID: 26870219 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephalin (MCPH1/BRIT1) is a large nuclear protein that is involved in the early cellular response to DNA damage, the expression of which is reduced in a variety of types of human tumors. A recent study by our group demonstrated that MCPH1 expression is markedly decreased in lung cancer. However, it remains unclear whether inducing the expression of MCPH1 may ameliorate lung cancer, and, if so, which mechanisms underlie this process. The results of the present study demonstrated that MCPH1 expression was downregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with that in normal lung tissues. Furthermore, MCPH1 overexpression in A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells, successfully inhibited cell proliferation via arrest of the cell cycle in the S and G2/M phases. In addition, MCPH1 overexpression promoted cell apoptosis, in association with a significant increase in the quantities of Bax and active caspase-3, as well as a decrease in the level of Bcl-2. In conclusion the present results indicated that MCPH1 is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and entry into mitosis, suggesting that MCPH1 may function as a tumor suppressor and that it may be important in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, P.R. China
| | - Yanxi Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Wenting He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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