Alteration of serum immunoglobins, C-reactive protein, vitamin D, and electrolyte by atenolol and amlodipine in stress-induced hypertensive rats

Diazepam ameliorates altered proinflammatory and cardiac markers in stress exposed rats

Regular exposure to stress causes alteration in biochemical parameter but till date no specific medicine prescribed for controlling it. Current study aimed to determine the effect of Diazepam on proinflammatory and cardiac markers in stress exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups with six animals in each group for 90 days study. Group-1 served as a Normal Control (NC), Groups-2, as a Disease Control (DC), Group-3 as a Diazepam Control (DMC) and Group-4 as a Disease + Diazepam Treatment (DT). DMC and DT animals exposed to regular stress by forced swimming exercise method for 90 days. DMC and DT received 5 mg/kg, p.o the daily dose of Diazepam. At the end of the protocol, animals were sacrificed. The level of serum proinflammatory marker interleukin-6 in DC increased significantly (p < 0.001) while restored significantly (p < 0.001) in DT. Level of interleukin-10 in DC decreased significantly (p < 0.001) while restored significantly (p < 0.001) in DT. Level of fibrinogen was also increased by stress, which was restored significantly (p < 0.05) by diazepam. Increased level of Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) by stress was restored significantly (p < 0.05) by diazepam. The level of cortisol was increased also significantly (p < 0.001) and restored to normal by diazepam. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cholesterol was increased significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) by stress while restored significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) by diazepam. Findings from results suggest that diazepam ameliorates altered proinflammatory and cardiac markers in stress exposed rats.

Biochemical and toxicological effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunctions

•

Evaluation of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.

•

Alteration of cardiac biomarkers and ionic concentrations by stress.

•

Restoration of altered cardiac biomarkers and ionic concentrations by diazepam.

•

Restoration of architectures of cardiomyocytes by diazepam.

Diazepam is a medicine of the family benzodiazepine, used to treat various CNS disorders. To date, no study is available for biochemical analysis of diazepam in cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunctions in rats. Male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups with six animals in each group for 90 days of the experimental protocol. Group1 served as a Normal Control (NC), Groups 2, as a Disease Control (DC), Group 3 as a Diazepam Control (DIC), and Group 4 as a Disease + Diazepam Treatment (DDT). Disease Control and Disease + Diazepam Treatment animals exposed to regular stress by forced swimming exercise method for 3 months. Diazepam Control and Disease + Diazepam Treatment received 5 mg/kg/p.o the daily dose of diazepam. At the end of the protocol, animals were sacrificed, heart preserved, blood collected, and utilized for biochemical estimations. Heart weight was increased in DC as compared to NC. Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-MB (CPK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and troponin I (TnI) were significantly increased in DC as compared to NC. Heart tissue examined for histological changes. The altered serum levels of CPK, CPK-MB, LDH, hs-CRP, and TnI were significantly restored by the treatment of diazepam. Serum levels of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium was increased in DC animals as compared to NC. The altered ionic level was also restored by the treatment of diazepam. Level of various cardiac markers and ions in the plasma were also slightly elevated in DIC. Histopathological studies are also in agreement with serological examinations and bonafide cardioprotective influences of diazepam in cardiac dysfunction. Conclusively research findings endorse the cardioprotective effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.