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Zhang G, Huang C, Wang R, Guo J, Qin Y, Lv S. Chondroprotective effects of Apolipoprotein D in knee osteoarthritis mice through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112005. [PMID: 38626543 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) has not been fully elucidated, targeted treatments are lacking. In this study, we assessed the role and underlying mechanism apolipoprotein D (APOD) on the development of OA. METHODS To establish an in vitro OA model, we extracted primary chondrocytes from the cartilage of C57BL/6 mice and stimulated the chondrocytes with IL-1β. After APOD intervention or incubation with an overexpressing plasmid, we detected inflammatory-related markers using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. To detect apoptosis and autophagy-related markers, we used flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, we measured the level of oxidative stress. We also used RNA-seq to identify the APOD-regulated downstream signaling pathways. We used an in vivo mice OA model of the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and administered intra-articular adenovirus overexpressing APOD. To examine cartilage damage severity, we used immunohistochemical analysis (IHC), micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Safranin O-fast green staining. RESULTS Our results showed that APOD inhibited chondrocyte inflammation, degeneration, and apoptosis induced by IL-1β. Additionally, APOD reversed autophagy inhibition and oxidative stress and also blocked activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway induced by IL-1β. Finally, overexpression of the APOD gene through adenovirus was sufficient to mitigate OA progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that APOD had a chondroprotective role in OA progression by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Future Medical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiangrong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Songcen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Lin Y, Jiang S, Su J, Xie W, Rahmati M, Wu Y, Yang S, Ru Q, Li Y, Deng Z. Novel insights into the role of ubiquitination in osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112026. [PMID: 38583240 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination (Ub) and deubiquitination are crucial post-translational modifications (PTMs) that precisely regulate protein degradation. Under the catalysis of a cascade of E1-E2-E3 ubiquitin enzymes, ubiquitination extensively regulates protein degradation exerting direct impact on various cellular processes, while deubiquitination opposes the effect of ubiquitination and prevents proteins from degradation. Notably, such dynamic modifications have been widely investigated to be implicated in cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and so on. Therefore, dysregulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination could lead to certain diseases through abnormal protein accumulation and clearance. Increasing researches have revealed that the dysregulation of catalytic regulators of ubiquitination and deubiquitination triggers imbalance of cartilage homeostasis that promotes osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Hence, it is now believed that targeting on Ub enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) would provide potential therapeutic pathways. In the following sections, we will summarize the biological role of Ub enzymes and DUBs in the development and progression of OA by focusing on the updating researches, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of OA pathogenesis concerning ubiquitination and deubiquitination, so as to explore novel potential therapeutic targets of OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shide Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, 425000, China
| | - Jingyue Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Shengwu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Qiu L, Sun Y, Ning H, Chen G, Zhao W, Gao Y. The scaffold protein AXIN1: gene ontology, signal network, and physiological function. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:77. [PMID: 38291457 PMCID: PMC10826278 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AXIN1, has been initially identified as a prominent antagonist within the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and subsequently unveiled its integral involvement across a diverse spectrum of signaling cascades. These encompass the WNT/β-catenin, Hippo, TGFβ, AMPK, mTOR, MAPK, and antioxidant signaling pathways. The versatile engagement of AXIN1 underscores its pivotal role in the modulation of developmental biological signaling, maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and coordination of cellular stress responses. The multifaceted functionalities of AXIN1 render it as a compelling candidate for targeted intervention in the realms of degenerative pathologies, systemic metabolic disorders, cancer therapeutics, and anti-aging strategies. This review provides an intricate exploration of the mechanisms governing mammalian AXIN1 gene expression and protein turnover since its initial discovery, while also elucidating its significance in the regulation of signaling pathways, tissue development, and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we have introduced the innovative concept of the AXIN1-Associated Phosphokinase Complex (AAPC), where the scaffold protein AXIN1 assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating site-specific phosphorylation modifications through interactions with various phosphokinases and their respective substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haoming Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Sui J, Dai F, Shi J, Zhou C. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 25 exacerbated osteoarthritis progression through facilitating TXNIP ubiquitination and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:762. [PMID: 37814350 PMCID: PMC10561454 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several members of the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) family have been revealed to regulate the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The current study aimed to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of USP25 in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes and OA rat model. It was discovered that IL-1β stimulation upregulated USP25, increased ROS level, and suppressed cell viability in rat chondrocytes. Besides, USP25 knockdown alleviated IL-1β-induced injury by decreasing ROS level, attenuating pyroptosis, and downregulating the expression of IL-18, NLRP3, GSDMD-N, active caspase-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13. Furthermore, we discovered that USP25 affected the IL-1β-induced injury in chondrocytes in a ROS-dependent manner. Moreover, USP25 was revealed to interact with TXNIP, and USP25 knockdown increased the ubiquitination of TXNIP. The pro-OA effect of USP25 abundance could be overturned by TXNIP suppression in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Finally, in vivo experiment results showed that USP25 inhibition alleviated cartilage destruction in OA rats. In conclusion, we demonstrated that USP25 stimulated the overproduction of ROS to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome via regulating TXNIP, resulting in increased pyroptosis and inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 55 Heping North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 55 Heping North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiusheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 55 Heping North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 55 Heping North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xiao SQ, Cheng M, Wang L, Cao J, Fang L, Zhou XP, He XJ, Hu YF. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023:10.1007/s00264-023-05847-1. [PMID: 37294429 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis is an important physiological process, making a great difference to development and tissue homeostasis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage and bone hyperplasia. This purpose of this study is to provide an updated review of the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature on osteoarthritis and apoptosis was performed, which mainly focused on the regulatory factors and signaling pathways associated with chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis and other pathogenic mechanisms involved in chondrocyte apoptosis. RESULTS Inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Fas are closely related to chondrocyte apoptosis. NF-κB signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Notch signaling pathway activate proteins and gene targets that promote or inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis disease, including chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (microRNAs) have gradually replaced single and localized research methods and become the main research approaches. In addition, the relationship between cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis was also briefly explained. CONCLUSION This review offers a better molecular delineation of apoptotic processes that may help in designing new therapeutic options for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Jin He
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zheng C, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang X, Lin Y, Shu L, Liu W, Wang P. Elucidating the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in osteoarthritis progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217466. [PMID: 37359559 PMCID: PMC10288844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is non-inflammatory degenerative joint arthritis, which exacerbates disability in elder persons. The molecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis are elusive. Ubiquitination, one type of post-translational modifications, has been demonstrated to accelerate or ameliorate the development and progression of osteoarthritis via targeting specific proteins for ubiquitination and determining protein stability and localization. Ubiquitination process can be reversed by a class of deubiquitinases via deubiquitination. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the multifaceted role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. We also describe the molecular insight of deubiquitinases into osteoarthritis processes. Moreover, we highlight the multiple compounds that target E3 ubiquitin ligases or deubiquitinases to influence osteoarthritis progression. We discuss the challenge and future perspectives via modulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases expression for enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy in osteoarthritis patients. We conclude that modulating ubiquitination and deubiquitination could alleviate the osteoarthritis pathogenesis to achieve the better treatment outcomes in osteoarthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongan Lin
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilu Shu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Wu Z, Yang Z, Liu L, Xiao Y. Natural compounds protect against the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by mediating the NRF2/ARE signaling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188215. [PMID: 37324450 PMCID: PMC10266108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint cartilage disease, is characterized by the imbalanced homeostasis between anabolism and catabolism. Oxidative stress contributes to inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and chondrocyte apoptosis and promotes the pathogenesis of OA. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. Activation of the NRF2/ARE signaling may effectively suppress oxidative stress, attenuate ECM degradation, and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that the NRF2/ARE signaling has become a potential target for the therapeutic management of OA. Natural compounds, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, have been explored to protect against OA cartilage degeneration by activating the NRF2/ARE pathway. Specifically, flavonoids may function as NRF2 activators and exhibit chondroprotective activity. In conclusion, natural compounds provide rich resources to explore the therapeutic management of OA by activating NRF2/ARE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Luying Liu
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Xiaoyong Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic in Yudu, Ganzhou, China
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Luo W, Zhang G, Wang Z, Wu Y, Xiong Y. Ubiquitin-specific proteases: Vital regulatory molecules in bone and bone-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110075. [PMID: 36989900 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of bone structure and function involves multiple cell-to-cell and molecular interactions, in which the regulatory functions of post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination shouldn't be underestimated. As the largest family of deubiquitinating enzymes, the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) participate in the development of bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases through multiple classical osteogenic and osteolytic signaling pathways, such as BMP/TGF-β pathway, NF-κB/p65 pathway, EGFR-MAPK pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, USPs may also broadly regulate regulate hormone expression level, cell proliferation and differentiation, and may further influence bone homeostasis from gene fusion and nuclear translocation of transcription factors. The number of patients with bone-related diseases is currently enormous, making exploration of their pathogenesis and targeted therapy a hot topic. Pathological increases in the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and TNF-α lead to inflammatory bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. While impaired body metabolism greatly increases the probability of osteoporosis. Abnormal physiological activity of bone-associated cells results in a variety of bone tumors. The regulatory role of USPs in bone-related disease has received particular attention from academics in recent studies. In this review, we focuse on the roles and mechanisms of USPs in bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases, with the expectation of informing targeted therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Tang H, Shao C, Wang X, Cao Y, Li Z, Luo X, Yang X, Zhang Y. 6-Gingerol attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury via GBP2/PI3K/AKT pathway in the rat model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882121. [PMID: 36091803 PMCID: PMC9453877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have elucidated the neuroprotective effect of 6-gingerol in central nervous system diseases. However, the potential role and mechanism of 6-gingerol on early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains poorly understood. Here, we report that 6-gingerol exerts a neuroprotective effect on SAH-induced EBI through the GBP2/PI3K/AKT pathway. A SAH rat model was established by injecting femoral artery blood into the cisterna magna. 6-gingerol or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour post-SAH induction. We found that the neurological function score and brain edema of SAH rats were significantly improved after 6-gingerol treatment, as well as neuronal apoptosis was attenuated in SAH rats by Nissl staining assay and TUNEL assay. To further explore potential molecular mechanisms associated with 6-gingerol, RNA sequencing was implemented to investigate the differences in transcriptomes between SAH rats with and without 6-gingerol treatment; and found that the expression of guanylate-binding protein 2 (GBP2) evidently was suppressed with 6-gingerol treatment compared to vehicle group. In addition, dual immunofluorescence was also employed to investigate changes in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia after 6-gingerol treatment. The results showed that GBP2 was expressed in neurons but not astrocytes or microglia. Western blotting analysis results demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT pathway was activated in the SAH rats treated with 6-gingerol. Furthermore, recombinant GBP2 protein and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) treatment reversed the effects of 6-gingerol treatment in SAH rats. These results indicate that 6-gingerol suppressed the expression of GBP2 to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, improve neurologic outcomes, reduce brain edema and neuronal apoptosis. In summary, our findings suggest that 6-gingerol could attenuate EBI post-SAH in rats, and 6-gingerol may serve as a novel candidate neuroprotective drug for SAH-induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, SC, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, SC, China
| | - Chuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, SC, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, SC, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, SC, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, SC, China
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, SC, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, SC, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, SC, China
| | - Yuekang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, SC, China
- *Correspondence: Yuekang Zhang,
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USP49 mediates tumor progression and poor prognosis through a YAP1-dependent feedback loop in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:2555-2570. [PMID: 35318441 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the Hippo-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) pathway in gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis has attracted considerable research attention; however, the regulatory network of YAP1 in gastric cancer (GC) is not completely understood. In this study, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 49 (USP49) was identified as a novel deubiquitinase of YAP1, knockdown of USP49 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and peritoneal metastasis of GC cells. Overexpression of USP49 showed opposing biological effects. Moreover, USP49 was transcriptionally activated by the YAP1/TEAD4 complex, which formed a positive feedback loop with YAP1 to promote the malignant progression of GC cells. Finally, we collected tissue samples and clinical follow-up information from 482 GC patients. The results showed that USP49 expression was high in GC cells and positively correlated with the expression of YAP1 and its target genes, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61). Survival and Cox regression analysis showed that high USP49 expression was associated with poor prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, patients with high USP49 and YAP1 expression had extremely short overall survival. The findings of this study reveal that the aberrant activation of the USP49/YAP1 positive feedback loop plays a critical role in the malignant progression of GC, thus providing potential novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for GC.
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Enzymatic Machinery of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modification Systems in Chondrocyte Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:62. [PMID: 34216299 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date, a vast amount of information regarding ubiquitination (Ub) and ubiquitylation-like (Ubl) modification-related mechanisms has been reported in the context of skeletal cell homeostasis and diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on recent findings regarding the contribution of enzymatic machinery that directly adds or removes Ub and Ubl modifications from protein targets in chondrocyte homeostasis and osteoarthritis (OA) development. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms that promote homeostasis of articular chondrocytes are crucial for maintaining the integrity of articular joints to prevent osteoarthritis development. Articular chondrocytes are postmitotic cells that continuously produce and remodel cartilage matrix. In addition, the long lifespan of chondrocytes makes them susceptible to accumulating cellular damage. Ub and the evolutionarily conserved Ubl modifications, such as SUMOylation, ATGylation, and UFMylation, play important roles in promoting chondrocyte homeostasis, including regulating cell signaling and protein stability, resolving cellular stresses and inflammation, and maintaining differentiation and survival of chondrocytes. Uncovering new components/functions of Ub/Ubl modification machinery may provide novel drug targets to treat OA.
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