1
|
Qi Y, Li JJ, Di XH, Zhang Y, Chen JL, Wu ZX, Man ZY, Bai RY, Lu F, Tong J, Liu XL, Deng XL, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xie W. Excess sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria calcium transport induced by Sphingosine-1-phosphate contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118970. [PMID: 33529640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to possess pro-hypertrophic properties in the heart, but the detailed molecular mechanism that underlies the pathological process is rarely explored. In the present study, we aim to explore the role of S1P-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling, with a focus on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-mitochondria communication, in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) displayed significantly hypertrophic growth after treatment with 1 μmol/L S1P for 48 h, as indicated by the cell surface area or mRNA expressions of hypertrophic marker genes (ANP, BNP and β-MHC). Importantly, mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were dramatically elevated upon S1P stimulation, and pharmacological blockage of which abolished NRVM hypertrophy. 0.5 Hz electrical pacing induced similar cytosolic Ca2+ kinetics to S1P stimulation, but unaffected the peak of mitochondrial [Ca2+]. With interference of the expression of type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R2), which are unemployed in electrical paced Ca2+ activity but may be activated by S1P, alteration in mitochondrial Ca2+ as well as the hypertrophic effect in NRVMs under S1P stimulation were attenuated. The hypertrophic effect of S1P can also be abolished by pharmacological block of S1PR1 or Gi signaling. Collectively, our study highlights the mechanistic role of IP3R2-mediated excess SR-mitochondria Ca2+ transport in S1P-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Di
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jie-Long Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zi-Yue Man
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ru-Yue Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Fujian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xue-Liang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Wenjun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumari N, Gaur H, Bhargava A. Cardiac voltage gated calcium channels and their regulation by β-adrenergic signaling. Life Sci 2017; 194:139-149. [PMID: 29288765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are the predominant source of calcium influx in the heart leading to calcium-induced calcium release and ultimately excitation-contraction coupling. In the heart, VGCCs are modulated by the β-adrenergic signaling. Signaling through β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and modulation of VGCCs by β-adrenergic signaling in the heart are critical signaling and changes to these have been significantly implicated in heart failure. However, data related to calcium channel dysfunction in heart failure is divergent and contradictory ranging from reduced function to no change in the calcium current. Many recent studies have highlighted the importance of functional and spatial microdomains in the heart and that may be the key to answer several puzzling questions. In this review, we have briefly discussed the types of VGCCs found in heart tissues, their structure, and significance in the normal and pathological condition of the heart. More importantly, we have reviewed the modulation of VGCCs by βARs in normal and pathological conditions incorporating functional and structural aspects. There are different types of βARs, each having their own significance in the functioning of the heart. Finally, we emphasize the importance of location of proteins as it relates to their function and modulation by co-signaling molecules. Its implication on the studies of heart failure is speculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Himanshu Gaur
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao MM, Lian WW, Li Z, Shao DX, Chen SC, Sun XF, Hu HY, Feng R, Guo F, Hao LY. Astragaloside IV Inhibits Membrane Ca[Formula: see text] Current but Enhances Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca[Formula: see text] Release. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:863-877. [PMID: 28595501 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1750046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the active ingredients in Astragalus membrananceus (Huangqi), a traditional Chinese medicine. The present study investigated the effects of AS-IV on Ca[Formula: see text] handling in cardiac myocytes to elucidate its possible mechanism in the treatment of cardiac disease. The results showed that AS-IV at 1 and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M reduced KCl-induced [Ca[Formula: see text]]i increase ([Formula: see text] from 1.33[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.04 (control, [Formula: see text] 28) to 1.22[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.02 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] 29) and 1.22[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.02 ([Formula: see text] 0.01, [Formula: see text]), but it enhanced Ca[Formula: see text] release from SR ([Formula: see text] from 1.04[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.01 (control, [Formula: see text]) to 1.44[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.03 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and 1.60[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.04 ([Formula: see text] 0.01, [Formula: see text]0), in H9c2 cells. Similar results were obtained in native cardiomyocytes. AS-IV at 1 and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M inhibited L-type Ca[Formula: see text] current ([Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text]4.42[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.58 pA/pF of control to [Formula: see text]2.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.12 pA/pF ([Formula: see text] 0.01, [Formula: see text] 5) and [Formula: see text]1.78[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.28 pA/pF ([Formula: see text] 0.01, [Formula: see text] 5) respectively, when the interference of [Ca[Formula: see text]]i was eliminated due to the depletion of SR Ca[Formula: see text] store by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca[Formula: see text] ATPase. Moreover, when BAPTA, a rapid Ca[Formula: see text] chelator, was used, CDI (Ca[Formula: see text]-dependent inactivation) of [Formula: see text] was eliminated, and the inhibitory effects of AS-IV on ICaL were significantly reduced at the same time. These results suggest that AS-IV affects Ca[Formula: see text] homeostasis through two opposite pathways: inhibition of Ca[Formula: see text] influx through L-type Ca[Formula: see text] channel, and promotion of Ca[Formula: see text] release from SR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mi Zhao
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xue Shao
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Fei Sun
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yuan Hu
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Hao
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Wang S, Lei M, Boyett M, Tsui H, Liu W, Wang X. The p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) signalling pathway in cardiac disease: from mechanistic study to therapeutic exploration. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1362-1374. [PMID: 28574147 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) is a member of the highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases regulated by Ras-related small G-proteins, Cdc42/Rac1. It has been previously demonstrated to be involved in cardiac protection. Based on recent studies, this review provides an overview of the role of Pak1 in cardiac diseases including disrupted Ca2+ homoeostasis-related cardiac arrhythmias, adrenergic stress- and pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. These findings demonstrate the important role of Pak1 mediated through the phosphorylation and transcriptional modification of hypertrophy and/or arrhythmia-related genes. This review also discusses the anti-arrhythmic and anti-hypertrophic, protective function of Pak1 and the beneficial effects of fingolimod (an FDA-approved sphingolipid drug), a Pak1 activator, and its ability to prevent arrhythmias and cardiac hypertrophy. These findings also highlight the therapeutic potential of Pak1 signalling in the treatment and prevention of cardiac diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shunyao Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Boyett
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hoyee Tsui
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pilote S, Simard C, Drolet B. Fingolimod (Gilenya ® ) in multiple sclerosis: bradycardia, atrioventricular blocks, and mild effect on the QTc interval. Something to do with the L-type calcium channel? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:392-402. [PMID: 28299825 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias and ECG abnormalities including bradycardia, prolongation of the QT interval, and atrioventricular (AV) conduction blocks have been extensively observed with fingolimod, the first marketed oral drug for treating the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. This study was aiming to further elucidate the effects of fingolimod on cardiac electrophysiology at three different levels: (i) in vitro, (ii) ex vivo, and (iii) in vivo. (i) Patch-clamp experiments in whole cell configuration were performed on Cav 1.2-transfected tsA201 cells exposed to fingolimod-phosphate 100 or 500 nmol/L (n = 27 cells, total) to measure drug effect on L-type calcium current (ICaL ). (ii) Langendorff perfusion experiments were undertaken on male Hartley guinea-pigs isolated hearts (n = 4) exposed to fingolimod 10 and 100 nmol/L to evaluate drug-induced effects on monophasic action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization (MAPD90 ). (iii) Implanted cardiac telemeters were used to record ECGs in guinea-pigs (n = 7) treated with a single dose of fingolimod 0.0625 mg/kg suspension, administered as an oral gavage. (i) In vitro cellular experiments showed that fingolimod-phosphate causes a concentration-dependent reduction in ICaL . (ii) Ex vivo Langendorff experiments revealed that fingolimod had no significant effect on MAPD90 . (iii) Fingolimod caused significant prolongations of the RR, PR, QT, and QTcF intervals in vivo. Reversible AV blocks were also observed in 7/7 animals. Fingolimod possesses ICaL -blocking properties, further contributing to its AV conduction-slowing effects. These properties are also consistent with its mitigated effect on the QT interval in humans, despite previously shown HERG-blocking effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pilote
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
| | - Chantale Simard
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Benoit Drolet
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
St-Cyr Giguère F, Attiori Essis S, Chagniel L, Germain M, Cyr M, Massicotte G. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist SEW2871 reduces Tau-Ser262 phosphorylation in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res 2017; 1658:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Blinatumomab provoked fatal heart failure. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:42-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|