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Ghani I, An Y, Qiao Q, He S, Li Z. Polyphenols from Foxtail Millet Improve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Microbiome in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1683. [PMID: 38890912 PMCID: PMC11172357 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction for which effective interventions are lacking. The burden of NAFLD is increasing at an alarming rate. NAFLD is frequently associated with morbidities such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, etc. The current study explored the potential role of bound polyphenols from foxtail millet (BPIS) in treating mice with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results indicated the critical role of BPIS in treating NAFLD by effectively restoring the gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At the same time, 16S rRNA analysis demonstrated that BPIS remodeled the overall structure of the gut microbiota from fatty liver diseases towards that of normal counterparts, including ten phylum and twenty genus levels. Further study found that the expression of tight junction proteins was upregulated in the BPIS-treated group. This study provides new insights into the potential NAFLD protective effects induced by polyphenols of foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (I.G.); (Y.A.); (Q.Q.); (S.H.)
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Wang Z, Tang H, Liu G, Gong H, Li Y, Chen Y, Yang Y. Compound probiotics producing cellulase could replace cellulase preparations during solid-state fermentation of millet bran. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129457. [PMID: 37422095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-value agricultural by-products can be converted into high-value biological products by fermentation with probiotic strains or by enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the high costs of enzyme preparations significantly limit their applications in fermentation. In this study, the solid-state fermentation of millet bran was performed using a cellulase preparation and compound probiotics producing cellulase (CPPC), respectively. The results showed that both factors effectively destroyed the fiber structure, reduced the crude fiber content by 23.78% and 28.32%, respectively, and significantly increased the contents of beneficial metabolites and microorganisms. Moreover, CPPC could more effectively reduce the anti-nutrient factors and increase the content of anti-inflammatory metabolites. The correlation analysis revealed that Lactiplantibacillus and Issatchenkia had synergistic growth during fermentation. Overall, these results suggested that CPPC could replace cellulase preparation and improve antioxidant properties while reducing anti-nutrient factors of millet bran, thus providing a theoretical reference for the efficient utilization of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haoran Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gongwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hanxuan Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Sufianova G, Gareev I, Beylerli O, Wu J, Shumadalova A, Sufianov A, Chen X, Zhao S. Modern aspects of the use of natural polyphenols in tumor prevention and therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1011435. [PMID: 36172282 PMCID: PMC9512088 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites or organic compounds synthesized by them. In other words, these are molecules that are found in plants. Due to the wide variety of polyphenols and the plants in which they are found, these compounds are divided according to the source of origin, the function of the polyphenols, and their chemical structure; where the main ones are flavonoids. All the beneficial properties of polyphenols have not yet been studied, since this group of substances is very extensive and diverse. However, most polyphenols are known to be powerful antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory effects. Polyphenols help fight cell damage caused by free radicals and immune system components. In particular, polyphenols are credited with a preventive effect that helps protect the body from certain forms of cancer. The onset and progression of tumors may be related directly to oxidative stress, or inflammation. These processes can increase the amount of DNA damage and lead to loss of control over cell division. A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress uncontrolled by antioxidants or an uncontrolled and prolonged inflammatory process increases the risk of developing sarcoma, melanoma, and breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancer. Therefore, a more in-depth study of the effect of polyphenolic compounds on certain signaling pathways that determine the complex cascade of oncogenesis is a promising direction in the search for new methods for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurosurgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
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MicroRNA Methylome Signature and Their Functional Roles in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137281. [PMID: 35806286 PMCID: PMC9266458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite significant advances in the diagnostic services and patient care, several gaps remain to be addressed, from early detection, to identifying prognostic variables, effective treatment for the metastatic disease, and the implementation of tailored treatment strategies. MicroRNAs, the short non-coding RNA species, are deregulated in CRC and play a significant role in the occurrence and progression. Nevertheless, microRNA research has historically been based on expression levels to determine its biological significance. The exact mechanism underpinning microRNA deregulation in cancer has yet to be elucidated, but several studies have demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of microRNA expression, particularly DNA methylation. However, the methylation profiles of microRNAs remain unknown in CRC patients. Methylation is the next major paradigm shift in cancer detection since large-scale epigenetic alterations are potentially better in identifying and classifying cancers at an earlier stage than somatic mutations. This review aims to provide insight into the current state of understanding of microRNA methylation in CRC. The new knowledge from this study can be utilized for personalized health diagnostics, disease prediction, and monitoring of treatment.
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Hu Z, Zhou X, Zeng D, Lai J. Shikonin induces cell autophagy via modulating the microRNA -545-3p/guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 1 axis, thereby disrupting cellular carcinogenesis in colon cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5928-5941. [PMID: 35192430 PMCID: PMC8973937 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK), a major component of shiverweed, was provided with anti-tumor effects via multiple targets and signal pathways. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of its function in colorectal cancer (CRC) still needed to be further explored. The study was designed to examine the role of SHK in CRC and its specific mechanism on the cell tumor behavior of CRC. Collection of clinical samples was performed, and test of microRNA (miR)-545-3p and guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta polypeptide 1 (GNB1) in the samples was conducted; Selection of CRC cell line was exerted, and examination of miR-545-3p and GNB1 was performed; After treatment of shikonin (SHK), correlated plasmids were transfected, test of cell advancement was performed. Test of the protein of autophagy-correlated proteins light chain 3-II/light chain 3I and p63 was performed. The interaction of miR-545-3p with GNB1 was explored, and the action of SHK in vivo was tested. SHK repressed the advancement of SW480 cells with elevated apoptosis and autophagy and the cells quantities in G0/G1 phase. MiR-545-3p was elevated in CRC. SHK boosted miR-545-3p, repression of miR-545-3p or augmentation of GNB1 was able to turn around the function of SHK on CRC, and GNB1 was the target gene of miR-545-3p.All in all, SHK stimulates apoptosis and autophagy in CRC via miR-545-3p/GNB1 signaling axis, firstly demonstrating the regulatory mechanism of SHK in CRC via miR-545-3p/GNB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiWei Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People’s Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
| | - XinDong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People’s Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
| | - DeQiang Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People’s Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
| | - JiaJun Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People’s Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
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Nutrient, phytonutrient and antioxidant potential of selected underutilized nutri-cereal brans. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li Y, Cheng Z, Fan H, Hao C, Yao W. Epigenetic Changes and Functions in Pneumoconiosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2523066. [PMID: 35096264 PMCID: PMC8794660 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2523066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pneumoconiosis is one of the most common occupational diseases in the world, and specific treatment methods of pneumoconiosis are lacking at present, so it carries great social and economic burdens. Pneumoconiosis, coronavirus disease 2019, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis all have similar typical pathological changes-pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix and remodeling of the lung tissue structure. Clarifying the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis plays an important guiding role in its treatment. The occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis are accompanied by epigenetic factors (e.g., DNA methylation and noncoding RNA) changes, which in turn can promote or inhibit the process of pneumoconiosis. Here, we summarize epigenetic changes and functions in the several kinds of evidence classification (epidemiological investigation, in vivo, and in vitro experiments) and main types of cells (macrophages, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial cells) to provide some clues for finding specific therapeutic targets for pneumoconiosis and even for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Cheng
- Department of Case Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Ultrasonography Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Child and Adolecence Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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Kasote D, Tiozon RN, Sartagoda KJD, Itagi H, Roy P, Kohli A, Regina A, Sreenivasulu N. Food Processing Technologies to Develop Functional Foods With Enriched Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:771276. [PMID: 34917106 PMCID: PMC8670417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grains and products provide calories globally. The health benefits of cereals attributed to their diverse phenolic constituents have not been systematically explored. Post-harvest processing, such as drying, storing, and milling cereals, can alter the phenolic concentration and influence the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, cooking has been shown to degrade thermo-labile compounds. This review covers several methods for retaining and enhancing the phenolic content of cereals to develop functional foods. These include using bioprocesses such as germination, enzymatic, and fermentation treatments designed to enhance the phenolics in cereals. In addition, physical processes like extrusion, nixtamalization, and parboiling are discussed to improve the bioavailability of phenolics. Recent technologies utilizing ultrasound, micro- or nano-capsule polymers, and infrared utilizing processes are also evaluated for their effectiveness in improving the phenolics content and bio-accessibility. We also present contemporary products made from pigmented cereals that contain phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)—South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Rhowell N. Tiozon
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Hameeda Itagi
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)—South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Priyabrata Roy
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)—South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Ahmed Regina
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)—South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)—South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Dietary Polyphenols: Promising Adjuvants for Colorectal Cancer Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184499. [PMID: 34572726 PMCID: PMC8465098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the development of novel surgical and therapeutic strategies, 50% of patients relapse after treatment. Therapy failure, due to low efficacy, adverse effects and drug resistance, is thus a major concern. The idea of combining standard therapy with non-toxic bioactive natural compounds is a recent topic in cancer research and aims to increase the efficacy of current antitumor therapies while reducing drug toxicity and adverse effects. In recent years, several studies have explored the capacity of polyphenols, dietary bioactive compounds enriched in fruit and vegetables, to act as adjuvants to improve colorectal cancer therapy. In the present review, we discuss these studies, highlighting the mechanisms underlying the adjuvant effect, and bring out the potential of this novel therapeutic approach as well as the critical issues related to clinical application. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cancer type and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic management, the current medical treatments are not sufficient to control metastatic disease. Treatment-related adverse effects and drug resistance strongly contribute to therapy failure and tumor recurrence. Combination therapy, involving cytotoxic treatments and non-toxic natural compounds, is arousing great interest as a promising more effective and safer alternative. Polyphenols, a heterogeneous group of bioactive dietary compounds mainly found in fruit and vegetables, have received great attention for their capacity to modulate various molecular pathways active in cancer cells and to affect host anticancer response. This review provides a summary of the most recent (i.e., since 2016) preclinical and clinical studies using polyphenols as adjuvants for CRC therapies. These studies highlight the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in combination with cytotoxic drugs or irradiation on both therapy outcome and drug resistance. Despite substantial preclinical evidence, data from a few pilot clinical trials are available to date with promising but still inconclusive results. Larger randomized controlled studies and polyphenol formulations with improved bioavailability are needed to translate the research progress into clinical applications and definitively prove the added value of these molecules in CRC management.
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Lucas-González R, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Viuda-Martos M, Fernández-López J. Pork Liver Pâté Enriched with Persimmon Coproducts: Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Its Fatty Acid and Polyphenol Profile Stability. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041332. [PMID: 33920571 PMCID: PMC8073653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrofood coproducts are used to enrich meat products to reduce harmful compounds and contribute to fiber and polyphenol enrichment. Pork liver pâtés with added persimmon coproducts (3 and 6%; PR-3 and PR-6, respectively) were developed. Therefore, the aim was to study the effect of their in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on: the free and bound polyphenol profile (HPLC) and their colon-available index; the lipid oxidation (TBARs); and the stability of the fatty acid profile (GC). Furthermore, the effect of lipolysis was investigated using two pancreatins with different lipase activity. Forty-two polyphenols were detected in persimmon flour, which were revealed as a good source of bound polyphenols in pâtés, especially gallic acid (164.3 µg/g d.w. in PR-3 and 631.8 µg/g d.w. in PR-6). After gastrointestinal digestion, the colon-available index in enriched pâté ranged from 88.73 to 195.78%. The different lipase activity in the intestinal phase caused significant differences in bound polyphenols' stability, contributing to increased lipid oxidation. The fatty acids profile in pâté samples was stable, and surprisingly their PUFA content was raised. In conclusion, rich fatty foods, such as pâté, are excellent vehicles to preserve bound polyphenols, which can reach the colon intact and be metabolized by the intestinal microbiome.
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