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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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2
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Basheeruddin M, Khan S, Ahmed N, Jamal S. Effect of pH on Diclofenac–Lysozyme Interaction: Structural and Functional Aspect. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:872905. [PMID: 35898307 PMCID: PMC9309515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.872905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac (DCF) is used in the treatment of a variety of human ailments. It has already been reported that the use of this class of drugs for a longer duration is associated with numerous side effects such as cardiovascular implications, reno-medullary complications, etc. In the present study, the effect of DCF on the structure, stability, and function of lysozyme was studied. The study was designed to examine the effect of DCF only at various pH values. Heat-induced denaturation of lysozyme was analyzed in the presence and absence of various molar concentrations of DCF at different pH values. The values of thermodynamic parameters, the midpoint of denaturation (Tm), enthalpy change at Tm (ΔHm), constant pressure heat capacity change (ΔCp), and Gibbs energy change at 25°C (ΔGDo), thus obtained under a given set of conditions (pH and molar concentration of DCF), demonstrated the following 1) DCF destabilized lysozyme with respect of Tm and ΔGDo at all the pH values, 2) the magnitude of protein destabilization is lesser at acidic pH than at physiological pH, 3) structural changes in lysozyme are less projecting at pH 2.0 than at pH 7.0, and 4) quenching is observed at both pH values. Furthermore, the process of protein destabilization in the presence of DCF is entropically driven.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shazia Jamal
- *Correspondence: Shazia Jamal, , orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-9513
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Biophysical Insight into the Interaction of Human Lysozyme with Anticancer Drug Anastrozole: A Multitechnique Approach. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8363685. [PMID: 32908463 PMCID: PMC7468670 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8363685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we employ fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and molecular docking methods. Binding of anticancer drug anastrozole with human lysozyme (HL) is studied. Binding of anastrozole to HL is moderate but spontaneous. There is anastrozole persuaded hydrodynamic change in HL, leading to molecular compaction. Binding of anastrozole to HL also decreased in vitro lytic activity of HL. Molecular docking results suggest the electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces played key role in binding interaction of anastrozole near the catalytic site. Binding interaction of anastrozole to proteins other than major transport proteins in blood can significantly affect pharmacokinetics of this molecule. Hence, rationalizing drug dosage is important. This study also points to unrelated effects that small molecules bring in the body that are considerable and need thorough investigation.
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Delfi M, Leone S, Emendato A, Ami D, Borriello M, Natalello A, Iannuzzi C, Picone D. Understanding the self-assembly pathways of a single chain variant of monellin: A first step towards the design of sweet nanomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:21-29. [PMID: 32088237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins possess an inherent tendency to self-assemble, prompting the formation of amyloid aggregates from their soluble and functional states. Amyloids are linked to many devastating diseases, but self-assembling proteins can also represent formidable tools to produce new and sustainable biomaterials for biomedical and biotechnological applications. The mechanism of fibrillar aggregation, which influences the morphology and the properties of the protein aggregates, depend on factors such as pH, ionic strength, temperature, agitation, and protein concentration. We have here used intensive mechanical agitation, with or without beads, to prompt the aggregation of the single-chain derivative of the plant protein monellin, named MNEI, which is a well characterized sweet protein. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of fibrils several micrometers long, morphologically different from the previously characterized fibers of MNEI. Changes in the protein secondary structures during the aggregation process were monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which detected differences in the conformation of the final aggregates obtained under mechanical agitation. Moreover, soluble oligomers could be detected in the early phases of aggregation by polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. These findings emphasize the existence of multiple pathways of fibrillar aggregation for MNEI, which could be exploited for the design of innovative protein-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Emendato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Iannuzzi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Delia Picone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Mariño L, Ramis R, Casasnovas R, Ortega-Castro J, Vilanova B, Frau J, Adrover M. Unravelling the effect of N(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine on the conformation, dynamics and aggregation propensity of α-synuclein. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3332-3344. [PMID: 34122841 PMCID: PMC8157327 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) aggregation is a hallmark in several neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, Parkinson's disease is highlighted, characterized by the intraneuronal deposition of Lewy bodies (LBs) which causes the loss of dopaminergic neurons. αS is the main component of LBs and in them, it usually contains post-translational modifications. One of them is the formation of advanced glycation end-products (mainly CEL and MOLD) arising from its reaction with methylglyoxal. Despite its biological relevance, there are no data available proving the effect of glycation on the conformation of αS, nor on its aggregation mechanism. This has been hampered by the formation of a heterogeneous set of compounds that precluded conformational studies. To overcome this issue, we have here produced αS homogeneously glycated with CEL. Its use, together with different biophysical techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, allowed us to study for the first time the effect of glycation on the conformation of a protein. CEL extended the conformation of the N-terminal domain as a result of the loss of transient N-/C-terminal long-range contacts while increasing the heterogeneity of the conformational population. CEL also inhibited the αS aggregation, but it was not able to disassemble preexisting amyloid fibrils, thus proving that CEL found on LBs must be formed in a later event after aggregation. We study the effect of an advanced glycation end product (N(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine), found on the Lewy bodies of people suffering from Parkinson’s disease, on the conformational and aggregation features of alpha-synuclein.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mariño
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
| | - Rafael Ramis
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
| | - Juan Frau
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain +34 971 173426 +34 971 173491
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Donnarumma F, Leone S, Delfi M, Emendato A, Ami D, Laurents DV, Natalello A, Spadaccini R, Picone D. Probing structural changes during amyloid aggregation of the sweet protein MNEI. FEBS J 2019; 287:2808-2822. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Donnarumma
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples ‘Federico II’ Napoli Italy
| | - Serena Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples ‘Federico II’ Napoli Italy
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples ‘Federico II’ Napoli Italy
| | - Alessandro Emendato
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples ‘Federico II’ Napoli Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Italy
| | - Douglas V. Laurents
- Institute of Physical Chemistry ‘Rocasolano’ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid Spain
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Italy
| | - Roberta Spadaccini
- Department of Science and Technology Università degli Studi del Sannio Benevento Italy
| | - Delia Picone
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples ‘Federico II’ Napoli Italy
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Pinocembrin Protects from AGE-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Non-Enzymatic Glycation in Human Insulin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050385. [PMID: 31035509 PMCID: PMC6562854 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the end products of the glycation reaction and have a great importance in clinical science for their association with oxidative stress and inflammation, which play a major role in most chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Their pathogenic effects are generally induced by the interaction between AGEs and the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) on the cell surface, which triggers reactive oxygen species production, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) activation, and inflammation. Pinocembrin, the most abundant flavonoid in propolis, has been recently proven to interfere with RAGE activation in Aβ–RAGE-induced toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the ability of pinocembrin to interfere with RAGE signaling pathways activated by AGEs. Interestingly, pinocembrin was able to inhibit oxidative stress and NF-kB activation in cells exposed to AGEs. In addition, it was able to block caspase 3/7 and 9 activation, thus suggesting an active role of this molecule in counteracting AGE–RAGE-induced toxicity mediated by NF-kB signaling pathways. The ability of pinocembrin to affect the glycation reaction has been also tested. Our data suggest that pinocembrin might be a promising molecule in protecting from AGE-mediated pathogenesis.
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