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Li S, Xu Z, Zhang S, Sun H, Qin X, Zhu L, Jiang T, Zhou J, Yan F, Deng Q. Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke: from brain to periphery. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:116-129. [PMID: 38767481 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. Accurate predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined. With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis, many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models. Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes, leading to neuroprotection or deterioration, thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. In particular, ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs (microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs) in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke-induced brain damage, as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaohan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chen B, Xu Y, Tian F, Liu Y, Yi J, Ouyang Y, Zeng F, Peng Y, Liu B. Buyang Huanwu decoction promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia through modulating caveolin-1-mediated exosome MALAT1/YAP1/HIF-1α axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155609. [PMID: 38677273 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is an effective method for promoting neurological function recovery after cerebral ischemia (CI). Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe that is frequently employed for CI treatment. Previous investigations have validated that it promotes angiogenesis following CI. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which it does this has yet to be completely understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the underlying mechanism through which BHD facilitates angiogenesis following CI by regulating the exosomal MALAT1/YAP1/HIF-1α signaling axis, specifically via the involvement of caveolin-1 (Cav1), an endocytosis-associated protein. METHODS A CI model was created using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Following the administration of multiple doses of BHD, various parameters, including the neurobehavioral score, pathological damage, and angiogenesis, were assessed in each group of mice to identify the optimal dosage of BHD for treating CI. The molecular processes underlying the angiogenic implications of BHD following CI were investigated exhaustively by employing single-cell sequencing. Finally, the involvement of Cav1 was confirmed in Cav1 knockout mice and Cav1-silenced stably transfected strains to validate the mechanism by which BHD increases angiogenesis following CI. RESULTS BHD could promote angiogenesis after CI. Single-cell sequencing results suggested that its potential mechanism of action might be connected with Cav1 and the exosomal MALAT1/YAP1/HIF-1α signaling axis. BHD could promote angiogenesis after CI by regulating the exosomal MALAT1/YAP1/HIF-1α axis through Cav1, as validated in vivo and in vitro experiments. Accordingly, Cav1 may be a key target of BHD in promoting angiogenesis after CI. CONCLUSION This investigation represents the initial attempt to comprehensively ascertain the underlying mechanism of action of BHD in treating CI using single-cell sequencing, gene-knockout mice, and stable transfected cell lines, potentially associated with the modulation of the exosomal MALAT1/YAP1/HIF-1α axis by Cav1. Our findings offer novel empirical evidence for unraveling the regulatory pathways through which Cav1 participates in angiogenesis following CI and shed light on the potential mechanisms of BHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Chen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yaqian Xu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Fengming Tian
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Yin Ouyang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Fanzuo Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yanmei Peng
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Baiyan Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410006, China.
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Slawski J, Jaśkiewicz M, Barton A, Kozioł S, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. Regulation of the HIF switch in human endothelial and cancer cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151386. [PMID: 38262137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that reprogram the transcriptome for cells to survive hypoxic insults and oxidative stress. They are important during embryonic development and reprogram the cells to utilize glycolysis when the oxygen levels are extremely low. This metabolic change facilitates normal cell survival as well as cancer cell survival. The key feature in survival is the transition between acute hypoxia and chronic hypoxia, and this is regulated by the transition between HIF-1 expression and HIF-2/HIF-3 expression. This transition is observed in many human cancers and endothelial cells and referred to as the HIF Switch. Here we discuss the mechanisms involved in the HIF Switch in human endothelial and cancer cells which include mRNA and protein levels of the alpha chains of the HIFs. A major continuing effort in this field is directed towards determining the differences between normal and tumor cell utilization of this important pathway, and how this could lead to potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- International Research Agenda 3P, Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Barton
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kozioł
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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4
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Yu F, Duan Y, Liu C, Huang H, Xiao X, He Z. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification: the versatile non-coding RNAs from endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193660. [PMID: 37469665 PMCID: PMC10352799 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. Vascular calcification (VC), the deposition of calcium and phosphate within the arterial wall, is an important characteristic of AS natural history. However, medial arterial calcification (MAC) differs from intimal calcification and cannot simply be explained as the consequence of AS. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are directly involved in AS and VC processes. Understanding the communication between ECs and VSMCs is critical in revealing mechanisms underlying AS and VC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found as intercellular messengers in kinds of physiological processes and pathological progression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) encapsulated in EVs are involved in AS and VC, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The effects of ncRNAs have not been comprehensively understood, especially encapsulated in EVs. Some ncRNAs have demonstrated significant roles in AS and VC, but it remains unclear the functions of the majority ncRNAs detected in EVs. In this review, we summarize ncRNAs encapsulated in EC-EVs and VSMC-EVs, and the signaling pathways that are involved in AS and VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chongmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangxiu He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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5
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Ren ZL, Kang XD, Zheng YX, Shi HF, Chen CA, Shi YY, Wang QG, Cheng FF, Wang XQ, Li CX. Emerging effects of non-coding RNA in vascular endothelial cells during strokes. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 150:107169. [PMID: 37059212 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular and neurological damage are the typical outcomes of ischemic strokes. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs), a substantial component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are necessary for normal cerebrovascular physiology. During an ischemic stroke (IS), changes in the brain endothelium can lead to a BBB rupture, inflammation, and vasogenic brain edema, and VECs are essential for neurotrophic effects and angiogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) are endogenous molecules, and brain ischemia quickly changes the expression patterns of several non-coding RNA types, such as microRNA (miRNA/miR), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Furthermore, vascular endothelium-associated nc-RNAs are important mediators in the maintenance of healthy cerebrovascular function. In order to better understand how VECs are regulated epigenetically during an IS, in this review, we attempted to assemble the molecular functions of nc-RNAs that are linked with VECs during an IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lin Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Kang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han-Fen Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong-Ai Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu-Yu Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Guo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fa-Feng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xue-Qian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chang-Xiang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Yang M, Wu Y, Yang XB, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zhuo Y, Luo Y, Zhang N. Establishing a prediction model of severe acute mountain sickness using machine learning of support vector machine recursive feature elimination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4633. [PMID: 36944699 PMCID: PMC10030784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute mountain sickness (sAMS) can be life-threatening, but little is known about its genetic basis. The study was aimed to explore the genetic susceptibility of sAMS for the purpose of prediction, using microarray data from 112 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of 21 subjects, who were exposed to very high altitude (5260 m), low barometric pressure (406 mmHg), and hypobaric hypoxia (VLH) at various timepoints. We found that exposure to VLH activated gene expression in leukocytes, resulting in an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio that interacted with other phenotypic risk factors at the genetic level. A total of 2286 underlying risk genes were input into the support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) system for machine learning, and a model with satisfactory predictive accuracy and clinical applicability was established for sAMS screening using ten featured genes with significant predictive power. Five featured genes (EPHB3, DIP2B, RHEBL1, GALNT13, and SLC8A2) were identified upstream of hypoxia- and/or inflammation-related pathways mediated by microRNAs as potential biomarkers for sAMS. The established prediction model of sAMS holds promise for clinical application as a genetic screening tool for sAMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xing-Biao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
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7
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Zeng H, Chen YX. MiR-19b-3p Inhibits Hypoxia-Ischemia Encephalopathy by Inhibiting SOX6 Expression via Activating Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:874-884. [PMID: 36369428 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a detrimental factor in infant death and chronic disease. The specific pathogenesis is not entirely clear. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of HIE is critical. The expression of miR-19b-3p and SOX6 in umbilical blood of HIE patients was detected by qRT-PCR assay. HT22 cells were triggered with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to construct the HIE cell model. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to estimate viability. SOD and MDA levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was implemented to ascertain neurocyte apoptosis. Cellular β-catenin immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of β-catenin protein. Wnt signaling pathway activation was detected by TOPFlash/FOPFlash luciferase reporter assay. The targeting correlation of SOX6 and miR-19b-3p was corroborated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay. MiR-19b-3p expression was once down-regulated, whilst SOX6 expression was up-regulated in HIE patients. MiR-19b-3p overexpression promoted cell proliferation, repressed cell apoptosis, oxidative stress response, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in OGD/R-triggered HT22 cells. MiR-19b-3p negatively regulated SOX6 expression. SOX6 knockdown improved OGD/R-triggered HT22 cells injury via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. MiR-19b-3p overexpression suppressed OGD/R-triggered HT22 cell injury via inhibiting SOX6 expression via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xia Chen
- Department of Neontal Development, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, No. 187, Guanlan Avenue, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs Regulate AKT and Its Effectors to Control Cell Functions of Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192940. [PMID: 36230902 PMCID: PMC9563963 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) and its effectors are essential for maintaining cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis (fission/fusion), ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response (damage and repair), senescence, and migration of cancer cells. Several lncRNAs and circRNAs also regulate the expression of these functions by numerous pathways. However, the impact on cell functions by lncRNAs and circRNAs regulating AKT and its effectors is poorly understood. This review provides comprehensive information about the relationship of lncRNAs and circRNAs with AKT on the cell functions of cancer cells. the roles of several lncRNAs and circRNAs acting on AKT effectors, such as FOXO, mTORC1/2, S6K1/2, 4EBP1, SREBP, and HIF are explored. To further validate the relationship between AKT, AKT effectors, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, more predicted AKT- and AKT effector-targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs were retrieved from the LncTarD and circBase databases. Consistently, using an in-depth literature survey, these AKT- and AKT effector-targeting database lncRNAs and circRNAs were related to cell functions. Therefore, some lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate several cell functions through modulating AKT and AKT effectors. This review provides insights into a comprehensive network of AKT and AKT effectors connecting to lncRNAs and circRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell functions.
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9
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Tong Y, Zhou Z, Tang J, Feng Q. MiR-29b-3p Inhibits the Inflammation Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Regulating SEC23A. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2000-2014. [PMID: 35190931 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of miR-29b-3p on the inflammation injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explore the underlying mechanisms. The effects of different concentrations of LPS (0, 1, 5 and 10 μg/mL) on inflammation injury in HUVECs are detected by ELISA, CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry and western blot analyses to determine the optimal stimulus concentration. After stimulating HUVECs with 10 μg/mL LPS, the expression levels of miR-29b-3p are detected, and the effects of miR-29b-3p on inflammation injury are detected by ELISA, CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry and western blot analyses. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay and confirmatory experiments are applied to identify the target gene bound with miR-29b-3p. Rescue experiments have verified the roles of miR-29b-3p and the target gene in inflammation injury. We found that pro-inflammatory factor was increased, apoptosis was promoted, and cell proliferation was inhibited after the treatment of LPS in HUVECs. Overexpression of miR-29b-3p inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis while promoting proliferation in HUVECs. Besides, bioinformatics analysis indicated that SEC23A was the target gene of miR-29b-3p and the confirmatory experiments showed that SEC23A was negatively correlated with miR-29b-3p and positively correlated with LPS concentration. Rescue experiments revealed that overexpression of SEC23A partially enhanced the inflammation injury effects in LPS-induced HUVECs with overexpression of miR-29b-3p. Hence, miR-29b-3p repressed inflammatory response, cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation in LPS-induced HUVECs by targeting SEC23A, providing a potential target for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Tong
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Qiming Feng
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Regulatory RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) control vascular and immune cells' phenotype and thus play a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Moreover, the mutual interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs link both types of regulatory RNAs in a functional network that affects lesion formation. In this review, we deduce novel concepts of atherosclerosis from the analysis of the current data on regulatory RNAs' role in endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages. In contrast to arterial ECs, which adopt a stable phenotype by adaptation to high shear stress, macrophages are highly plastic and quickly change their activation status. At predilection sites of atherosclerosis, such as arterial bifurcations, ECs are exposed to disturbed laminar flow, which generates a dysadaptive stress response mediated by miRNAs. Whereas the highly abundant miR-126-5p promotes regenerative proliferation of dysadapted ECs, miR-103-3p stimulates inflammatory activation and impairs endothelial regeneration by aberrant proliferation and micronuclei formation. In macrophages, miRNAs are essential in regulating energy and lipid metabolism, which affects inflammatory activation and foam cell formation.Moreover, lipopolysaccharide-induced miR-155 and miR-146 shape inflammatory macrophage activation through their oppositional effects on NF-kB. Most lncRNAs are not conserved between species, except a small group of very long lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, which blocks numerous miRNAs by providing non-functional binding sites. In summary, regulatory RNAs' roles are highly context-dependent, and therapeutic approaches that target specific functional interactions of miRNAs appear promising against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Saffiyeh Saboor Maleki
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Wang J, Cao X, Deng S, Wang B, Feng J, Meng F, Xu H, Wang S, Zao X, Li H, Ye Y. Effect of liver cirrhosis on erectile function in rats: A study combining bioinformatics analysis and experimental research. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14352. [PMID: 34921688 DOI: 10.1111/and.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism through which liver cirrhosis (LC) causes erectile dysfunction (ED). Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the potential signalling pathways in LC-induced ED, and N-nitrosodiethylamine was used to establish a rat model of LC. H&E staining, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect pathological tissue damage and changes in mRNA and protein expression levels. In addition, the expression levels of sex hormones such as estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were measured. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway was an important pathway in our bioinformatics prediction. Pathological damages were detected in the liver and penile tissues of the model rats. Compared with the normal group's serum hormone levels, E2 and PRL were increased in LC rats, while T was decreased (p < 0.01). The mRNA and protein expression results from penis tissues showed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were both downregulated, and HIF-1α was upregulated in the model group compared to the normal group (p < 0.01). These data suggest that LC hinders erectile function and causes histopathological changes in the penis by affecting the expression of HIF-1α, eNOS, iNOS, E2, PRL and T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junlong Feng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Xu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haisong Li
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang C, Yang D, Xu C, Duan H. MicroRNA-139-5p inhibits vascular endothelial cell viability and serves as a diagnostic biomarker in acute myocardial infarction patients. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111453. [PMID: 34144190 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality, and microRNA-139-5p (miR-139-5p) has been reported to be closely related with myocardial viability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-139-5p on vascular endothelial cells, detect miR-139-5p expression in AMI patients and evaluate its diagnostic value. METHODS A dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to confirm the interaction of miR-139-5p with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the levels of miR-139-5p and VEGFR-1 in serum and cells. The viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The correlation between miR-139-5p and VEGFR-1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The diagnostic value of miR-139-5p, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) was identified by receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS miR-139-5p suppressed cell viability by directly targeting VEGFR-1 in HUVECs. Increased miR-139-5p and decreased VEGFR-1 levels were found in AMI patients and hypoxia-treated HUVECs, and miR-139-5p and VEGFR-1 were shown to be negatively correlated. The diagnostic value of miR-139-5p for AMI screening was high, and the combination of cTnI, CK-MB and miR-139-5p had the highest diagnostic accuracy. miR-139-5p inhibited cell viability by inhibiting VEGFR-1 in hypoxia-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSION miR-139-5p inhibits endothelial cell viability of AMI by inhibiting VEGFR-1, and increased miR-139-5p expression in AMI patients has high diagnostic value for AMI screening, indicating that miR-139-5p may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Wang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Jiaozhou 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Jiaozhou 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Endoscopy Room, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Jiaozhou 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Duan
- Functional Section, Jiaozhou People's Hospital, Jiaozhou 266300, Shandong, China.
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13
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Chen J, Liu P, Dong X, Jin J, Xu Y. The role of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105019. [PMID: 33905763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the narrow therapeutic time window of the only two approved therapies, intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. The pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke are driven by multiple complex molecular and cellular interactions that ultimately induce brain damage and neurobehavioral impairment. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are significantly altered in the blood and brains of ischemic stroke patients and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of stroke, which serve as potential targets for stroke interventions. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discuss the opportunities and challenges for the clinical application of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Yu TT, Xu QF, Li SY, Huang HJ, Dugan S, Shao L, Roggenbuck JA, Liu XT, Liu HZ, Hirsch BA, Yue S, Liu C, Cheng SY. Deletion at an 1q24 locus reveals a critical role of long noncoding RNA DNM3OS in skeletal development. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:47. [PMID: 33653390 PMCID: PMC7923828 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal development and maintenance are complex processes known to be coordinated by multiple genetic and epigenetic signaling pathways. However, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of crucial epigenetic regulatory molecules, has been under explored in skeletal biology. RESULTS Here we report a young patient with short stature, hypothalamic dysfunction and mild macrocephaly, who carries a maternally inherited 690 kb deletion at Chr.1q24.2 encompassing a noncoding RNA gene, DNM3OS, embedded on the opposite strand in an intron of the DYNAMIN 3 (DNM3) gene. We show that lncRNA DNM3OS sustains the proliferation of chondrocytes independent of two co-cistronic microRNAs miR-199a and miR-214. We further show that nerve growth factor (NGF), a known factor of chondrocyte growth, is a key target of DNM3OS-mediated control of chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that DNM3OS is essential for preventing premature differentiation of chondrocytes required for bone growth through endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Fan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Sarah Dugan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI, 55404, USA
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jennifer A Roggenbuck
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Ze Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Betsy A Hirsch
- University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview, Minneapolis, MI, 55404, USA
| | - Shen Yue
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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15
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Li Z, Ma Y, Zhou F, Jia X, Zhan J, Tan H, Wang X, Yang T, Liu Q. Identification of MicroRNA-Potassium Channel Messenger RNA Interactions in the Brain of Rats With Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:610090. [PMID: 33597846 PMCID: PMC7882489 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.610090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulated expression of microRNAs and potassium channels have been reported for their contributions to seizure onset. However, the microRNA–potassium channel gene interactions in traumatic brain injury-induced post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) remain unknown. Methods: PTE was induced in male rats by intracranial injection with ferrous chloride (0.1 mol/L, 1 μl/min) at the right frontal cortex. Electroencephalography was recorded at 60 min, as well as day 1, 7, and 30, and the behavioral seizures were assessed before injection and at different time points after injection. Rats were killed on day 30 after injection. The right frontal cortex samples were collected and subjected to high throughput messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA sequencing. A network of differentially expressed potassium channel mRNAs and microRNAs was constructed using OryCun2.0 and subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The differential mRNA and microRNA expressions were verified using quantitative real-time-PCR. The microRNA–mRNA was subject to the Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A PTE rat model was successfully established, as evidenced by behavioral seizures and epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography in PTE rats compared with sham rats. Among the 91 mRNAs and 40 microRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in the PTE rat brain, 4 mRNAs and 10 microRNAs were associated with potassium channels. Except for potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2, the other three potassium channel mRNAs were negatively correlated with seven microRNAs. These microRNA–mRNA pairs were enriched in annotations and pathways related to neuronal ion channels and neuroinflammation. Quantitative real-time-PCR and correlation analysis verified negative correlations in miR-449a-5p-KCNH2, miR-98-5p-KCNH2, miR-98-5p-KCNK15, miR-19b-3p-KCNK15, and miR-301a-3p-KCNK15 pairs. Conclusion: We identified microRNA–potassium channel mRNA interactions associated with PTE, providing potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Yixun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Huachao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Hubei University of Police, Wuhan, China
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Zhou X, Liu J, Yang S, Su Y, Meng Z, Hu Y. Ketamine ameliorates hypoxia-induced endothelial injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1865. [PMID: 32935825 PMCID: PMC7470431 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoxia leads to endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and damage, which plays an important role in the complications associated with ischemic cardiovascular disease. As an oxidoreductase, p66Shc plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Ketamine is widely used in clinics. This study was designed to assess the potential protective effect of ketamine against hypoxia-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, we explored the potential mechanism by which ketamine protected against hypoxia-induced endothelial injury. METHODS The protective effects of ketamine against hypoxia-induced injury was assessed using cell viability and adhesion assays, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Our data showed that hypoxia reduced HUVEC viability, increased the adhesion between HUVECs and monocytes, and upregulated the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules at the protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, hypoxia increased ROS accumulation and upregulated p66Shc expression. Furthermore, hypoxia downregulated sirt1 expression in HUVECs. Alternatively, ketamine was shown to reverse the hypoxia-mediated reduction of cell viability and increase in the adhesion between HUVECs and monocytes, ameliorate hypoxia-induced ROS accumulation, and suppress p66Shc expression. Moreover, EX527, a sirt1 inhibitor, reversed the protective effects of ketamine against the hypoxia-mediated reduction of cell viability and increase in adhesion between HUVECs and monocytes. CONCLUSION Ketamine reduces hypoxia-induced p66Shc expression and attenuates ROS accumulation via upregulating sirt1 in HUVECs, thus attenuating hypoxia-induced endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyi Yang
- Affiliated Central Hospital, HuZhou University, Emergency Department of Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanguang Su
- Anesthesiology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Anesthesiology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Anesthesiology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
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