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Gao W, Liu YF, Zhang YX, Wang Y, Jin YQ, Yuan H, Liang XY, Ji XY, Jiang QY, Wu DD. The potential role of hydrogen sulfide in cancer cell apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:114. [PMID: 38448410 PMCID: PMC10917771 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
For a long time, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been considered a toxic compound, but recent studies have found that H2S is the third gaseous signaling molecule which plays a vital role in physiological and pathological conditions. Currently, a large number of studies have shown that H2S mediates apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways to participate in cancer occurrence and development, for example, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, the regulation of the production and metabolism of H2S to mediate the apoptotic process of cancer cells may improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In this review, the role and mechanism of H2S in cancer cell apoptosis in mammals are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yu-Qing Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450064, China.
| | - Qi-Ying Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- Department of Stomatology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China.
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Chen HJ, Ngowi EE, Qian L, Li T, Qin YZ, Zhou JJ, Li K, Ji XY, Wu DD. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Endocrine System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:704620. [PMID: 34335475 PMCID: PMC8322845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.704620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as one of the three known gaseous signal transduction molecules in organisms, has attracted a surging amount of attention. H2S is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the body, such as dilating blood vessels (regulating blood pressure), protecting tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-inflammation, carcinogenesis, or inhibition of cancer, as well as acting on the hypothalamus and pancreas to regulate hormonal metabolism. The change of H2S concentration is related to a variety of endocrine disorders, and the change of hormone concentration also affects the synthesis of H2S. Understanding the effect of biosynthesis and the concentration of H2S on the endocrine system is useful to develop drugs for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lei Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang-Zhe Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Dong Wu, ; Xin-Ying Ji,
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Dong Wu, ; Xin-Ying Ji,
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Nin DS, Idres SB, Song ZJ, Moore PK, Deng LW. Biological Effects of Morpholin-4-Ium 4 Methoxyphenyl (Morpholino) Phosphinodithioate and Other Phosphorothioate-Based Hydrogen Sulfide Donors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:145-158. [PMID: 31642346 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regarded as the third gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Extensive studies have demonstrated a variety of biological roles for H2S in neurophysiology, cardiovascular disease, endocrine regulation, and other physiological and pathological processes. Recent Advances: Novel H2S donors have proved useful in understanding the biological functions of H2S, with morpholin-4-ium 4 methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137) being one of the most common pharmacological tools used. One advantage of GYY4137 over sulfide salts is its ability to release H2S in a slow and sustained manner akin to endogenous H2S production, rather than the delivery of H2S as a single concentrated burst. Critical Issues: Here, we summarize recent progress made in the characterization of the biological activities and pharmacological effects of GYY4137 in a range of in vitro and in vivo systems. Recent developments in the structural modification of GYY4137 to generate new compounds and their biological effects are also discussed. Future Directions: Slow-releasing H2S donor, GYY4137, and other phosphorothioate-based H2S donors are potent tools to study the biological functions of H2S. Despite recent progress, more work needs to be performed on these new compounds to unravel the mechanisms behind H2S release and pace of its discharge, as well as to define the effects of by-products of donors after H2S liberation. This will not only lead to better in-depth understanding of the biological effects of H2S but will also shed light on the future development of a new class of therapeutic agents with potential to treat a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabana Binte Idres
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Jian Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Giuffrè A, Tomé CS, Fernandes DGF, Zuhra K, Vicente JB. Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism and Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:335-353. [PMID: 32130707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), while historically perceived merely as a toxicant, has progressively emerged as a key regulator of numerous processes in mammalian physiology, exerting its signaling function essentially through interaction with and/or modification of proteins, targeting mainly cysteine residues and metal centers. As a gaseous signaling molecule that freely diffuses across aqueous and hydrophobic biological milieu, it has been designated the third 'gasotransmitter' in mammalian physiology. H2S is synthesized and detoxified by specialized endogenous enzymes that operate under a tight regulation, ensuring homeostatic levels of this otherwise toxic molecule. Indeed, imbalances in H2S levels associated with dysfunctional H2S metabolism have been growingly correlated with various human pathologies, from cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases to cancer. Several cancer cell lines and specimens have been shown to naturally overexpress one or more of the H2S-synthesizing enzymes. The resulting increased H2S levels have been proposed to promote cancer development through the regulation of various cancer-related processes, which led to the interest in pharmacological targeting of H2S metabolism. Herein are summarized some of the key observations that place H2S metabolism and signaling pathways at the forefront of the cellular mechanisms that support the establishment and development of a tumor within its complex and challenging microenvironment. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms whereby H2S helps shaping cancer cell bioenergetic metabolism and affords resistance and adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catarina S Tomé
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University of Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dalila G F Fernandes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University of Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Karim Zuhra
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University of Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Hydrogen Sulfide: Emerging Role in Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Malignancies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2360945. [PMID: 31781328 PMCID: PMC6875223 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2360945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the latest member of the gasotransmitter family and known to play essential roles in cancer pathophysiology. H2S is produced endogenously and can be administered exogenously. Recent studies showed that H2S in cancers has both pro- and antitumor roles. Understanding the difference in the expression and localization of tissue-specific H2S-producing enzymes in healthy and cancer tissues allows us to develop tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Urological malignancies are some of the most common cancers in both men and women, and their early detection is vital since advanced cancers are recurrent, metastatic, and often resistant to treatment. This review summarizes the roles of H2S in cancer and looks at current studies investigating H2S activity and expression of H2S-producing enzymes in urinary cancers. We specifically focused on urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer, as they form the majority of newly diagnosed urinary cancers. Recent studies show that besides the physiological activity of H2S in cancer cells, there are patterns between the development and prognosis of urinary cancers and the expression of H2S-producing enzymes and indirectly the H2S levels. Though controversial and not completely understood, studying the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in cancer tissue may represent an avenue for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for addressing urological malignancies.
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Kim JY, Sarkar S, Bobba KN, Huynh PT, Bhise A, Yoo J. Development of dansyl based copper(ii) complex to detect hydrogen sulfide in hypoxia. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7088-7094. [PMID: 31290912 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported as a gaseous signaling molecule in cells. H2S modulation is dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen in cells, which means hypoxia can induce H2S production under various pathophysiological conditions. Hypoxia is a common condition in solid tumors and can lead to malignant tumors that may become aggressive and result in worse prognosis. We designed and synthesized probe Cu-CD for H2S detection under hypoxia conditions. It is selective and sensitive toward various biological thiols, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The fluorescence intensity of Cu-CD in the cytoplasms of HeLa and EMT6 cells was enhanced in proportion to the concentration of exogenous/endogenous H2S. Moreover, Cu-CD can be able to detect endogenous H2S production accompanied by expression of HIF-1α. Therefore, Cu-CD can be a key tool to explore how H2S contributes to neovascularization and growth of solid tumor tissues in pathophysiological or hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea.
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Shen C, Jiang T, Zhu B, Le Y, Liu J, Qin Z, Chen H, Zhong G, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. In vitro culture expansion impairs chondrogenic differentiation and the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the unfolded protein response. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:26. [PMID: 30479659 PMCID: PMC6245887 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been implicated in loss of multipotency, leading to impaired chondrogenic potential and an eventual therapeutic effect, as reported in our previous study. However, the precise regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were involved in transformation of MSCs induced by in vitro culture based on the comparative profiling of in vitro cultured bone marrow MSCs at passage 3 (P3 BMSCs) vs. fresh P0 BMSCs by microarray analysis. Indeed, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed significantly lower expression levels of three key UPR-related molecules, ATF4, ATF6 and XBP1, in P3 BMSCs than P0 BMSCs. Further, we found that UPR suppression by 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) reduced the chondrogenic potential of P0 BMSCs and further cartilage regeneration. Conversely, UPR induction by tunicamycin (TM) enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of P3 BMSCs and the therapeutic effect on cartilage repair. Thus, the decline in the chondrogenic potential of stem cells after in vitro culture and expansion may be due to changes in ER stress and the UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Yiguan Le
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Zainen Qin
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Haimin Chen
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Gang Zhong
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- 4National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
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Breza J, Soltysova A, Hudecova S, Penesova A, Szadvari I, Babula P, Chovancova B, Lencesova L, Pos O, Breza J, Ondrias K, Krizanova O. Endogenous H 2S producing enzymes are involved in apoptosis induction in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:591. [PMID: 29793450 PMCID: PMC5968466 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the expression and thus a role of enzymes that produce endogenous H2S - cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase - in renal tumors is still controversial. In this study we aimed to determine the expression of these enzymes relatively to the expression in unaffected part of kidney from the same patient and to found relation of these changes to apoptosis. To evaluate patient's samples, microarray and immunohistochemistry was used. METHODS To determine the physiological importance, we used RCC4 stable cell line derived from clear cell renal cell carcinoma, where apoptosis induction by a mixture of five chemotherapeutics with/without silencing of H2S-producing enzymes was detected. Immunofluorescence was used to determine each enzyme in the cells. RESULTS In clear cell renal cell carcinomas, expression of H2S-producing enzymes was mostly decreased compared to a part of kidney that was distal from the tumor. To evaluate a potential role of H2S-producing enzymes in the apoptosis induction, we used RCC4 stable cell line. We have found that silencing of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase prevented induction of apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining clearly showed that these enzymes were upregulated during apoptosis in RCC4 cells. CONCLUSION Based on these results we concluded that in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, reduced expression of the H2S-producing enzymes, mainly cystathionine γ-lyase, might contribute to a resistance to the induction of apoptosis. Increased production of the endogenous H2S, or donation from the external sources might be of a therapeutic importance in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Breza
- Department of Urology with Kidney Transplant Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Soltysova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Hudecova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Szadvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Chovancova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomira Lencesova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Pos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Breza
- Department of Urology with Kidney Transplant Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Ondrias
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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