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Liu W, Zhou H, Dong H, Xing D, Lu M. Fluorofenidone Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Enhancing Autophagy and Retaining Mitochondrial Function. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:777-785. [PMID: 37735328 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a novel pyridone agent and has potent anti-NLRP3 inflammasome and anti-fibrotic activities. However, the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological actions are not fully understood. METHODS A renal fibrosis rat model was established by the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) procedure and the rats were randomized and treated with, or without, AKF-PD for 3 and 7 days. The levels of renal fibrosis, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, mitochondrial function, and autophagy were tested in rat kidney tissues. Macrophages following lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) stimulation were examined by Western blot, spectrophotometry, and TEM. RESULTS Compared with the untreated UUO rats, AKF-PD treatment significantly mitigated the UUO procedure-induced renal fibrosis in rats. AKF-PD treatment decreased mitochondrial dysfunction and IL-Iβ and caspase-1 expression in rat kidney tissues and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in activated macrophages. Mechanistically, AKF-PD treatment significantly attenuated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, increased Beclin-1 and LC3 II expression and autophagosome formation, and ameliorated the mitochondrial damage in renal tissues and activated macrophages. CONCLUSION The results indicated that AKF-PD treatment inhibited renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the autophagy-mitochondria-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Haonan Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Di Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Gao S, Xu T, Yin Y. JAK/STAT signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233259. [PMID: 37635867 PMCID: PMC10450957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghui Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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3
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The IRE1/JNK signaling pathway regulates inflammation cytokines and production of glomerular extracellular matrix in the acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7709-7718. [PMID: 35696049 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is extremely complex. Incomplete renal tubule repair, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress all play major roles. AKI activates ER stress, and the sensor protein inositol-requiring kinase-1 (IRE1) mediates inflammation by promoting the phosphorylation of C-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). The interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling pathway is associated with the secretion of renal extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis. It remains unclear whether these signaling pathways play a role in the AKI-CKD transition. METHODS In this study, a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) with bilateral renal artery clipping was used. IRE1 or JNK inhibitors were also injected to confirm their roles in the AKI-CKD transition. The renal function of the mice was determined by observing the pathology of the renal tubules and glomeruli through electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS I/R stimulates ER stress and the IRE1/JNK pathway in the renal tubules in a short period of time, leading to continuous inflammation. Long-term I/R injury activates the STAT3 pathway in the glomeruli, activates mesangial cells proliferation, causes secretion of large amounts of glomerular ECM, and promotes glomerular sclerosis. This damage to the renal tubules and glomeruli is significantly reduced in I/R model mice pretreated with IRE1 or JNK inhibitors. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the IRE1/JNK pathway regulates the inflammatory cytokines caused by AKI and continues to activate the STAT3 pathway and production of ECM in the glomeruli at late stages, suggesting the feasibility of targeted therapy for the AKI-CKD transition.
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Abdou RM, El-Maadawy WH, Hassan M, El-Dine RS, Aboushousha T, El-Tanbouly ND, El-Sayed AM. Nephroprotective activity of Aframomum melegueta seeds extract against diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury: A mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113939. [PMID: 33610709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Africa, Aframomum species have been traditionally used to treat illnesses such as inflammation, hypertension, diarrhea, stomachache and fever. Moreover, Aframomum melegueta seed extracts (AMSE) are used in traditional medicine to relieve stomachaches and inflammatory diseases. AIM Chronic administration of diclofenac (DIC) has been reported to cause acute kidney injury (AKI), which is a serious health condition. The nephroprotective effect of AMSE is yet to be elucidated. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the phytoconstituents of standardized AMSE, evaluate its nephroprotective effects against DIC-induced AKI in rats, and elaborate its underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quantitative estimation of major AMSE constituents and profiling of its secondary metabolites were conducted via RP-HPLC and LC-ESI/Triple TOF/MS, respectively. Next, DIC (50 mg/kg)-induced AKI was achieved in Sprague-Dawley rats and DIC-challenged rats were administered AMSE (100 and 200 mg/kg) orally. All treatments were administered for five consecutive days. Blood samples were collected and the sera were used for estimating creatinine, urea and, kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 levels. Kidney specimens were histopathologically assessed and immunohistochemically examined for c-Myc expression. A portion of the kidney tissue was homogenized and examined for levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH). Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, TNF-α, IL-6, Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-3 renal levels were quantified by ELISA. Moreover, the protein expression levels of NF-ҡB p65 was quantified using Western blot analysis, whereas mRNA expression levels of AMPK, SIRT-1, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) and STAT3 were detected using qRT-PCR in the remaining kidney tissues. RESULTS Standardized AMSE was shown to primarily contain 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol and 6-paradol among the 73 compounds that were detected via LC-ESI/Triple TOF/MS including phenolic acids, hydroxyphenylalkanes, diarylheptanoids and fatty acids. Relative to DIC-intoxicated rats, AMSE modulated serum creatinine, urea, KIM-1, renal MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, Bax, and caspase-3 levels. AMSE has also improved renal tissue architecture, enhanced GSH and HO-1 levels, and upregulated renal Nrf2, AMPK, and SIRT-1 mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, AMSE suppressed NF-ҡB p65 protein and STAT3 mRNA expression, and further reduced c-Myc immunohistochemical expression in renal tissues. Overall, our findings revealed that AMSE counteracted DIC-induced AKI via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Moreover, AMSE activated Nrf2/HO1 and AMPK/SIRT1, and inhibited NF-ҡB/STAT3 signaling pathways. Therefore, AMSE is a promising agent for inhibiting DIC-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab M Abdou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Riham S El-Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Nebal D El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aly M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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5
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Sun HJ, Xiong SP, Cao X, Cao L, Zhu MY, Wu ZY, Bian JS. Polysulfide-mediated sulfhydration of SIRT1 prevents diabetic nephropathy by suppressing phosphorylation and acetylation of p65 NF-κB and STAT3. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101813. [PMID: 33279869 PMCID: PMC7718489 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is known as a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. Polysulfides, a class of chemical agents with a chain of sulfur atoms, are found to confer renal protective effects in acute kidney injury. However, whether a polysulfide donor, sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4), confers protective effects against diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. Our results showed that Na2S4 treatment ameliorated renal dysfunctional and histological damage in diabetic kidneys through inhibiting the overproduction of inflammation cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as attenuating renal fibrosis and renal cell apoptosis. Additionally, the upregulated phosphorylation and acetylation levels of p65 nuclear factor κB (p65 NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in diabetic nephropathy were abrogated by Na2S4 in a sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)-dependent manner. In renal tubular epithelial cells, Na2S4 directly sulfhydrated SIRT1 at two conserved CXXC domains (Cys371/374; Cys395/398), then induced dephosphorylation and deacetylation of its targeted proteins including p65 NF-κB and STAT3, thereby reducing high glucose (HG)-caused oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, inflammation response and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Most importantly, inactivation of SIRT1 by a specific inhibitor EX-527, small interfering RNA (siRNA), a de-sulfhydration reagent dithiothreitol (DTT), or mutation of Cys371/374 and Cys395/398 sites at SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of Na2S4 on diabetic kidney insulting. These results reveal that polysulfides may attenuate diabetic renal lesions via inactivation of p65 NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation/acetylation through sulfhydrating SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Si-Ping Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
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6
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Liang Y, Liang L, Liu Z, Wang Y, Dong X, Qu L, Gou R, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu Z, Tang L. Inhibition of IRE1/JNK pathway in HK-2 cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation attenuates mesangial cells-derived extracellular matrix production. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13408-13420. [PMID: 33043579 PMCID: PMC7701502 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory responses play active roles in the transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activates c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) in ER stress. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC) are the main injury target and source of AKI inflammatory mediators. TEC injury may lead to glomerulosclerosis, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) HK‐2 cells were used as an AKI model. To determine the partial effects of TEC injury on the glomerulus, HK‐2 cells after H/R were co‐cultured with human renal mesangial cells (HRMC). H/R up‐regulated ER stress, IRE1/JNK pathway, IL‐6 and MCP‐1 in HK‐2 cells. Stimulation of HRMC with IL‐6 enhanced their proliferation and the expression of glomerulosclerosis‐associated fibronectin and collagen IV via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Similar responses were observed in HRMC co‐cultured with HK‐2 cells after H/R. IRE1/JNK inhibition reversed these injury responses in HRMC. IRE1/JNK stable knock‐down in HK‐2 cells and shRNA‐mediated STAT3 depletion in HRMC confirmed their role in inflammation/glomerulosclerosis. These findings suggest that IRE1/JNK pathway mediates inflammation in TEC, affecting mesangial cells. The inhibition of this pathway could be a feasible approach to prevent AKI‐CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiubing Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Gou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Licorice Extracts Attenuate Nephrotoxicity Induced by Brucine Through Suppression of Mitochondria Apoptotic Pathway and STAT3 Activation. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:890-898. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zehender A, Huang J, Györfi AH, Matei AE, Trinh-Minh T, Xu X, Li YN, Chen CW, Lin J, Dees C, Beyer C, Gelse K, Zhang ZY, Bergmann C, Ramming A, Birchmeier W, Distler O, Schett G, Distler JHW. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 controls TGFβ-induced STAT3 signaling to regulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3259. [PMID: 30108215 PMCID: PMC6092362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of TGFβ signaling is a common denominator of fibrotic tissue remodeling. Here we characterize the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 as a molecular checkpoint for TGFβ-induced JAK2/STAT3 signaling and as a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis. TGFβ stimulates the phosphatase activity of SHP2, although this effect is in part counterbalanced by inhibitory effects on SHP2 expression. Stimulation with TGFβ promotes recruitment of SHP2 to JAK2 in fibroblasts with subsequent dephosphorylation of JAK2 at Y570 and activation of STAT3. The effects of SHP2 on STAT3 activation translate into major regulatory effects of SHP2 on fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. Genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of SHP2 promotes accumulation of JAK2 phosphorylated at Y570, reduces JAK2/STAT3 signaling, inhibits TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation and ameliorates dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. Given the availability of potent SHP2 inhibitors, SHP2 might thus be a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Zehender
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jingang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandru-Emil Matei
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jianping Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive Indiana, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kolja Gelse
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive Indiana, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Zheng L, Zhang J, Yuan X, Tang J, Qiu S, Peng Z, Yuan Q, Xie Y, Mei W, Tang Y, Meng J, Hu G, Tao L. Fluorofenidone attenuates interleukin-1β production by interacting with NLRP3 inflammasome in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:573-584. [PMID: 28437591 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Sisi Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- Department of Nephrology Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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10
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Liu J, Zhou L, He L, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Xiao B, Liu G. Periplaneta Americana Extract May Attenuate Renal Fibrosis through Inhibiting Janus Tyrosine Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway. Pharmacology 2018; 102:1-8. [PMID: 29669350 DOI: 10.1159/000488535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periplaneta americana is one of the ancient insect groups with the strongest vitality. Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) has been explored as an alternative remedy for many diseases. Although much progress has been made in the study about PAE, the role of the drug in renal disease is rarely reported, especially in renal fibrosis. This study was designed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of PAE treatment to renal fibrosis. METHOD An in vivo, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model was built. Then the mice were treated with PAE (100 mg/kg body weight) once daily by oral gavage, again starting on the day of UUO and continued for 1 week. At the end of 1 week, the mice were sacrificed; kidney samples were collected for further analysis. In vitro, Boston University mouse proximal tubular cells were plated in 35-mm dishes at a density of 0.3 * 106 cells/dish. Then the cells were treated with 5-ng/mL TGF-β1 in serum-free DMEM medium for an indicated length of time. The experimental groups were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of PAE (0.3125 mg/mL). The cells were further cultured for 24 h, and then cells were monitored morphologically or collected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS Both in vivo and vitro PAE inhibits the expression of FN and alpha-smooth muscle actin and suppresses renal fibrosis. Importantly, PAE protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT) tyrosine phosphorylation. CONCLUSION PAE attenuates renal fibrosis through the suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital Affliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Nephrology Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Nephrology Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital Affliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital Affliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bofei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital Affliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Guoyong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changde Vocational Technical College, Changde, China
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11
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Elsherbiny NM, Zaitone SA, Mohammad HMF, El-Sherbiny M. Renoprotective effect of nifuroxazide in diabetes-induced nephropathy: impact on NFκB, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:467-473. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1459995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hala M. F. Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Anatomy Department, Almaarefa College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Milara J, Ballester B, Morell A, Ortiz JL, Escrivá J, Fernández E, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A, Pastor E, Artigues E, Morcillo E, Cortijo J. JAK2 mediates lung fibrosis, pulmonary vascular remodelling and hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an experimental study. Thorax 2018; 73:519-529. [PMID: 29440315 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common disorder in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and portends a poor prognosis. Recent studies using vasodilators approved for PH have failed in improving IPF mainly due to ventilation (V)/perfusion (Q) mismatching and oxygen desaturation. Janus kinase type 2 (JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase activated by a broad spectrum of profibrotic and vasoactive mediators, but its role in PH associated to PH is unknown. OBJECTIVE The study of JAK2 as potential target to treat PH in IPF. METHODS AND RESULTS JAK2 expression was increased in pulmonary arteries (PAs) from IPF (n=10; 1.93-fold; P=0.0011) and IPF+PH (n=9; 2.65-fold; P<0.0001) compared with PA from control subjects (n=10). PA remodelling was evaluated in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) from patients with IPF in vitro treated with the JAK2 inhibitor JSI-124 or siRNA-JAK2 and stimulated with transforming growth factor beta. Both JSI-124 and siRNA-JAK2 inhibited the HPAEC to mesenchymal transition and the HPASMCs to myofibroblast transition and proliferation. JAK2 inhibition induced small PA relaxation in precision-cut lung slice experiments. PA relaxation was dependent of the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa). JAK2 inhibition activated BKCa channels and reduced intracellular Ca2+. JSI-124 1 mg/kg/day, reduced bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, PA remodelling, right ventricular hypertrophy, PA hypertension and V/Q mismatching in rats. The animal studies followed the ARRIVE guidelines. CONCLUSIONS JAK2 participates in PA remodelling and tension and may be an attractive target to treat IPF associated to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballester
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anselm Morell
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Escrivá
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estrella Fernández
- Respiratory Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Pastor
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Artigues
- Surgery Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esteban Morcillo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Research and teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Nifuroxazide, a STAT3 inhibitor, mitigates inflammatory burden and protects against diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 281:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Ahamed J, Laurence J. Role of Platelet-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Reactive Oxygen Species in Radiation-Induced Organ Fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:977-988. [PMID: 28562065 PMCID: PMC5649128 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This review evaluates the role of platelet-derived transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in oxidative stress-linked pathologic fibrosis, with an emphasis on the heart and kidney, by using ionizing radiation as a clinically relevant stimulus. Current radiation-induced organ fibrosis interventions focus on pan-neutralization of TGF-β or the use of anti-oxidants and anti-proliferative agents, with limited clinical efficacy. Recent Advances: Pathologic fibrosis represents excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components after dysregulation of a balance between ECM synthesis and degradation. Targets based on endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) pathways and the use of redox modulators such as N-acetylcysteine present promising alternatives to current therapeutic regimens. CRITICAL ISSUES Ionizing radiation leads to direct DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with TGF-β1 activation via ROS, thrombin generation, platelet activation, and pro-inflammatory signaling promoting myofibroblast accumulation and ECM production. Feed-forward loops, as TGF-β1 promotes ROS, amplify these profibrotic signals, and persistent low-grade inflammation insures their perpetuation. We highlight differential roles for platelet- versus monocyte-derived TGF-β1, establishing links between canonical and noncanonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways in relationship to macrophage polarization and autophagy, and define points where pharmacologic agents can intervene. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies are needed to understand mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of current and proposed therapeutics, based on limiting platelet TGF-β1 activity, promotion of macrophage polarization, and facilitation of collagen autophagy. Models incorporating endogenous CO and selective TGF-β1 pathways that impact the initiation and progression of pathologic fibrosis, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and redox, are of particular interest. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 977-988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahamed
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jeffrey Laurence
- 2 Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
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15
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Endothelial fibrosis induced by suppressed STAT3 expression mediated by signaling involving the TGF-β1/ALK5/Smad pathway. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1033-1046. [PMID: 28737766 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During systemic inflammatory pathologies, mediators of inflammation circulate in the bloodstream and interact with endothelial cells (ECs), resulting in endothelial dysfunction that maintains and enhances the pathological condition. Inflammatory mediators change the protein expression profile of ECs, which become activated fibroblasts via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This process is characterized by downregulated endothelial proteins and strongly upregulated fibrotic-specific genes and extracellular matrix-forming proteins. The main inductor of endothelial fibrosis is transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which acts through the TGF-β1/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)/Smads intracellular signaling pathway. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is also involved in fibrosis in several tissues (e.g. heart and vascular system), where STAT3 signaling decreases TGF-β1-induced responses by directly interacting with Smad proteins, suggesting that decreased STAT3 could induce TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis. However, it is unknown if suppressed STAT3 expression induces EC fibrosis through a mechanism involving the TGF-β signaling pathway. The present study evaluated the fibrotic actions of STAT3 suppression in ECs and investigated TGF-β1/ALK5/Smad4 signaling pathway participation. Suppressed STAT3 expression stimulated fibrotic conversion in ECs, as mediated by protein expression reprograming that decreased endothelial marker expression and increased fibrotic and extracellular matrix protein levels. The potential mechanism underlying these changes was dependent on TGF-β1 secretion, the ALK5 activation pathway, and Smad4 translocation into the nucleus. We conclude that suppressed STAT3 expression converts ECs into activated fibroblasts via TGF-β1/ALK5/Smad4 signaling pathway involvement.
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16
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Deng ZH, Meng J, Tang J, Hu GY, Tao LJ. Fluorofenidone Inhibits the Proliferation of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:1917-1926. [PMID: 28819390 PMCID: PMC5556656 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of malignant tumor related mortality in China in recent decades, and the development of new and effective therapies for patients with advanced lung carcinoma is needed. We recently found that fluorofenidone (FD), a newly developed pyridine compound, reduced the activation of Stat3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in fibroblasts. Stat3 plays a crucial role in the development of lung cancer and may represent a new therapeutic target. In this study, we examined the effect of FD on human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The effect of FD on the growth of lung cancer cells was measured with a CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and xenograft tumor model. A flow cytometry analysis was performed to study cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the expression of Stat3. Changes in the expression of RNA induced by FD were assessed using gene chip and real-time RT-PCR assays. Results: In vitro, FD inhibited the growth of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and SPC-A1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment with FD, the A549 and SPC-A1 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and apoptosis was induced. In vivo, this compound significantly inhibited the growth of tumors that were subcutaneously implanted in mice. Moreover, FD decreased Stat3 activity in lung cancer cells and xenograft tumor tissue, and microarray chip results showed that FD altered the gene expression profile of lung cancer cells. Specifically, NUPR1, which plays a significant role in cancer development, was down-regulated by FD in lung cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study supports the clinical evaluation of FD as a potential lung adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Deng
- Department of pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Department of pathology, School of basic medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of pulmonary Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Nephropathy, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Gao-Yun Hu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410013, China
| | - Li-Jian Tao
- Department of Nephropathy, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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17
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Dadrich M, Nicolay NH, Flechsig P, Bickelhaupt S, Hoeltgen L, Roeder F, Hauser K, Tietz A, Jenne J, Lopez R, Roehrich M, Wirkner U, Lahn M, Huber PE. Combined inhibition of TGFβ and PDGF signaling attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1123366. [PMID: 27467922 PMCID: PMC4910723 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1123366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay for the treatment of lung cancer, but the effective dose is often limited by the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play crucial roles in the development of these diseases, but the effects of dual growth factor inhibition on pulmonary fibrosis development remain unclear. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with 20 Gy to the thorax to induce pulmonary fibrosis. PDGF receptor inhibitors SU9518 and SU14816 (imatinib) and TGFβ receptor inhibitor galunisertib were applied individually or in combinations after RT. Lung density and septal fibrosis were measured by high-resolution CT and MRI. Lung histology and gene expression analyses were performed and Osteopontin levels were studied. Results: Treatment with SU9518, SU14816 or galunisertib individually attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and decreased radiological and histological signs of lung damage. Combining PDGF and TGFβ inhibitors showed to be feasible and safe in a mouse model, and dual inhibition significantly attenuated radiation-induced lung damage and extended mouse survival compared to blockage of either pathway alone. Gene expression analysis of irradiated lung tissue showed upregulation of PDGF and TGFβ-dependent signaling components by thoracic irradiation, and upregulation patterns show crosstalk between downstream mediators of the PDGF and TGFβ pathways. Conclusion: Combined small-molecule inhibition of PDGF and TGFβ signaling is a safe and effective treatment for radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice and may offer a novel approach for treatment of fibrotic lung diseases in humans. Translational statement: RT is an effective treatment modality for cancer with limitations due to acute and chronic toxicities, where TGFβ and PDGF play a key role. Here, we show that a combined inhibition of TGFβ and PDGF signaling is more effective in attenuating radiation-induced lung damage compared to blocking either pathway alone. We used the TGFβ-receptor I inhibitor galunisertib, an effective anticancer compound in preclinical models and the PDGFR inhibitors imatinib and SU9518, a sunitinib analog. Our signaling data suggest that the reduction of TGFβ and PDGF signaling and the attenuation of SPP1 (Osteopontin) expression may be responsible for the observed benefits. With the clinical availability of similar compounds currently in phase-I/II trials as cancer therapeutics or already approved for certain cancers or idiopathic lung fibrosis (IPF), our study suggests that the combined application of small molecule inhibitors of TGFβ and PDGF signaling may offer a promising approach to treat radiation-associated toxicity in RT of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dadrich
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center, 400 INF, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center, 400 INF, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Flechsig
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center, 400 INF, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Line Hoeltgen
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Roeder
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center, 400 INF, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Hauser
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Tietz
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Jenne
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Roehrich
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Wirkner
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lahn
- Oncology Early Clinical Investigation, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis , IN, USA
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Molecular & Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 280 INF, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center, 400 INF, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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