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Fei X, Liu J, Xu J, Jing H, Cai Z, Yan J, Wu Z, Li H, Wang Z, Shen Y. Integrating spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the alterations in epithelial cells during nodular formation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:380. [PMID: 38654277 PMCID: PMC11036735 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferative nodular formation represents a characteristic pathological feature of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and serves as the primary cause for prostate volume enlargement and consequent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Its specific mechanism is largely unknown, although several cellular processes have been reported to be involved in BPH initiation and development and highlighted the crucial role of epithelial cells in proliferative nodular formation. However, the technological limitations hinder the in vivo investigation of BPH patients. METHODS The robust cell type decomposition (RCTD) method was employed to integrate spatial transcriptomics and single cell RNA sequencing profiles, enabling the elucidation of epithelial cell alterations during nodular formation. Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining was performed for verification. RESULTS The alterations of epithelial cells during the formation of nodules in BPH was observed, and a distinct subgroup of basal epithelial (BE) cells, referred to as BE5, was identified to play a crucial role in driving this progression through the hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. BE5 served as both the initiating cell during nodular formation and the transitional cell during the transformation from luminal epithelial (LE) to BE cells. A distinguishing characteristic of the BE5 cell subgroup in patients with BPH was its heightened hypoxia and upregulated expression of FOS. Histological verification results confirmed a significant association between c-Fos expression and key biological processes such as hypoxia and cell proliferation, as well as the close relationship between hypoxia and EMT in BPH tissues. Furthermore, a strong link between c-Fos expression and the progression of BPH was also been validated. Additionally, notable functional differences were observed in glandular and stromal nodules regarding BE5 cells, with BE5 in glandular nodules exhibiting enhanced capacities for EMT and cell proliferation characterized by club-like cell markers. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the comprehensive landscape of epithelial cells during in vivo nodular formation in patients, thereby offering novel insights into the initiation and progression of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Fei
- Department of Urology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Jican Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Xu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Yan
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Department of Urology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanting Shen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Kwon H, Jin BR, Yoo S, Kim HJ, Hwang BY, Guo Y, Yim JH, Kim IC, Shim SH, An HJ, Lee D. New fusidane-type nortriterpenoids from the Arctic marine-derived fungus Simplicillium lamellicola culture medium with their inhibitory effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107070. [PMID: 38190796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Three new fusidane-type nortriterpenoids, simplifusinolide A, 24-epi simplifusinolide A, and simplifusidic acid L (1-3), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the Arctic marine-derived fungus Simplicillium lamellicola culture medium, together with fusidic acid (4) and 16-O-deacetylfusicid acid (5). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-3 were established by the quantum mechanical calculations of electronic circular dichroism and gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shifts, followed by DP4 + analysis. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major urological disorder in men worldwide. The anti-BPH potentials of the isolated compounds were evaluated using BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells. Treatment with simplifusidic acid L (3) and fusidic acid (4) significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of the androgen receptor (AR) and its downstream effectors, inhibiting the proliferation of BPH-1 cells. Specifically, treatment with 24-epi simplifusinolide A (2) significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of both BPH-1 and DHT-stimulated WPMY-1 cells by inhibiting AR signaling. These results suggest the potential of 24-epi simplifusinolide A (2), simplifusidic acid L (3) and fusidic acid (4) as alternative agents for BPH treatment by targeting AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Kwon
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sori Yoo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Li H, Madnick S, Zhao H, Hall S, Amin A, Dent MP, Boekelheide K. A novel co-culture model of human prostate epithelial and stromal cells for androgenic and antiandrogenic screening. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 91:105624. [PMID: 37230229 PMCID: PMC10527365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) greatly relies on in vitro screening. A 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro prostate model that can reflect physiologically-relevant prostate epithelial and stromal crosstalk can significantly advance the current androgen assessment. This study built a prostate epithelial and stromal co-culture microtissue model with BHPrE and BHPrS cells in scaffold-free hydrogels. The optimal 3D co-culture condition was defined, and responses of the microtissue to androgen (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and anti-androgen (flutamide) exposure were characterized using molecular and image profiling techniques. The co-culture prostate microtissue maintained a stable structure for up to seven days and presented molecular and morphological features of the early developmental stage of the human prostate. The cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) immunohistochemical staining indicated epithelial heterogeneity and differentiation in these microtissues. The prostate-related gene expression profiling did not efficiently differentiate androgen and anti-androgen exposure. However, a cluster of distinctive 3D image features was identified and could be applied in the androgenic and anti-androgenic effect prediction. Overall, the current study established a co-culture prostate model that provided an alternative strategy for (anti-)androgenic EDC safety assessment and highlighted the potential and advantage of utilizing image features to predict endpoints in chemical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Samantha Madnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susan Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ali Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew P Dent
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Yang L, Wang J, Gong X, Fan Q, Yang X, Cui Y, Gao X, Li L, Sun X, Li Y, Wang Y. Emerging Roles for LGR4 in Organ Development, Energy Metabolism and Carcinogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 12:728827. [PMID: 35140734 PMCID: PMC8819683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) belonging to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, had various regulatory roles at multiple cellular types and numerous targeting sites, and aberrant LGR4 signaling played crucial roles in diseases and carcinogenesis. On the basis of these facts, LGR4 may become an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases and tumors. However, a comprehensive investigation of its functions and applications was still lacking. Hence, this paper provided an overview of the molecular characteristics and signaling mechanisms of LGR4, its involvement in multiple organ development and participation in the modulation of immunology related diseases, metabolic diseases, and oxidative stress damage along with cancer progression. Given that GPCRs accounted for almost a third of current clinical drug targets, the in-depth understanding of the sophisticated connections of LGR4 and its ligands would not only enrich their regulatory networks, but also shed new light on designing novel molecular targeted drugs and small molecule blockers for revolutionizing the treatment of various diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Cui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Li, ; Yudong Wang,
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Li, ; Yudong Wang,
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Wang K, Huang D, Zhou P, Su X, Yang R, Shao C, Wu J. BPA-induced prostatic hyperplasia in vitro is correlated with the unbalanced gene expression of AR and ER in the epithelium and stroma. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:585-593. [PMID: 34486460 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211042986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a typical environmental endocrine disruptor (EED), bisphenol A (BPA) can induce pathological hyperplasia of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. This study concentrates mainly on the effect and underlying mechanisms of BPA on prostatic hyperplasia, which is based on the culture of primary human prostate epithelial cells (HPEpiC) and human prostate fibroblasts (HPrF). In an effect to screen the optimal pro-survival BPA levels, HPEpiC and HPrF were, respectively, exposed to concentration gradients of BPA (10-12 M-10-4 M) solution diluted with two corresponding medium and incubated for 72 h at 37°C. CCK-8 assay showed that 10-9 M-10-5 M BPA could facilitate the proliferation of HPEpiC, while similar proliferative effect of HPrF only needed 10-11 M-10-7 M BPA. HPrF were more sensitive to BPA than HPEpiC. The qualification of PCNA gene expression measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) also mirrored the BPA-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, our results considered that androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ), and NFKB1 gene expressions exhibited up-regulation in HPEpiC treated with 10-9 M BPA for 72 h. However, in HPrF, the identical BPA treatment could activate ERα, ERβ, and NFKB1 gene expressions and down-regulated the expression of AR levels. It is further confirmed that low-dose BPA can indeed promote the proliferation of human prostate cells in vitro, and the mechanisms of BPA for prostatic epithelial and stromal hyperplasia may not be consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Wang
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Su
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfu Yang
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Shao
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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