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Sun J, Hu JR, Liu CF, Li Y, Wang W, Fu R, Guo M, Wang HL, Pang M. ANKRD49 promotes the metastasis of NSCLC via activating JNK-ATF2/c-Jun-MMP-2/9 axis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1108. [PMID: 37964204 PMCID: PMC10644579 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankyrin repeat domain 49 (ANKRD49) has been found to be highly expressed in multiple cancer including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). However, the function of ANKRD49 in the pathogenesis of NSCLC still remains elusive. Previously, ANKRD49 has been demonstrated to promote the invasion and metastasis of A549 cells, a LUAD cell line, via activating the p38-ATF-2-MMP2/MMP9 pathways. Considering the heterogeneity of tumor cells, the function and mechanism of ANKRD49 in NSCLC need more NSCLC-originated cells to clarify. METHODS Real-time qPCR was employed to test ANKRD49 expression levels in nine pairs of fresh NSCLC tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The function of ANKRD49 was investigated using overexpression and RNA interference assays in lung adenocarcinoma cell line (NCI-H1299) and lung squamous carcinoma cell line (NCI-H1703) through gelatin zymography, cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, migration and invasion assays mmunoprecipitation was performed to in vitro. Immunoprecipitation was performed to test the interaction of c-Jun and ATF2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was conducted to assess the transcriptional regulation of ATF2/c-Jun on MMP-2/9. Moreover, the tumorigenicity of ANKRD49 was evaluated in nude mice models and the involved signal molecular was also measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS We found that the levels of ANKRD49 in cancerous tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues. in vitro assay showed that ANKRD49 promoted the migration and invasion of NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells via enhancing the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, ANKRD49 elevated phosphorylation of JNK and then activated c-Jun and ATF2 which interact in nucleus to promote the binding of ATF2:c-Jun with the promoter MMP-2 or MMP-9. In vivo assay showed that ANKRD49 promoted lung metastasis of injected-NSCLC cells and the high metastatic rate was positively correlated with the high expression of ANKRD49, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-JNK, p-c-Jun and p-ATF2. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that ANKRD49 accelerated the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells via JNK-mediated transcription activation of c-Jun and ATF2 which regulated the expression of MMP-2/MMP-9. The molecular mechanisms of ANKRD49's function is different from those found in A549 cells. The current study is a supplement and improvement to the previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Changzhi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Jin-Rui Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Chao-Feng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine 1, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Min Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China.
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Li XY, Qin KR, Liu YH, Pang M, Huo YK, Yu BF, Wang HL. A Microarray Study on the Expression of ANKRD49 in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:418-424. [PMID: 35639405 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and identifying novel biomarkers that are involved in the progression of LUSC is important for prognosis and targeted treatment. Herein, ankyrin repeat domain 49 (ANKRD49) protein in LUSC versus paired noncancerous lung tissues was tested and its clinical significance was evaluated through χ 2 test, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. The results showed the ANKRD49 protein in LUSC was elevated and correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, and differentiation. Patients with higher ANKRD49 had lower overall survival rate and higher ANKRD49 expression in lung tissues may be used as an independent prognostic marker for LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Ke-Ru Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun-Kui Huo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
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Zhai X, Li XY, Wang YJ, Qin KR, Hu JR, Li MN, Wang HL, Guo R. Fancd2os Reduces Testosterone Production by Inhibiting Steroidogenic Enzymes and Promoting Cellular Apoptosis in Murine Testicular Leydig Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:533-546. [PMID: 35798552 PMCID: PMC9262688 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND It is well-established that serum testosterone in men decreases with age, yet the underlying mechanism of this change remains elusive. METHODS The expression patterns of Fancd2 opposite-strand (Fancd2os) in BALB/c male mice and testicular tissue derived cell lines (GC-1, GC-2, TM3, and TM4) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. The Fancd2os-overexpressing or knockdown TM3 cells were constructed by infecting them with lentivirus particles and were used to evaluated the function of Fancd2os. The testosterone production was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the steroidogenic enzymes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were analysed using RT-PCR. The apoptosis of TM3 cells induced by ultraviolet light or testicular tissues was detected using flow cytometry, Western blot or dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the Fancd2os expression and TUNEL-positive staining in mouse testicular Leydig cells. RESULTS The Fancd2os protein was predominantly expressed in mouse testicular Leydig cells and its expression increased with age. Fancd2os overexpression inhibited testosterone levels in TM3 Leydig cells, whereas knockdown of Fancd2os elevated testosterone production. Fancd2os overexpression downregulated the levels of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD, while Fancd2os knockdown reversed this effect. Fancd2os overexpression promoted ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis of TM3 cells. In contrast, Fancd2os knockdown restrained apoptosis in TM3 cells. In vivo assays revealed that higher Fancd2os levels and mouse age were associated with increased apoptosis in Leydig cells and decreased serum testosterone levels. Pearson correlation analysis exhibited a strong positive correlation between the expression of Fancd2os and TUNEL-positive staining in mouse testicular Leydig cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Fancd2os regulates testosterone synthesis via both steroidogenic enzymes and the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xin-yang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yu-jing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ke-ru Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jin-rui Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Mei-ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hai-long Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Corresponding authors: Hai-long Wang Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China Tel: +86-351-3985176, Fax: +86-351-3985176, E-mail:
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Rui Guo Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China Tel: +86-351-3985176, Fax: +86-351-3985176, E-mail:
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Qu J, Han Y, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Lu Y, Chen G, Jiang J, Qiu L, Gu A, Wang X. Perfluorooctane sulfonate interferes with non-genomic estrogen receptor signaling pathway, inhibits ERK1/2 activation and induces apoptosis in mouse spermatocyte-derived cells. Toxicology 2021; 460:152871. [PMID: 34303733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread persistent organic pollutant. Both epidemiological survey and our previous in vivo study have revealed the associations between PFOS exposure and spermatogenesis disorder, while the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. In the present study, GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line, was used to investigate the toxic effects of PFOS and its hypothetical mechanism of action. GC-2 cells were treated with PFOS (0, 50, 100 and 150 μM) for 24 h or 48 h. Results demonstrated that PFOS dose-dependently inhibited cell viability, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis, which might be partly explained by the decrease in cyclin D1, PCNA and Bcl-2 protein expression; increase in Bax protein expression; and activation of caspase-9, -3. In addition, PFOS did not directly transactivate or repress estrogen receptors (ERs) in gene reporter assays, whereas the protein levels of both ERα and ERβ were significantly altered and the downstream ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by PFOS. Furthermore, pretreatment with specific ERα agonist PPT (1 μM) significantly attenuated the above PFOS-induced effects while specific ERβ agonist DPN (1 μM) accelerated them. These results suggest that PFOS may induce growth inhibition and apoptosis via non-genomic estrogen receptor/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in GC-2 cells, which provides a novel insight regarding the potential role of ERs in mediating PFOS-triggered spermatocyte toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Yu Han
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
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